Physical education and health project "step - aerobics in kindergarten" project on the topic. Project “Development of step aerobics as one of the optimal conditions for improving a child’s motor activity An interesting activity on step platforms
Introduction
At the present stage of development of society, a tendency towards a deterioration in the health of children in different regions of the Russian Federation has been identified. No more than 14% of children are born physically mature. Up to 60% of children suffer from chronic diseases. 25 - 35% of children entering 1st grade have physical disabilities or chronic diseases.
The World Health Organization views health as the complete physical, mental and social well-being of a person. The health of a child depends on a number of factors: biological, environmental, social hygienic, as well as on the nature of pedagogical influences. Among the various factors influencing the health and performance of a growing organism is physical activity. Physical activity has the most beneficial effect on the body, being within the optimal range.
The age and individual characteristics of children’s motor activity are largely determined by both the conditions for organizing the activity and its nature and content. The role of purposeful management of the motor activity of children brought up in older age groups of kindergarten is especially great. This is due to the fact that by older preschool age, children, having a high need for physical activity, cannot always realize it at the proper level. It should be taken into account that the independent motor activity of children in the fifth to seventh year of life is increasingly limited by the created conditions in kindergarten and family (the duration of educational classes with a predominance of static poses increases), as well as by the growing cognitive interests of children (computer games, designing, viewing TV shows and videotapes, etc.). In this regard, it is children of this age who can already form bad habits of a sedentary lifestyle. It should also be remembered that older preschoolers do not yet know how to correlate their desires with their true capabilities, which can lead to an overestimation of their strengths and lead to undesirable consequences (overwork, nervous overexcitation, injuries). All this indicates that it is necessary to ensure a rational level of motor activity for children, which can be achieved by improving the motor regime in a preschool institution.
Thus, we can distinguish contradiction: on the one hand, the need to organize optimal motor activity for preschoolers, and on the other hand, the tendency to increase the number of sedentary games and activities for children of this age.
It follows from the contradiction problem: how to organize optimal motor activity of children in the conditions of modern motor education.
Getting out of the problem subject sounds like this: the development of step-aerobics as one of the optimal conditions for improving a child’s motor activity.
Object of study– the process of development of motor activity.
Subject of study– step – aerobics, as a means of developing motor activity.
Hypothesis: If you use step aerobics when organizing motor activity for children, this will contribute to their physical development.
Target: determine the importance of step-aerobics in the development of motor activity in children of senior preschool age.
Tasks:
1. Study theoretical and methodological literature on this issue
2. Determine the main directions for instilling step aerobics skills in children.
3. Develop a system of activities for the use of step aerobics with children 5-7 years old.
4. Develop musical game complexes for step-aerobics.
5. Organize work on interaction with the music director, teachers and parents.
6. Determine the effectiveness of the developed system for the use of step aerobics.
Chapter I Theoretical aspects of the development of motor activity in preschool children
1.1.Theoretical justification of step-aerobics in kindergarten
Step aerobics is gradually gaining its place in physical culture. This is facilitated by the positive emotional background of classes, mandatory musical accompaniment, and an unusual combination of movements associated with an unusual object - a platform. The effectiveness of step aerobics lies in the comprehensive development in children of motor qualities in a beneficial effect on the human body (on the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous systems). The specificity of step aerobics is a combination of basic exercises with elements of dances of various styles, a close connection of movements with music and rhythms, high dynamism and variety of movements and, therefore, enriching motor experience and increasing the culture of movements.
Step aerobics is a health aerobics exercise using a special step platform with adjustable height. The platform is made of a dense polyethylene or wood frame that supports the load and allows you to step, jump on and over it in various directions. In the partner part of the lesson, the platform is convenient to use for developing strength. The movements are based on basic aerobics steps and dance stylization of exercises. Such movements are accessible to almost everyone. Thus, people with different levels of training can simultaneously train in the same group, and the physical activity for each will be individual.
It is necessary to follow the rules of working on step platforms, which ensure the safety of classes. These rules relate to the height of the platform, posture, technique of performing a step up and step down, hand movements, music, etc. (see safety note in attachment)
Equipment for step aerobics is a platform 10 cm high, 20 cm wide, 40 cm long, leg height 7 cm, leg width 4 cm. The rules of step aerobics are aimed at preserving and strengthening the musculoskeletal system of children.
Lesson structure and musical accompaniment.
An aerobics class has three clearly defined parts (each consisting of sub-parts).
The first part of the lesson is an aerobic warm-up (from 4-5 minutes) at a musical tempo of 118-120 beats/min. and preliminary stretching lasting from 10 to 15 seconds. For one muscle group.
The second part of the step class - aerobics - aerobic part (15-18 min.) This is a set of exercises with gradually increasing intensity and necessarily a gradual decrease in intensity (the pace of movements slows down). In addition, strength exercises based on muscle groups not used in previous work are included.
The third part of the lesson is the subsequent reduction in load. These are slowly performed flexibility exercises (3-5 minutes). Their goal is to increase the length of the working muscle and accelerate blood metabolism.
The structure of the lesson may have different options in the content and duration of both individual parts and the entire lesson.
In physical education classes, a bench-step can be used:
- In the introductory part: walking on and between benches (to form correct posture);
- When performing general developmental exercises to music: strengthening the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, developing coordination of movements;
- In the main types of movements: jumping, running, etc.;
- In outdoor games: “Stork and Frogs”, “Homeless Hare”, “Day and Night”, “Hunter and Hares”, “Cat and Birds”.
Basic steps in step - aerobics.
All steps in step aerobics are divided into basic ones - with one leading leg, and variable ones - with alternating leading legs. The full cycle of the main step is from 2 to 4 counts, the variable step is from 4 to 8 counts.
The arrows indicate the direction of the feet when approaching the platform.
Designations for description: R – right leg, L – left leg.
1. Basic step - basic. Approaches - from the front, from above, from the end, from the side, from the corner.
Execution: P - up, L - up, P - down, L - down. The cycle of the main step (with one leg) is 4 counts, the alternating step (entering the platform with both legs is considered) is 8 counts.
2. Added step at the top - bottom. Approaches – from the front, from above, from the end, from the side, from the corner.
Execution: P - up, L - put on top, L - down, P - put at the bottom. Cycle – 4 counts.
3. Added step at the top. Approaches – from the front, from above, from the end, from the side, from the corner.
Execution: P – up, L – put down, L – down, P – down; then on the other leg. Cycle – 8 counts.
4. Added step at the bottom. Approaches – from the front, from above, from the end, from the side, from the corner.
Execution: P - up, L - up, P - down, L - put, then from the other leg. Cycle – 8 counts.
5. Vi – step – main and variable. Approach is from the front.
Execution: P - up apart, L - up apart, P - down together, L - down together. Cycle – 4-8 counts.
6. Step with knee lift - basic and variable. Approaches – from the front, from above, from the end, from the side, from the corner.
Execution: P – up, L – raise the knee, L – down, P – down. Cycle – 8 counts.
7. Varieties of leg lifts (sideways, crosswise, shin overlapping).
Performing the variable and main step from all types of approaches.
8.Step with rotation - variable. Approach - from the side.
Execution: P - up, L - up diagonally, P - down with a turn on the left side, L - down, put to the right. Cycle – 8 counts.
9. Through the platform - variable step. Approach - from the side.
Execution: P – up, L – up, P – down, on the other side of the platform, L – down, put it on the right leg.
10. Lunges. Performed on the floor, on the floor back on top of the platform.
11. Step apart upward - basic and variable.
12. Step apart downwards - main and variable. The approach is from above.
Execution: P - down apart, L - down apart, P - up to the platform, L - up to the platform. Cycle – 4-8 counts. The approach is from the sides.
Execution: P - apart up, L - apart up, P - down apart, L - down apart. Cycle – 4-8 counts.
13. Flight – main and variable. Approach – from the end sideways.
Execution: P – jump up, change legs, L – jump up, P – down, L – down. Cycle – 4-8 counts.
14. Triple knee lift - main and variable. Approaches – from the front, from above, from the end, from the side, from the corner.
Execution: P - up, L - up knee, L - down, L - up knee, L - down, L - up knee, L - down, P - down. Cycle – 8-16 counts.
You can increase the intensity of a step aerobics class by increasing the height of the platform, increasing the tempo of the music in the main part of the class; increasing the lever of movement; increasing the amplitude of movement.
Visual commands.
During step aerobics classes, gestures (visual commands) can be used, which increases the organization of classes and their motor density. Specific gestures explain the direction of movement and the number of repetitions. Facial expressions also help – nodding your head, smiling. For example, moving up (to the platform) - hand with palm up; forward across the platform - circle your hand above your head and forward with your palm to show the direction forward; down (from the platform) – hand with palm down; number of repetitions - show 1 or 2, 3, 4 fingers of a bent elbow or raised arm; back - show with your arm bent at the elbow, your toes in a fist, your thumb pulled back and showing the direction of movement; around - a circular movement with the index finger above the head; first - an open palm above the head; to the left - (mirror) right hand straight to the right, palm forward; attention – two hands are raised up, palms inward.
Basic rules for musical accompaniment of classes.
When giving conditioned signals for the beginning or end of physical exercises performed to music, the leader must keep in mind that the signal to start the exercise is given at the end of the musical phase, so that the beginning of the next musical phrase coincides with the beginning of a new exercise. The end of the exercise should organically coincide with the end of the musical work or part of it. Failure to comply with these conditions disrupts the rhythmic coordination of motor actions and reduces the effectiveness of the lesson. When compiling musical phonograms, it is necessary to take into account the gender and age of the students in order to avoid the undesirable impact of musical works on the technique and behavior of the students. Each specific program of musical accompaniment is compiled in accordance with a detailed plan - lesson notes. The phonogram is recorded taking into account all the increases and decreases in the intensity of the planned work and the number of repetitions.
It should be remembered that different physical fitness of those involved can be compensated by increasing or decreasing the amplitude of movements.
Requirements for optimally necessary equipment for the physical development of children
A variety of physical equipment and aids are an integral part of the general subject-game environment of a preschool educational institution. In the process of optimizing the motor activity of children, the correct selection and rational use of equipment helps to more fully satisfy the motor needs of each child, contributes to the formation of basic skills and abilities, increasing the functional capabilities of the child’s body, developing motor qualities and abilities, nurturing interest in various types of physical education classes. Along with this, tasks are being solved aimed at strengthening the health and harmonious development of children, at nurturing moral and volitional qualities, and at developing many mental processes and personality traits.
Items of physical education and sports - play equipment in a preschool institution must be selected taking into account the age characteristics of children. A variety of equipment is necessary to equip physical education, physical education and music, gyms, swimming pools, physical education and group playgrounds in preschool areas. You also need to take care of purchasing equipment for specialized rooms intended for therapeutic, preventive and physical education work. You also need to have measuring instruments that are necessary to diagnose physical fitness, comprehensively assess motor activity, determine physical activity and the functional state of the child’s body.
A rational selection of physical education and sports and gaming equipment will help ensure the implementation of the content of a variety of types of physical education classes.
But it is less important to have the necessary set of equipment to optimally ensure organized and independent motor activity of children. The presence of different types of equipment and aids will allow them to be used most rationally in various types of activities, to create a variety of exercise options for morning exercises, motor warm-ups, exercises after naps, outdoor games, obstacle courses, etc.
The effectiveness of using physical education equipment increases with its rational placement. Most of the facilities are usually located in the gyms. The distribution of benefits depends on their purpose. It is advisable to place small physical education equipment in sectional cabinets.
In order to create a large space for children’s physical activity and maintain their interest in various aids, it is important to store most of them in additional rooms.
The equipment should be located in such a way that children can freely approach it and use it independently. The middle of the hall should be free so that a variety of objects can be placed on it.
Physical education equipment must be kept clean. It is necessary to provide fencing of windows with different grilles and nets. When equipping a gym, you need to remember about the aesthetic design.
In older age groups, physical education equipment and aids can be located not only in sports halls, but also in group rooms.
Necessary sports and gaming equipment for the development of motor activity: a gymnastic bench, a gymnastic set (hoops, slats, sticks, stands, clamps), a short gymnastic stick, a short jump rope, skittles, a bag with a weight, a weighted ball.
Equipping the territory of a preschool institution with sports and play equipment is of great importance for the health and development of children.
Currently, there is a wide variety of physical education and play equipment for kindergartens.
Chapter II Features of organizing step aerobics with children of senior preschool age in a kindergarten
2.1. Analysis of the health status and physical development of children of senior preschool age
Working with children from 2006 to 2007, I carried out the organization and methodology of testing physical fitness and measuring indicators of children’s physical health.
I highlight one of the most important factors ensuring overall health potential, physical health, characterized by indicators of conditioning physical fitness and physical development. It is the indicators of physical fitness and physical development that can be directionally improved without any medications, by satisfying the body’s natural biological need for movement.
Table 1
Children's morbidity data for 2006–2007.
Indicators |
2006 – 2007 |
Number of children of senior preschool age in kindergarten |
|
Morbidity per 1 child per day. |
|
Cold incidence per 1 child, day/day. |
|
Infectious morbidity per 1 child, day/day. |
|
Other morbidity per 1 child, day/day. |
Recently, there has been a slight decrease in colds in children; there are no cases of infectious diseases.
table 2
Dynamics of the level of physical development of children of senior preschool age
Shuttle run, 10m., |
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Standing long jump |
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Raising the body from a lying position |
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Equilibrium Statistics |
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Dexterity of movement |
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Average |
There is stability in the development of basic movements, an increase in the number of children with more developed physical abilities and physical qualities.
2.2. The main stages of teaching children step - aerobics
Step aerobics training is conditioned by the formation of motor skills and takes place over a certain period of time. In my practice, I distinguish three stages of training:
- The stage of familiarization with the basic movements of step - aerobics;
- Stage of learning basic movements;
- Improvement stage
The stage of familiarization with the basic movements of step - aerobics in the lesson I solve the following tasks: I create in students an idea of the main basic exercises, I interest them in conscious and active mastery of the exercise. In the process of forming ideas, I conventionally distinguish three interconnected links:
- understanding the learning task;
- understanding the project for its solution;
- an attempt to perform a basic exercise as a whole or a separate part of it.
By comprehending the learning objectives set by me, children should understand the objectives for the entire series of lessons devoted to the study of specific exercises. Children try to understand the basis of the technique and determine the leading link of the exercise being studied. The children and I learned the basic details of the technique at subsequent stages of training. A project for solving a learning problem is created by the child based on my recommendations, understanding of the problem, previous knowledge and existing motor experience.
The project I have compiled is reinforced and often corrected during the first attempts to perform the exercise by testing it. Depending on the complexity of the exercise, I test it as a whole or in parts. At the stage of familiarization with the exercise, verbal and visual methods are usually used, as well as methods of learning as a whole or in parts, but only in terms of preliminary familiarization with the basic exercise being studied.
At the learning stage, I set tasks for the formation of a motor skill and its further improvement until it becomes a skill. The formation of a skill is based on the process of repeated repetition of individual movements and motor action as a whole. In this process, I distinguish the stage of formation of motor skills and the stage of its improvement. At the stage of motor skill formation, I teach children:
- basics of technique and leading movements of motor action;
- eliminate changes in muscle and mental tension when performing it;
- prevent unnecessary movements.
At the stage of improving motor action, the formation of the main version of the exercise is completed and some signs of motor skill appear. With the relatively high complexity of individual movements, their accuracy in space and time, motor action at this stage of learning is easily disrupted. Therefore, the main task of training is to consolidate the fundamentals of the technique of performing the exercise and achieving its stability.
At this stage of learning a motor action, I widely use verbal and visual teaching methods, but practical methods have an advantage here - learning in parts, as a whole, etc. At the stage of improvement, I form a motor skill, which is characterized by the consolidation of a motor action for constant conditions of implementation, when the automaticity of performing movements does not interfere with the solution of a motor task.
2.3. The main directions of work with children on the development of physical activity (within the framework of step aerobics)
2. Using exercises in class. I try to select special physical exercises, methodically correctly organized movements and complex types of motor activity. The exercises are based on active motor actions of a voluntary nature; such exercises have a beneficial effect on the physiological functions of the child’s body, help to quickly adapt to changing environmental conditions, and enrich the child’s motor experience. (see Attachment).
3. Musical game complexes step - aerobics. I direct each complex to teach children different types of movements, consolidate acquired skills, and develop the child’s physical, moral and volitional qualities.
I ensure maximum efficiency in the implementation of complexes during the school year if I work taking into account the principles of systematicity, clarity, accessibility and individual approach, as well as a gradual increase in the requirements for children’s understanding of the program material.
Musical complexes with step platforms provide me with invaluable assistance in developing different muscle groups and strengthening muscle tone. In the process of using all forms of physical education, I create variable conditions for performing physical exercises. At the same time, children show dexterity, speed of reaction, and endurance.
The musical play complexes I offer may change and vary depending on where they are held, as well as on the type of physical education classes.
The structure of the complex is determined by the tasks I have set and the characteristics of the child’s body. During the exercises, significant changes occur: the preschooler’s performance increases, the functioning of all organs and systems of the body improves, a certain rhythm of activity is developed, muscle tone is strengthened, endurance develops, and the emotional state increases.
During musical play complexes, children learn about the surrounding reality and at the same time receive “muscular joy” (see appendix).
3. Independent use of step-aerobics elements by children in free activity. Independent motor activity of children is organized at different times of the day: in the morning before breakfast, between classes, during play hours after naps and during walks. Active actions of children alternate with calmer activities. When working independently, I take care of creating a physical education and play environment where children can use various aids, including steppes. Children also use elements of step-aerobics while walking, where they independently organize play activities.
Features of interaction with educators, parents and specialists
The effectiveness of physical education work in a preschool institution is largely determined by the interaction between me and the medical staff, music director, teachers and parents. I plan joint activities on the basis of the annual plan of the preschool institution and draw it up in the form of plans: consultations for educators, speaking at pedagogical councils and medical-pedagogical meetings.
Consultations for educators.
I provide assistance to the teacher on various issues of physical improvement of children. The main ones are:
- selection of exercises for morning hygienic gymnastics, physical education minutes, invigorating gymnastics, organizing games between classes while walking;
- equipment for a physical education corner;
- organization of independent motor activity of children in a group and on a walk;
- preparation of recommendations for parents on organizing the physical activity of children in the family.
Pedagogical advice.
For pedagogical councils where the health issues of preschool children are discussed, I prepare either my speech or materials for the speech of my colleagues (doctor, kindergarten methodologist, etc.). I coordinate the topics of speeches with the general topics of pedagogical councils at the beginning of the year. At the same time, I select specific topics that are relevant and interesting for discussion by all participants in pedagogical councils.
Medical and pedagogical meetings.
In modern conditions, the full upbringing and development of a healthy child is possible only with the integration of educational and health activities of a preschool institution and, therefore, close interaction between teachers and medical workers.
The main problems between me and a medical professional in joint activities are:
- physical condition of children attending preschool education;
- compliance of the content of physical exercises with the physical condition of children;
- optimization of the motor mode of children in preschool education;
- organization of activities in the motor rehabilitation system;
- prevention of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular and respiratory systems;
- formation of initial ideas about healthy lifestyle in children;
My interaction with parents.
Family and kindergarten, having their own special functions, cannot replace each other. Most parents are ready to actively participate in the physical development of their children, but this is hampered by their lack of necessary skills. This is why working with parents is an important part of my work. I try to properly organize work with parents in order to help improve their physical and valeological literacy.
Parent meetings.
Parents receive the bulk of information about the physical education work I do at the preschool, its results and ways to improve it at parent meetings. When planning the topic of speeches, I must determine the optimal amount of general information and specific information about the results of children’s motor activity.
Consultations for parents.
Consultations for parents are an important part of my work. At parent-teacher meetings I always have the opportunity to talk about all the children. Moreover, in some cases I have to discuss information about a child only with his parents. Individual consultations serve this purpose. I have to set aside time in my work schedule to talk with my parents. Information about the consultation is brought to the attention of parents in one form or another.
In addition to consultations for everyone, I can specially invite some parents to a conversation. Most often, I invite parents of those children to such consultations who, for one reason or another, cause me concern (inadequate reaction to physical activity, low level of physical qualities, constant lack of shape, etc.). It can also be the other way around: the child’s significant progress in physical education classes or his obvious motor talent.
The fact of the consultation was recorded by me, after analyzing the effectiveness of the work performed at the final pedagogical council.
Conclusion
I believe that in the course of the work I did, the goal and objectives were achieved. In the process of developing motor activity, children got to know themselves, their bodies, and also studied movements in the spatio-temporal environment. The children became more independent, they gained self-confidence and a feeling of satisfaction with the results achieved in the process of overcoming difficulties, and also received an incentive to perform the sets of exercises offered to them. Children of senior preschool age are ready to perform movements at different tempos, with different amplitudes, showing significant speed and speed-strength qualities. Based on the improvement of all types of movements and the development of physical properties, a qualitative transformation of the motor sphere of children occurs.
Having analyzed my work on this problem, I outlined a future perspective:
1. To work more successfully with children in step aerobics, it is necessary to create interest in rhythm.
2. Continue to study new methodological literature on this issue, adopt the experience of other physical education leaders and implement it into your teaching practice.
3. Teach children to come up with musical and game complexes of different shapes, making them more interesting.
4. Enrich children’s facial expressions by using visual commands indicating the directions of movements and the number of repetitions.
Thesaurus
Step - aerobics is a health aerobics exercise using a special step platform with adjustable height.
Physical activity– this is a natural need for movement, the satisfaction of which is the most important condition for the comprehensive development and upbringing of a child.
Step - aerobics- this is a combination of basic exercises with elements of dances of various styles, a close connection of movements with music and rhythms, high dynamism and variety of movements and, therefore, enriching motor experience and increasing the culture of movements.
Health– the body’s ability to quickly adapt to various living conditions and resist the effects of harmful environmental influences.
Physical exercise– specially selected, methodically correctly organized movements and complex types of motor activity.
Physical Culture- part of universal human culture and is considered as the basis for the formation of a healthy lifestyle for a child.
Bibliography:
1. Beresnevoy Z.I. Healthy baby. Children's health program in preschool educational institutions. – M., 2005
2. Volosnikova T.V., Filippova S.O., Moskolenko V.I., Lebedeva N.V. Physical education in the family, preschool educational institution. – M., 2005
3. Glazyrino L.D., Ovsyankin V.A. Methods of physical education of preschool children. – M., 2005
4. Osokina T.I. Physical education in kindergarten. – M., 1973
5. Health aerobics. Physical Culture. – 2004. - No. 6 – p.29
6. Runova M.A. Motor activity of a child in kindergarten. – M., 2002
7. Runova M.A. Movement day after day. – M., 2007
8. Bench - step. Hoop. – 2003. - No. 2 – p.33
9. Step – aerobics and its components. Physical Culture. – 2006. - No. 3 – p.37
10. Stepanenkova E. Methods of physical education. – M., 2005
11. Tarasova T.A. Monitoring the physical condition of preschool children. – M., 2005
12. Filippova S.O. The world of movements of boys and girls. – S-P., 2001
13. Filippova S.O. Companion to the head of physical education of a preschool institution. – S-P., 2005
14. Fitness – aerobics. Hoop. – 2005. - No. 6 – p.38
15. Yakovleva L.V., Yudina R.A. Physical development and health of children 3-7 years old. – M., 2004
MADOU d/s No. 118 of the city of Tyumen
Additional educational program “Aerobics on the steps”
Knyazeva Irina Borisovna
Physical education instructor
Continuing education program “Aerobics on the steps”
(for children 6-7 years old)
To improve child health, various health programs and the latest technologies are being introduced in preschool institutions. One of the health-saving technologies is the use of non-traditional equipment - a step platform..
Explanatory note……………………………………………page 3
Calendar and thematic planning………………………….page 7
Conditions for the implementation of the program……………………………………………………page 23
Availability of social partnership……………………..…………..page 23
References…………………………………………..………....page 24
Efficiency and results……………………………………p.25
Applications
IExplanatory note.
1.Relevance.
Currently, the problem of physical education of preschool children occupies a central place in modern society. It is during this period that the foundations of health, proper physical development are laid, motor abilities and interest in activities are formed.
The volume of health-improving exercises currently used in the practice of our kindergarten is very large. Exercises are varied in form, content and degree of impact on the child’s body, but according to diagnostic results over the past two years, there has been a decrease in the level of development of physical qualities, especially coordination of movements, and the number of healthy children is catastrophically decreasing. At the same time, senior preschool age is the most important period for the formation of motor activity and favorable for the development of many physical abilities, including coordination, as well as the ability to perform cyclic actions for a long time in modes of moderate and high intensity. Against the background of progressive physical inactivity, there is an urgent need to improve the motor regime of preschool educational institutions through the use of non-traditional means of physical education, one of which is step aerobics.
The use of a step platform allows children to develop a strong interest in physical education and their achievements, which is one of the most important conditions for developing motivation for a healthy lifestyle.
Thus, the use in the practice of physical education of plot-based classes based on step aerobics, based on taking into account the age characteristics of preschool children, will increase the effectiveness of the process of physical and mental education and have a positive impact on the state of health and the dynamics of physical fitness, as well as on developing children's interest in systematic physical exercise.
2. Goal: strengthening children's health, increasing the body's resistance.
1.Develop children's motor abilities and physical qualities (speed, strength, flexibility, joint mobility, agility, coordination of movements and balance function to train the child's vestibular apparatus).
2.Form the skills of correct posture and develop the muscular system through exercises on step platforms;
3. Formation of the ability to rhythmically coordinate simple movements to music.
4.Development of clear coordinated movements in conjunction with speech.
5. Cultivate an emotionally positive attitude and sustainable interest in physical education and independent motor activity.
6.Cultivate a sense of self-confidence.
3. Age of children.
It is known that preschool age is decisive in the formation of the foundation of physical and mental health. After all, it is up to the age of 7 that a person goes through a huge developmental path that is not repeated throughout his subsequent life. It is during this period that there is intensive development of organs and the formation of functional systems of the body, the basic personality traits are laid, character and attitude towards oneself and others are formed. It is important at this stage to form in children a base of knowledge and practical skills of a healthy lifestyle, a conscious need for systematic physical education and sports. For older children, I have developed a step aerobics program for children aged 6-7 years.
improving physical health indicators and developing physical endurance in preschool children
4. Expected results and ways to determine their effectiveness
Systematic step aerobics classes:
They will help the natural development of the child’s body and instill the need to take care of their health;
They will develop the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous systems of children;
They will increase the vital capacity of the lungs, improve physical and intellectual performance;
Strengthen posture and arch of the foot;
Preschoolers will develop the skills to independently express movements to music, develop initiative and hard work.
Results of activities:
In kindergarten, sports dancing using step platforms can be included in the program of holidays and entertainment. This increases children's interest in physical exercise and causes a positive emotional response in them.
By the end of the year the child can:
The child correctly performs step-aerobics exercises and is able to monitor his posture and breathing.
The child shows restraint and concentration when performing exercises.
The child focuses on the task set by the teacher and strives to achieve positive results in its implementation. In cases of difficulty, seek help from an adult.
The child uses acquired knowledge in free activities.
The child shows creativity and imagination and is ready for individual self-expression.
5. Implementation deadlines.
The duration of the program is 1 year.
The duration of classes is 30 minutes, 2 times a week, therefore, 80 classes are held per year, which provides great opportunities for mastering the necessary skills and abilities.
6. Distinctive features of the program.
Benefits of step aerobics:
- The same exercises are used in step as in classical gymnastics. All of them are aimed at training the heart muscles and developing better coordination of movements.
- Step aerobics has a comprehensive effect on the body, while delicately correcting the shape of the legs, developing the desired muscle group. The body will be slimmer, flexible, flexible and resilient.
- Aerobics has a positive effect on the entire body, strengthening the respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular and nervous systems, and also normalizes blood pressure and the activity of the vestibular apparatus.
- Step is simply irreplaceable for physical inactivity, i.e. lack of movement. Today, almost half of humanity suffers from physical inactivity, which includes both young people and schoolchildren.
II. Calendar and thematic planning.
Distribution of educational material for the year:
Long-term plan:
1.Learn the basic steps in basic aerobics - 1 hour.
2.Learn the basic steps in basic aerobics. Corrective exercises for posture - 1 hour.
3.Improve the basic steps of basic aerobics. Breathing exercises - 1 hour.
4.Improve the basic steps of basic aerobics. Breathing exercises - 1 hour.
5.Improve the basic steps of basic aerobics. Exercises for the back and abdominal muscles - 1 hour.
6.Improve basic aerobics steps - 1 hour.
7.Improve dance steps. Exercises that strengthen the back muscles - 1 hour.
8. Mastering dance steps. Exercises that strengthen the thigh muscles on the side, inside, outside, back - 1 hour.
9.Improve dance steps by adding hands. Flexibility exercises - 1 hour.
10.Improve dance steps by adding hands. Strength exercises - 1 hour.
11.Learn a dance combination. Exercises that strengthen the pectoral muscles, gluteal muscles, abdominal muscles - 1 hour.
12.Improve the dance combination. Flexibility exercises - 1 hour.
13.Improve the dance combination. Corrective exercises for posture - 1 hour.
14.Improve the dance combination. Breathing exercises - 1 hour.
15.Step aerobics. Strength exercises - 1 hour.
16.Step aerobics. Corrective exercises for posture - 1 hour.
17.Step aerobics. Flexibility exercises - 1 hour.
18.Step aerobics. Agility exercises - 1 hour.
19.Step aerobics. Abdominal exercises - 1 hour.
20.Step aerobics. Strength exercises - 1 hour.
21.Step aerobics. Corrective exercises for posture - 1 hour.
22.Step aerobics. Flexibility exercises - 1 hour.
23.Step aerobics. Agility exercises - 1 hour.
24.Step aerobics. Abdominal exercises - 1 hour.
25.Step aerobics. Strength exercises - 1 hour.
26.Step aerobics. Corrective exercises for posture - 1 hour.
27.Step aerobics. Flexibility exercises - 1 hour.
28.Step aerobics. Agility exercises - 1 hour.
29.Step aerobics. Abdominal exercises - 1 hour.
30.Step aerobics. Breathing exercises - 1 hour.
31. Fitball (exercises in place and in motion with balls - 1 hour.
32. Fitball (exercises in place and in motion with balls, exercises while sitting, lying on a ball) - 1 hour.
33. Fitball (exercises in place and in motion with balls, exercises while sitting, lying on a ball) - 1 hour.
34. Fitball. Exercises that strengthen the back muscles and coordination exercises - 1 hour.
35. Fitball (exercises in place and in motion with balls, exercises sitting, lying on the ball). Exercises that strengthen the back muscles - 1 hour.
36. Fitball (exercises in place and in motion with balls, exercises while sitting, lying on a ball) - 1 hour.
37. Fitball Exercises that strengthen the back muscles - 1 hour.
38. Fitball (exercises in place and in motion with balls, exercises while sitting, lying on a ball). Exercises that strengthen the back muscles - 1 hour.
39. Fitball (exercises in place and in motion with balls, exercises while sitting, lying on the ball). Exercises that strengthen the back muscles - 1 hour.
40.Improve the dance combination. Strength exercises - 1 hour.
41.Repeat the dance steps. Exercises that strengthen the back muscles - 1 hour.
42.Mastering dance steps. Exercises that strengthen the thigh muscles on the side, inside, outside, back - 1 hour.
43.Learn a dance combination. Exercises that strengthen the pectoral muscles, gluteal muscles, abdominal muscles - 1 hour.
44.Improve the dance combination. Strength exercises with dumbbells - 1 hour.
45.Step aerobics. Exercises with skipping ropes - 1 hour.
46. Fitball (exercises in place and in motion with balls, exercises while sitting, lying on the ball). Exercises that strengthen the back muscles - 1 hour.
47.Improve the dance combination. Corrective exercises on gymnastic mats - 1 hour.
48.Improve dance steps and combinations. Exercises that strengthen the back muscles - 1 hour.
49.Mastering dance steps. Exercises that strengthen the thigh muscles on the side, inside, outside, back - 1 hour.
50.Learn a dance combination. Exercises that strengthen the pectoral muscles, gluteal muscles, abdominal muscles - 1 hour.
51.Improve the dance combination. Strength exercises with dumbbells - 1 hour.
52.Step aerobics. Exercises with expanders - 1 hour.
53. Fitball (exercises in place and in motion with balls, exercises while sitting, lying on the ball). Exercises that strengthen the back muscles - 1 hour.
54.Improve the dance combination. Strength exercises with dumbbells - 1 hour.
55.Step aerobics. Corrective exercises on gymnastic mats - 1 hour.
56.Repeat the dance steps. Exercises that strengthen the back muscles - 1 hour.
57.Repeat the dance steps. Exercises that strengthen the back muscles - 1 hour.
58.Learn a dance combination. Exercises that strengthen the pectoral muscles, gluteal muscles, abdominal muscles - 1 hour.
59.Improve the dance combination. Strength exercises with dumbbells - 1 hour.
60.Step aerobics. Exercises with expanders - 1 hour.
61. Fitball (exercises in place and in motion with balls, exercises while sitting, lying on the ball). Exercises that strengthen the back muscles - 1 hour.
62.Improve the dance combination. Strength exercises with dumbbells - 1 hour.
63.Step aerobics. Corrective exercises on gymnastic mats - 1 hour.
64. Aerobics. Strength and breathing exercises - 1 hour.
65. Aerobics. Exercises that strengthen the back muscles - 1 hour.
66.Step aerobics. Abdominal exercises - 1 hour.
67.Step aerobics. Strength exercises - 1 hour.
68.Step aerobics. Corrective exercises for posture - 1 hour.
69.Step aerobics. Flexibility exercises - 1 hour.
70.Step aerobics. Agility exercises - 1 hour.
71.Step aerobics. Abdominal exercises - 1 hour.
72.Step aerobics. Breathing exercises - 1 hour.
III. Contents of the program.
According to the degree of influence on the child’s body, all types of health-improving physical education (depending on the structure of movements) can be divided into two large groups: exercises of a cyclic and acyclic nature. Cyclic exercises are motor acts in which the same complete motor cycle is constantly repeated for a long time. These include walking, running, skiing, cycling, swimming.
In acyclic exercises, the structure of movements does not have a stereotypical cycle and changes during their execution. These include gymnastics and strength exercises, jumping, throwing, sports and outdoor games. Acyclic exercises have a predominant effect on the functions of the musculoskeletal system, resulting in increased muscle strength, reaction speed, flexibility and mobility in the joints, and lability of the neuromuscular system. Types with a predominant use of acyclic exercises include morning exercises and step aerobics.
The peculiarity of step aerobics is that the pace of movements and the intensity of the exercises are set by the rhythm of the musical accompaniment. It uses a complex of various means that affect the child’s body. Thus, a series of running and jumping exercises primarily affect the cardiovascular system; bending and squatting - on the musculoskeletal system, relaxation and suggestion methods - on the central nervous system. Exercises on the ground develop muscle strength and joint mobility, running series develop endurance, dance series develop plasticity, etc. Depending on the choice of means used, step aerobics classes can be predominantly athletic, dance, psychoregulatory or mixed in nature. The nature of energy supply, the degree of enhancement of respiratory and circulatory functions depend on the type of exercise. A series of ground exercises (lying, sitting) has the most stable effect on the circulatory system. Heart rate does not exceed 130 beats/min., i.e. does not go beyond the aerobic zone. Thus, work on the ground is predominantly aerobic in nature. In a series of exercises performed in a standing position, exercises for the upper extremities also cause an increase in heart rate to 130 beats/min, dance exercises - up to 150, and global exercises (bending over, deep squats) - up to 160 beats/min. A series of running and jumping exercises have the most effective effect on the body.
In health-improving classes, the choice of tempo of movements and series of exercises should be carried out in such a way that the training is mainly aerobic in nature (with an increase in heart rate within the range of 130-150 beats/min.). Then, along with improving the functions of the musculoskeletal system (increasing muscle strength, joint mobility, flexibility), it is also possible to increase the level of general endurance, but to a much lesser extent than when performing cyclic exercises.
The leading role in this belongs to cyclic exercises, which ensure the development of aerobic capabilities and general endurance in children.
Aerobics is a system of physical exercises that provide energy through the use of oxygen. Aerobic exercises include only those cyclic exercises in which at least 2/3 of the muscle mass is involved. To achieve a positive effect, the duration of aerobic exercise should be at least 20-30 minutes. It is cyclic exercises aimed at developing general endurance that are characterized by the most important morphofunctional changes in the circulatory and respiratory systems. Differences in individual types of cyclic exercises, associated with the peculiarities of the structure of the motor act and the technique of its implementation, are not of fundamental importance for achieving a preventive and health-improving effect. Experience working with preschool children shows that all of the above forms of health-improving physical education have a positive effect on the child’s body. But the most effective is aerobics.
One complex of step aerobics, as a full lesson, is performed by children for three months; some exercises can be modified and become more complex as they are mastered.
When distributing exercises, it is necessary to correctly dose physical activity, i.e. heart rate should not exceed 150-160 beats/min.
Step aerobics is one of the forms of physical education classes that helps to cultivate the interest of preschool children in the process of performing physical exercises.
The use of techniques of imitation and imitation, figurative comparisons corresponds to the psychological characteristics of preschool children, facilitates the process of memorization, mastering exercises, increases the emotional background of the lesson, promotes the development of thinking, imagination, creative abilities, and cognitive activity.
The selection of means and methods of physical education is determined by the age (anatomical, physiological, psychological and motor) characteristics of children. To solve the assigned tasks, various physical exercises are used in classes, the sequence of which corresponds to the generally accepted three-part structure. At the same time, the exercises used in the preparatory and final parts of the classes, as well as sketches of psycho-gymnastics, dances and games can be changed after 2-3 classes, varying them in accordance with the plot. It is advisable to perform complexes of general developmental exercises used in the main part over 15-16 lessons, gradually complicating the exercises and increasing the load. When dosing exercises, it is necessary to take into account the level of readiness and individual capabilities of children.
A study of the age-related dynamics of strength development showed that in the period from 4 to 7 years there is a significant increase in muscle mass and, accordingly, the contractility, strength and performance of muscles increase, therefore, according to the recommendations of some valeologists, exercises for the muscles of the shoulder girdle and hip joints of a 5-year-old child age can be performed daily from 20 to 30 times, and for the trunk muscles - from 40 to 60 times, in separate series of 6-8 or 12-16 times. The large volume of work performed causes noticeable changes in metabolism and in the functioning of the body's functional systems, expanding the mechanisms of adaptation not only to physical activity, but also to the action of various environmental factors, and helps to increase overall performance.
After learning the exercises for 1 – 2 lessons, they are performed to music. The use of rhythmic music evokes positive emotions in children, helps develop a sense of rhythm, and facilitates the formation of motor qualities.
The developed training complexes are aimed at the gradual, accentuated development of motor qualities, which is allocated from 50 to 70% of the training time. Each set of story-based lessons is used on average for 2-2.5 weeks, since the use of short training programs aimed at developing individual motor skills in the process of physical education of preschoolers is quite effective and causes a significant improvement in indicators characterizing the level of development of motor qualities .
Step aerobics: classification of exercises.
Depending on the direction of vertical movement (up or down), several groups of movements are distinguished:
Upsteps are movements that start on the floor and are performed on a platform;
Downsteps - movements that start from the platform to the floor
Depending on the “leading” leg:
From the same leg (singlelead) - movements for 4 counts, in which the leg changes.
The presence or absence of a rotational moment around the longitudinal axis allows us to divide elements into the following types:
Without rotation - displacement;
With rotation - rotational.
The presence or absence of a support base makes it possible to classify movements into:
Jumps and jumps.
Basic elements of step aerobics exercises
1.Basic Step. Step right onto the platform, place the left one, step right off the platform. (initial position (i.p.)) Performed in 4 counts. Likewise with the other leg.
2. Step legs apart, legs together (V-step) - performed in the same way as in classical aerobics.
3.Additional step (tapup, tapdown) with touch on the platform and on the floor (above, below). Step with your right onto the platform, straightening your knee, place your left on your toes, without bearing the weight of your body, step off the platform with your left, place your right on your toes to the supporting leg. Performed on 4 counts. Also from the other leg. Options: a) - an additional step with a touch on the platform for 8 counts (tapup). Performed with a change of leg. Step with your right to stand on the platform, place your left against your right, without bearing the weight of your body, step with your left back, place your right against your left, also from the other leg. This exercise is performed in a similar way, starting the movement with the left leg. b) - an additional step with a change of foot with a touch at the bottom for 8 counts (tapdown). Step onto the platform with your right hand, place your left hand next to your right, weight your body on two legs. With your right step, step back from the platform, place your left hand on your right half-toes, without bearing the weight of your body. Step onto the platform with your left, place your right hand next to your left, step with your left back and step off the platform.
4. Steps with rising onto the platform and bending the leg forward (lift). The exercise is performed in the same way as in classical aerobics. Options: repeated execution on one leg; with a change of leg; with a straight leg (liftfront, side, back); with the leg bent forward (kneeup); with leg bent back (Legcurl); rising onto the platform with a “kick” of the free leg.
5.Touching the platform with the toe of the free foot (steptap). Bending the left one, touch the platform with your toe, place it on the right one (i.p.), and do the same with the other foot. Performed on 2 counts.
6. Steps – feet together, feet apart (Straddleup). Easy.p. stand with your legs apart on the sides of the platform (lengthwise), step your right into the platform, place your left one, while straightening your legs. Alternately step right and left to get off the platform. The movement is performed in 4 counts.
7.The exercise is similar to the previous one, but is performed in simple steps. – stand with your feet together on the platform (Straddledown).
8.Step with a turn (turnstep) I.p. – stand sideways to the platform. Step right onto the platform, step left onto the platform, with your back turned to the main direction (lengthwise to the platform), stand with your legs apart. Step the right one back in a diagonal direction (turning diagonally), step the right one back from the platform, bring the left one to the right one (i.p.)
9.Steps in a diagonal direction, from corner to corner of the platform (cornertocorner)
10.Step across the platform (over the top). Easy.p. – stand with your feet together sideways to the platform. Step left to the side to stand on the platform and place your right hand. Step off the platform with your left (on the other side), place your right hand on the half-finger of your left.
11. Steps across the platform in the longitudinal direction (across)
12. Lunges to the side and back. They are performed in a longitudinal or transverse position to the platform. The technical requirements are the same as in classical aerobics - the heel of the back leg does not fall to the floor.
13.Additional steps – feet together, feet apart (T-step). Easy.p. – stand with your legs together in a transverse stance from the end of the platform. Step right forward, put left to right (performed on the platform), step right, then left to the side (get off the platform - stand with legs apart). Step right from the platform, place the left one to the right one. Performed on 8 counts. Also from the other leg.
14.Steps at an angle (L-step). Easy.p. in a stance at the end of the platform in the longitudinal direction, step right, then left onto the platform. Step the right one to the side (get off the platform, put the left one to the right one). Performed on 8 counts.
15. Step with a 90-degree turn, bending the leg forward and jumping on the supporting leg (1/4 Hop-Turn). Easy.p. – stand on two legs at the third part of the platform (longitudinal) Step right onto the platform, bending the left one forward, turn to the right. Step left backwards off the platform, placing your right hand next to your left. Perform for 4 counts.
16. A-step – easy.p. – facing the platform at the edge in the longitudinal direction. Step right into the center of the platform, place the left one against the right one. Step back diagonally with your right hand - get off the platform, put your left hand next to your right hand. Performed on 4 counts.
Organization of step aerobics classes
It is possible to perform exercises in various formations: in a line (in a checkerboard pattern), in a circle, V - formation. In some cases, especially when working with children, the platforms are arranged in one line, which allows classes to be conducted using the play method. For example, two “competing” commands, sequential execution by one, then by another group, etc.
The sequence of learning the step-aerobics complex
Before learning the step-aerobics complex, preliminary work is necessary.
The teacher needs:
- determine the task of the complex;
- select exercises that suit the age of the children and their physical fitness;
- determine the number of exercises in each part of the complex, their dosage;
- distribute the number of sessions for compiling, learning and practicing the exercises of the complex;
- choose musical accompaniment for the step aerobics complex that matches the pace of the exercises.
Learning the step-aerobics complex can be divided into three stages.
Stage I - preparatory (2 lessons).
At this stage, the teacher’s task is to create a general idea of the movements, provide the necessary information about the nature of the music, and how to perform the exercises. At this stage, the teacher demonstrates the complex in full to music in front of the children, draws the children’s attention to the connection of the new movement with those previously studied.
Stage II - basic (8 lessons).
This stage involves children meaningfully performing exercises and understanding the relationship between music (tempo, expressiveness) and movements. The teacher continuously monitors the children’s movements and corrects errors in execution individually with each child. At this stage, children should master the basic movements to music, taking into account the tempo.
When learning the step-aerobics complex, the following requirements must be taken into account:
- the teacher’s demonstration of movements should be mirror-like, clear, without distortion of the rhythm;
- the most complex exercises are learned step by step, and simple ones are performed together with the teacher;
- when organizing children, it is necessary that all children see the teacher;
- In order to avoid incorrect performance and memorization of exercises by children, the teacher must prompt and guide the child’s actions, if necessary.
Stage III - final (2 lessons).
The work is aimed at improving movements, taking into account the dynamic shades of music, and developing the expressiveness of movements. Children perform the complex independently.
Step aerobics technique involves constantly maintaining correct posture. Therefore, it is very important to remind children to maintain correct body position during all movements.
To maintain correct body position during step aerobics, you must:
1. Keep your shoulders back, chest forward, buttocks tight, knees relaxed;
2. Avoid overstraining the knee joints;
3. Avoid excessive arching of the back;
4. Do not bend forward from the hip, bend with your whole body;
5. When lifting or lowering from a step platform, always use a safe lifting method;
6. Standing facing the step-platform, rise, working with your legs, but not with your back;
7. Keep the step platform close to your body when carrying it.
Basic rules for performing step training techniques:
1. Perform steps to the center of the step platform;
2. Place the entire sole of your foot on the step platform when ascending, and when descending, place your foot from toe to heel before taking the next step;
3. When descending from the step platform, remain standing fairly close to it. Do not step back more than the length of your foot from the step-platform;
4. Do not start teaching children how to use their hands until they have mastered the movements of their legs perfectly;
5. Do not rise or fall from the step platform while standing with your back to it;
6. Take a step with ease, do not hit the step platform with your feet.
Music for step aerobics
The selection of music for exercises is of great importance. It simultaneously serves as a motivating factor, guides the progress of the workout and dictates the speed of movement.
When choosing musical accompaniment, the instructor should be guided by the presence of a clear percussive rhythm in the composition. For each segment of a step program, music should be selected taking into account recommendations for tempo and duration.
For step aerobics, music that includes three melodic phases of 32 bars is suitable. This rhythm is intended for dance aerobics. The number of beats per minute is synchronized with the heartbeat. The tempo of aerobics music should not be too fast. Thus, preparatory and recovery exercises at the beginning and end of the lesson should be performed to music, the number of beats per minute in which does not exceed 140. During the workout itself, slightly slower music should be played so that you have time to get up and down from the platform. Each stage of step aerobics classes has its own musical rhythm. Music helps establish this rhythm and relieve tension during class.
IV. Terms of sale
Material and equipment:
2.Fitballs, massage balls, balls of different sizes
3.Massage mats.
4.Hoops, jump ropes
5..Selection of musical works for classes and recreation
V. Availability of social partnership.
1. Joint events with school No. 27
2. Open classes during Open Week
3. Participation and performance at holidays and entertainment.
4. Joint activities with parents.
5. Survey of parents' satisfaction with this program.
VI. Bibliography.
1.Lisitskaya T.S., Sidneva L.V. Aerobics. Theory and methodology. Тм I... 2002. - 230 p.
2. Lisitskaya T.S., Sidneva L.V. Aerobics. Private methods. Volume II. M. 2002. - 216 p.
3. Mashukova Yu.M. Step gymnastics in kindergarten / scientific and practical magazine “Physical Education Instructor” No. 4. 2009.
4.Step aerobics / magazine “Health – Sports” No. 2. 2010.
5. Miracle platform / magazine “Hoop” No. 6. 2008.
6. Kuzina I. Step – aerobics is not just fashion // Hoop. – 2005. - No. 1. – P. 40
7. Pogontseva L. Bench - step // Hoop. – 2003. - No. 2. – P.33
VII. Efficiency and results.
To study the dynamics of indicators of physical qualities at the beginning of 2013 - 2014, 14 children of the senior group “Mak” were studied according to the method of: E. Ya. Stepanenkova, D. V. Khukhlaeva, E. S. Kryuchek.
Seven pupils from those examined at the beginning of the school year began to attend the additional service “Step aerobics”, and continued to develop according to the preschool educational institution’s “Physical Development” program. The other seven girls developed according to the preschool educational institution’s “Physical Development” program.
At the end of the year, children from the “Mak” group were conditionally divided into two subgroups: experimental group No. 1; and control group No. 2. They were again monitored, similar to the initial one.
Monitoring analysis:
− according to the monitoring results at the beginning of the year, it is clear that the groups contain children with a high level of development of physical qualities (Liza.N., Masha.B., Anya.P, Yana.O);
− children have an average level of development of physical qualities, which are average in all indicators (Marina. B., Vlada. Ya. Masha. Kh., Vika. V., Yuliana. V., Yulya. K., Nastya. P., Vika. Ya. );
− children whose level of development of physical qualities is low (Diana.N., Dasha.M.)
Children with different levels of development of physical qualities were enrolled in the first experimental group No. 1 for “Step aerobics”; children with different levels of development of physical qualities also remained in control group No. 2.
Repeated research showed:
Running 30m at the end of the school year: - in experimental group No. 1 the indicator is higher than in control group No. 2 by 20.4%
Standing long jump at the end of the school year. showed that the pupils of experimental group No. 1 significantly increased their performance by 18.1% higher than the children of control group No. 2
Flexibility at the end of the school year, the indicator of experimental group No. 1 significantly increased by 96.1% higher than that of children in control group No. 2.
Raising the legs from a supine position at the end of the school year, it is clear that the pupils of experimental group No. 1 significantly increased their performance by 34.4% higher than the children of control group No. 2.
Step test at the end of the school year, it is clear that the pupils of experimental group No. 1 significantly increased their performance by 27.2% higher than the children of control group No. 2.
The endurance coefficient at the end of the school year shows that the pupils of experimental group No. 1 significantly increased their performance by 10.1% higher than the children of control group No. 2.
Analysis of diagnostics at the end of the year (see appendix, table No. 2 and No. 3) showed that in the presence of almost the same indicators of the level of physical development of pupils at the beginning of the school year, experimental group No. 1, attending the additional service “Step aerobics”, managed develop your physical qualities on average 49.5% higher than in group No. 2.
Indicators of physical development of control group No. 2 also improved compared to the primary diagnosis, but only by 15.1%.
Conclusion: Pupils attending “Step aerobics” showed higher results in physical qualities than other preschool pupils.
Thus, the use of “Step aerobics”, based on taking into account the age characteristics of preschool children, made it possible to increase the efficiency of the process of physical development and had a positive impact on the state of health and the dynamics of physical fitness, as well as on the formation of children’s interest in systematic physical exercise.
Application
No. 1. Step aerobics complexes for recreational activities
In a well-ventilated room, step dances are laid out on the floor in a checkerboard pattern. To the accompaniment of cheerful rhythmic music, children enter the hall and stand behind the steps. (Guys in lightweight clothes, barefoot.)
PREPARATION PART
1. Walk normally in place. (Children should feel the music, catch the tempo of the movement, and tune in accordingly.)
2. Walking on the steppe.
3. Take an additional step back from the step to the floor and back to the step, from the right foot, vigorously working with your hands.
4. Added step back from the step, forward from the step.
5. Walking on the steppe; hands alternately move forward, up, forward, down.
MAIN PART
1. Walking on the steppe. The hands alternately draw large circles along the body, fingers clenched into fists.
2. Step to step - from step. The hands alternately draw small circles along the body. (No. 1 and 2 repeat 3 times.)
3. An additional step on the steppe to the right - to the left. At the same time, straight arms rise forward and fall down.
4. An additional step on the steppe to the right - to the left with a half-squat (step - squat). The hands, bent at the elbows, go to the shoulders, then down.
5. Walking on the steppe with high knees. At the same time, clapping with straight arms is performed in front of you and behind your back.
6. Step to the step - from the step with clapping with straight arms in front of you and behind your back. (No. 3, 4, 5 and 6 repeat 3 times.)
7. Running in place on the floor.
8. Easy running on the steppe.
9. Running around the step.
10. Running in all directions. (No. 7, 8, 9 and 10 repeat 3 times.)
11. Walking on the steppe.
12. Walking on your toes around the step with alternately raising your shoulders.
13. Step sideways from step to step.
14. Walking on your heels around the step while raising and lowering your shoulders.
15. Step sideways from step to step.
16. "Cross". Step from the step - forward; from the step - back; from the step - to the right; from the step - to the left; hands on the belt.
17. The same when performing dance movements with your hands.
18. Breathing exercise.
19. Regular walking on the steppe.
20. Step from step to step, arms up, towards shoulders.
21. Walking around the step on half-bent legs, hands on the belt.
22. Walking in all directions while clapping overhead.
23. Step to step - from step.
24. Changing lanes in a circle. Walking on the steppe in a circle.
25. Swing a straight leg up and forward (8 times).
26. Snake walking around the steps (2-3 laps).
27. Swing a straight leg up and forward, hands on the belt (8 times each).
28. Running like a snake around the steps.
29. Outdoor game “Circus horses”.
Rules of the game. The circle of step steps is a circus arena. Children walk around the steps, raising their knees high (“like horses in training”), then at a signal they switch to running with their knees raised high, then to walking and when the music stops, they take up the step (“stall”). There should be 2-3 fewer steps than the number of participants in the game. (The game is repeated 3 times.) Children put the steppes in a certain place, take rugs, lay them out in a circle and sit on them.
30. Relaxation and breathing exercises.
In the preparatory part of this complex, the steppes are arranged in a row along the wall.
PREPARATION PART
1. I.p.: standing on the steppe sideways, arms down. While walking in place, raise both arms forward and up; at the same time raise your head; return to i. p. (10 times)
2. While walking on the steppe, from the position of your hands behind your head, spread them to the sides with a rotation of your torso to the right and left (10 times).
3. Stand on the steps one after another (“train”). Take a step back (forward) from the step, simultaneously lowering and raising your shoulders.
4. Turn around and repeat the same (12 times).
(Repeat everything 3 times and rearrange the steps at an angle for the main part of the lesson.)
MAIN PART
1. Simultaneously with walking on the steppe, clasp your left shoulder with your right hand, your right shoulder with your left hand, then spread your arms to the sides and clasp your shoulders again (10-12 times).
2. Step onto the step from the step; At the same time, vigorously extend your arms bent at the elbows forward (fingers clenched into fists). Pull your arms back and straighten them to the sides from a position with your arms in front of your chest.
3. Simultaneously with walking on the steppe, make circular movements forward and backward with straight arms, alternately and together (10 times).
4. Alternate step from step to step with turning the body to the right and left, hands on the belt (10-12 times).
(No. 1, 2, 3 and 4 repeat 2 times.)
5. Sitting on the steppe, leaning behind with your hands, raise and lower your outstretched legs (10-12 times).
6. Sitting on the steppe, legs crossed, bend over to your right and left knees, touching them with your forehead (help yourself with your hands).
7. Kneeling on the steppe, sit down and stand up without helping yourself with your hands.
8. Step from the steppe to the right, left.
(No. 5, 6, 7 and 8 repeat 2 times.)
9. Standing on the steppe, swing your straight leg forward and make a clap under your leg. Maintain correct posture, do not lean forward, try to raise your leg as high as possible, pulling your toes.
10. Step forward from step; alternating with bending forward (10 times).
11. Standing on the steppe, raise your legs bent at the knees one by one (10-12 times).
12. Standing on the floor in front of the step, step back and forth across the step; hands clasped behind the head (2 times).
13. Walking in a column one at a time, stepping over the steps.
14. Jumps with scattered advance.
15. Repeat number 13 in the opposite direction.
16. Jumps with scattered advance.
17. Walking on the steppe.
18. Outdoor game “Birdhouses”.
Rules of the game. You can take a place (only in your own) birdhouse (steppe) by the signal “The starlings have arrived!” You must fly out of the birdhouse at the signal “Starlings are flying!” The one who takes the step last is considered the loser.
19. Games and exercises for relaxation, restoration of breathing.
The steps are arranged in a chaotic order.
PREPARATION PART
1. At the same time as walking on the steppe, straighten your arms up, unclenching your fists, look at them; arms are lowered to the shoulders, hands are clenched into fists.
2. Step from step to step, vigorously working with your hands.
3. Simultaneously with walking on the steppe, swing your arms back and forth with clapping in front and behind.
4. Walking on the steppe with turns around you and with free movements of your arms. (Turns in one direction and the other.)
5. “Cross” (see above). (Repeat 2 times.)
MAIN PART
1. At the same time as walking on the steppe, cross your bent arms in front of you, slap your left hand on your right shoulder, and your right hand on your left shoulder.
2. A step from the step to the side alternates with a squat. At the same time, the arms are raised forward.
3. At the same time as walking on the steppe, raise your arms up through your sides and clap above your head.
4. Step from step to step, raising and lowering your shoulders.
5. Walking randomly with alternating steps, hands make dance movements (2 times).
6. Sitting on the steppe, cross your legs, hands on your belt. Tilts left and right.
7. I.p. - Same. Swinging your arms forward, quickly stand up and return to the starting position.
8. Kneel on the steppe, hands on the belt; lower on your heels, arms to the sides, return to the starting position.
9. Walking on the steppe with intense hand work.
10. Rhythmic squats and straightening on the steppe, arms in free movement
11. Spin on the steppe, arms to the sides. Movement in one direction and the other.
12. Repeat number 10.
13. Spinning with your eyes closed.
14. Step to step, from step.
15. Running in all directions while performing hand tasks.
16. Repeat No. 1.
17. Light running on the steppe alternates with walking. (2 times.)
18. Jumping, standing sideways on the steppe, hands on the belt, legs apart - on the floor, legs together, return to the starting position.
19. Step onto the step from the step.
20. Repeat No. 18 on the other side.
21. Walking on the steppe.
22. Outdoor game “Physical education-hurray!”
Rules of the game. Children move the step dances to different places to play, placing them in two rows on opposite sides of the playground. There is one less step on one side. They stand on their own where there are more steps, two people per step. This is the starting line. On the opposite side is the finish line. Children say:
“Sport, guys, is very necessary.
We are strong friends with sports,
Sport is a helper!
Sport is health!
Sport is a game!
Physical training!"
With the end of the words, the participants of the game run a race to the finish line. Those who did not have time to take the step lose. Those who are among the first to take the step win. (Repeat the game 3 times.)
23. Games and relaxation exercises.
In a well-ventilated room, step boards are laid out on the floor in three rows. (Children practice barefoot, wearing lightweight clothing.)
Preparatory part. (1st musical segment)
Logorhythmic exercise
- Tilt of the head to the right - to the left.
- Raising your shoulders up and down.
- Walking is normal in place on the steppe.
- An additional step forward from the step to the floor and back to the step.
- An extra step back.
- Added step to the right (left) from the step, return to IP.
- Added step forward - back; right left.
- Leg back; behind the step - board - hands up, return to IP.
- Lunge with your foot forward, arms to the sides.
Main part (2nd musical segment).
- Right leg to the side, behind the step; right hand to the side. Left leg to the side, left arm to the side. Return to i.p.
- Place your right (left) foot forward on your toes before stepping, and sharply extend your right (left) arm forward. Return to i.p.
- The same to the right - to the left of the step board. Back from the step-board.
- Place your right (left) leg sharply forward; right left); back and return to i.p.
- Semicircle. Draw a semicircle with your right (left) foot around the step board; return to IP
- An additional step on a step-board with a half-squat (repeat the exercise 2 times).
- Turn to the right (left), leg back behind the step - board, arms to the sides; return to IP
- Standing on the floor in front of the step-board, place your right (left) foot on the step, arms sharply up; return to IP.
- I.p. Same. Lunge with the right (left) foot onto the step, palms on the knee; return to IP (repeat exercises 2 times).
- Leg lunges to the right; left; back, standing on a step board.
- "Wiggles."
- Running exercises.
- Half squats with circular movements of the arms.
- Running exercises.
- Jumping exercises.
- Spin around on the step board to the right and left, arms to the sides.
- Jumping exercises.
- Walking around the step - boards on half-bent legs, hands on the belt.
- Leg forward, step-board, arms sharply to the sides; return to IP
- Walking normally in place.
- Step forward; step back; place your feet wide.
- Rebuilding with steps in a circle. Walking on the steps in place.
- Holding hands, take an extra step to the right in a circle.
- I.p. Same; four aha forward - back.
- Exercise to restore breathing.
Complex No. 5 with balls (May)
1st musical segment. Introductory part.
Exercises near the wall to form correct posture (3-4 exercises). Walking in a column alternating with running; walking on toes, heels, the outside of the foot; running like a snake between step boards and jumping (stepping over) them; walking along correctional paths (while walking, children take a small diameter ball with their right hand); rebuilding in three links to step boards (pre-arranged); walking in place: turn to step boards.
The main part is divided into four musical segments. Exercises on step boards with a small ball:
Main part.
- I.p.: standing on the steppe, the ball in the right hand. Step forward from the step, transfer the ball over your head to the other hand; return to IP
- I.p.: the same. Step back from the step, transfer the ball over your head to the other hand; return to IP
- IP: the same. Step forward, step back, transfer the ball over your head from hand to hand.
- I.p.: o.s. on the steppe, the ball in the right hand. Bring your right (left) leg forward onto your toes before the step, at the same time bring your right (left) hand forward with the ball; return to IP, transfer the ball to the other hand.
- I.p.: o.s. the same movement is performed to the right (left) of the step.
- I.p.: o.s. The same back from the steppe.
- I.p.: o.s. on the steppe, arms to the sides, ball in the right hand. Lunge to the right (left) from the step, three swings, return to IP, transfer the ball to the other hand.
- I.p.: o.s. on the steppe, arms forward, ball in the right hand. Turn to the right (left), rising on your toes and moving your right (left) hand with the ball back. Return to IP, transfer the ball to the other hand.
- IP: the same. The same turn to the right (left), but place your foot on the step-board alternately. Turn right - right foot, turn left - left foot.
- I.p.: o.s. on the steppe. Lunge forward with your right (left) foot behind the step - board, arms forward, transfer the ball; return to IP
- I.p.: o.s. on the steppe, the ball in the right hand. Take your right (left) leg back beyond the step and place it on your toes; Raise your hands up, transfer the ball, return to IP.
- I.p.: o.s. before step, ball in right hand. Step onto the step, move the ball over your head; return to IP
- Run in place on a step board.
- I.p.: o.s. on the steppe, arms above your head, ball sandwiched between your palms. Spin around on your toes, while simultaneously “rubbing” the ball with your palms.
- Run around the step-board to the right and left.
- Repeat exercise. No. 14
- I.p.: o.s. on the steppe. Throwing a ball up and catching it after clapping.
- The same thing, sitting on a step board, legs to the sides.
- I.p.: o.s. on the steppe, the ball in the right hand. Toss the ball from hand to hand, shifting from foot to foot.
- I.p.: o.s. on the step board, the ball in the right hand. Jump - legs apart, behind the step in different directions; transfer the ball to the other hand; jump back into IP.
- Walking on the steppe, “rubbing” the ball in your palms.
I.p.: right foot is on the step, left on the floor to the left of the step, arms to the sides, ball in the left hand. Jump to change the position of your legs, transfer it to the other hand.
22. Repeat No. 20
23. Walking in place, on a step board.
24. Line up one at a time, put the ball in place.
25. Rebuilding in three sections to step boards. Take steppes.
26. Formation into a circle. Lay the step boards in a circle.
27. Walking in place on a step board.
28. Step back - forward.
29. An additional step to the right in a circle until returning to place.
Final part.
Music for relaxation.
Game – meditation “By the Lake”. The circle of steppes is a lake. Children “splash” in it, “cool down”, “splash”, put their feet down and relax
No. 2. Diagnostics and analysis of indicators.
Diagnostics are carried out twice a year according to the following criteria:
1.Gracefulness.
(high level - 3b.: the child performs all the exercises beautifully, gracefully; medium level - 2b.: the child performs the exercises with the help of the teacher; low level -1b.: the child cannot repeat the exercises after the teacher)
2. Flexibility indicators
(high level - 3 b.: when the child bends, the palms of his hands reach below the bench; medium level - 2b: the child reaches the bench with his palms; low level -1 b.: the child cannot reach the bench)
3. Speed - strength qualities
(high level - 3 b.: the child is active, quickly performs exercises; medium level - 2 b.: the child is less mobile, performs exercises with the help of a teacher; low level - 1 b.: the child is slow, requires constant help from the teacher)
4. Diagnosis of the respiratory system
(high level - 3 b.: the child completes all the exercises; medium level - 2 b.: the child performs the exercises with the help of the teacher; low level - 1 b.: the child cannot repeat the exercises after the teacher)
5. Morbidity
(high level - 3 b.: the child gets sick 0-1 times a year; medium level - 2b: the child gets sick 1-3 times a year; low level - 1 b.: the child gets sick 3 or more times a year)
No. 3. Step aerobics exercises
The first stage of work is warm-up walking, during which the body warms up and prepares it, including psychologically, for the upcoming loads. Warm up in the same way as in an aerobics complex. For the first 5 minutes, just walk in place, raising your knees high, without stepping onto the platform. Take a series of side steps from side to side (step-touch on the floor), your arms work like this - they are extended along the body, when you step forward, raise your arms up, when you step back, lower them to the starting position.
Step aerobics and platform stepping
For the next 5 minutes, step onto the platform alternately with your right and left foot, as if you were going up and down the stairs. This is a basic step aerobics and basic step.
After this, gently stretch the muscles of your back, hips, hamstrings, calves, buttocks and you can begin the main part of the lesson.
Aerobatics is step dance. Your task is to evenly load your legs and cardio system and at the same time burn a lot of calories and feel confident on the step.
Step aerobics exercise Step-up
Step your right foot onto the platform, place your left foot on your right toe, Looks like a step and a slight accent, return to the floor with your left foot, repeat the step with your left foot. Do not twist your pelvis during the exercise and do not walk on the step so that your heels hang off the platform during the exercise. Step-up is a step that does not give a high load. It is convenient to rest on it if you are too tired during work. He goes in the middle of each sequence when learning dance movements.
Step aerobics exercise Basic step
The already familiar imitation of steps on the stairs. Repeat it for as long as necessary, trying to keep your movements natural. There is no need to tilt your body when walking backwards on the steppe, bend your knees or jump if your body is not ready for this.
Step aerobics exercise Step-knee
Climb onto the platform as if you were doing a step-up, but do not put your left leg next to your right, but bend your knee and pull your knee towards your stomach. There is no need to twist the knee, let the leg be directed straight, and the body tends slightly forward when lifting the knee.
Step aerobics exercise Step – kick
Climb onto the platform with one foot, sharply throw the other forward simulating a blow
Step aerobics exercise Step-back
This exercise perfectly strengthens the buttocks in motion. Step onto the platform with one foot and lift the other leg back by tensing your buttocks.
Step aerobics exercise Step - kel
Step onto the step with your right foot, bend your left knee, pulling your heel towards your buttock, walk energetically and naturally without fussing or “hanging up”. This applies to all steps
Step aerobics exercise Vi-step
Alternately step on opposite corners of the platform with your feet, your legs moving as if along the upper corners of the English letter V
Step aerobics exercise Basic - over
Step your right foot onto the platform, place your left foot on it, step down from the back of the platform, turn to the left edge of the platform and repeat, returning to the starting position. This will cause you to crash. To make it more difficult, you can also rotate your arms upward.
Step aerobics exercise Mambo
The left foot is on the floor, the right one steps onto the step, puts a point and immediately takes a step back with the point. Repeat on both sides.
After the aerobic part is completed, stretch and start strength training.
Step aerobics exercise Push-ups from step
Kneel in front of the platform, place your palms on the platform, perform a series of 12-15 push-ups, repeat 3 times
Step aerobics exercise Step push-ups for triceps
The step will be placed on the third level, sit on the platform with your buttocks, then hang your buttocks from the platform and push up with the strength of your arm muscles. Your palms are parallel to each other, try not to help yourself with your legs, remember that the arm muscles work in this exercise.
Step aerobics exercise Lunge on step
Stand in front of the platform, step on level 3. Place your right foot on the platform, left foot on the floor on your toes. Perform 20 lunges on each leg, making sure your knee doesn't go past your toe.
Step aerobics exercise Lunge from step
Similar to the previous exercise, only the “back” leg is on the platform. Perform 20 times.
Step aerobics exercise Crunching with resistance
Place one “leg” of the step on the third level, one on the first. Lie on your back on the platform with your head down. Place your feet on the step and do 20 slow abdominal crunches, then 10 fast ones. Repeat the series 3 times, then change the position to the opposite and pull your legs bent at the knees to your chest in a similar manner
Step aerobics exercise Extensions
The step will sing exactly at the third level. Lie face down, arms and legs on the floor, rise up, lift your arms and legs off the floor and stretch them upward. Repeat the exercise 20 times, do 2 series.
After completing the strength complex, stretch the main muscle groups.
To strengthen the health of children Help optimize growth and development of the musculoskeletal system Increase performance and motor activity Form correct posture Promote the development and functional improvement of the respiratory, circulatory, cardiovascular and nervous systems Develop the need for systematic sports
To improve psychomotor abilities Develop motor qualities: muscle strength, endurance, speed, flexibility and coordination abilities Develop a sense of rhythm, ear for music, memory, attention, the ability to coordinate movements with music Develop a sense of self-confidence
The importance of step aerobics Persistent interest in physical education Developing confidence, orientation in space Developing general endurance Improving the accuracy of movements Developing physical qualities: agility, speed, strength, flexibility, plasticity Efficiency of physical activity
The program is built on generally accepted principles The principle of systematicity and consistency - continuity of material and its repetition The principle of gradualism The principle of individuality The principle of accessibility The principle of alternating load The principle of clarity The principle of consciousness and activity
Keep your shoulders turned, chest forward, buttocks tight, knees relaxed Avoid overexertion in the knee joints; Avoid excessive arching of the back Do not lean forward from the hip, lean with the whole body When lifting or lowering, always use a safe lifting method Facing, lift using your legs, not your back
Rules for the technique of performing step training Perform steps in the center of the step platform Place the entire sole of your foot on the step platform when ascending, and when descending, place your foot from toe to heel before taking the next step When descending from the step platform, remain standing close enough To her. Do not step back more than the length of your foot from the step platform Do not begin teaching children how to use their hands until they have mastered the movements of their legs perfectly Do not rise or fall from the step platform while standing with your back to it Take a step with ease, do not hit the step - platform feet
Classification of exercises: direction of vertical movement (up or down), steps up (Up Step), steps down (Down Step) of the leading leg from the same leg with a change of legs, presence or absence of rotational moment around the longitudinal axis, which allows you to divide elements into the following two types without rotation with rotation of the presence or absence of the support phase, which allows you to classify movements into steps, jumps and jumps
Why aerobics is useful for children, what are the disadvantages, how much classes cost and how to choose a section - read in our article.
The word “aerobics” is on everyone’s lips. A complex of rhythmic movements accompanied by dance music immediately appears. Many people perceive aerobics as a sport for adults, aimed at combating excess weight, and which eliminates figure flaws. In fact, anyone can do aerobics, including children. A set of aerobic exercises is beneficial for a growing body: it strengthens posture; improves immunity, respiratory and cardiovascular systems; forms a healthy musculoskeletal system and improves coordination of movements.
From what age
Aerobics is suitable for both small children and school-age children and teenagers. You can start doing it at any age, starting from 1 - 1.5 years. Exercises will be selected depending on age characteristics. For young children, activities in the form of games are possible.
Conventionally, age groups can be divided as follows: children under 3 years of age, preschool age and schoolchildren.
For the little ones, exercises should be simple: walking, squats. It is recommended to practice for no more than 10 minutes. For older children, the exercises may be more complex, incorporating strength and dance aerobics and lasting 20 to 30 minutes. You can add elements of yoga, step and exercises with objects, such as a ball or body bar.
Children usually do aerobics 1–2 times a week, older children 2–3 times.
Medical contraindications
Aerobics has virtually no contraindications. You can choose any combination of exercises in accordance with the child’s health condition and enroll in a specialized group. For example, high-impact exercises will be contraindicated for children with respiratory diseases, but swimming or yoga will be beneficial. General contraindications include only serious diseases of the heart, respiratory system, trauma, disorders of the musculoskeletal system, exacerbation of chronic, viral or infectious diseases.
Boys and girls
There is no gender division in aerobics. There is something for everyone here. Girls especially like rhythmic dance movements, and boys cope well with exercises that require endurance. It also happens the other way around. It all depends on the personality and physical capabilities of your child.
Dance aerobics develops body flexibility, a sense of rhythm, and strengthens muscles. Step aerobics is suitable for children of all ages. The exercises are performed using a special platform; for children it is small - up to 10 cm in height, on which various combinations of steps are performed. Children learn to maintain balance and navigate in space. Develops speed, strength and agility. Sports children's aerobics contains exercises that are found in gymnastics, but only those that do not contain complex acrobatic elements. You can engage in this type of exercise no earlier than 5 years. Sports aerobics develops flexibility, plasticity, strength and endurance. Children acquire correct posture and learn to control their body.
pros
The benefits of aerobics for children are enormous. With its help, you can accustom kids to an active lifestyle and distract them from the “street” or computers. At the same time, children improve their health, become stronger and communicate with like-minded peers.
Aerobics helps prevent diseases that come with a sedentary lifestyle - problems with excess weight or heart problems.
Preschoolers are easily excitable, and sports such as aerobics help direct their activity and excessive energy in the right direction.
Aerobics trains self-control. Older children are ready to handle more complex exercises. Thanks to this, such important qualities as endurance, effort and determination develop.
In terms of health, aerobics covers all important areas of the body:
- strengthens the muscular, skeletal and musculoskeletal systems;
- improves joint function;
- trains the respiratory system;
- increases immunity;
- forms correct posture;
- prevents flat feet due to the work of the muscles of the lower leg and foot and stagnant processes in the body;
- optimizes metabolism;
- improves coordination of movements, strength and endurance to physical activity;
- increases activity and cheerfulness.
Another advantage of aerobics is that it can be done outdoors. Moderate exercise in the fresh air is doubly beneficial.
For school-age children, aerobics helps relieve mental stress after school.
Minuses
Children's aerobics is a safe sport. However, before training you should warm up well to avoid injury, bruise or muscle strain. It is best to perform the exercises under the supervision of a qualified trainer, who will ensure that they are performed correctly. Again, you can injure yourself due to one wrong movement. In general, aerobics has much more advantages than disadvantages.
How much do classes cost?
Aerobics classes can cost from 250 to 950 rubles if you pay one time. You can purchase a monthly subscription. Prices range from 1,500 to 6,000 rubles depending on the region and type of institution. You will also have to spend money on comfortable shoes and clothes for classes. For shoes, Czech shoes are suitable, for clothes: a swimsuit for girls, shorts and a T-shirt for boys.
How to choose a section
Look on the Internet to see which fitness clubs or children's sports complexes located near your home offer aerobics classes. Read reviews, go to a trial lesson, talk to a trainer or other parents. Under no circumstances should he exercise if he doesn’t want to or is tired. Classes should be fun. It is important to interest him and make playing sports an exciting event. Then the child will only benefit from sports.
Let's sum it up
By introducing your child to aerobics from early childhood, you develop his interest in sports and a healthy lifestyle in general. By doing simple, sometimes even fun exercises, the child will grow up strong, cheerful, resilient, and with good immunity. Isn't this what every parent dreams of?
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Step aerobics is one of the simplest and most effective styles and areas of aerobics. Step aerobics develops mobility in the joints, forms the arch of the foot, trains balance, strengthens the muscular system, improves flexibility, plasticity, restores body tone, normalizes the activity of the cardiovascular system, helps develop good posture, beautiful, expressive and precise movements, promotes harmonious development.
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Step aerobics in kindergarten
One of the modern areas of physical education and health work with children of senior preschool age is aerobics classes aimed at preserving the health and developing the physical qualities of preschoolers and intensifying their motor activity.
Aerobics is a system of general developmental and dance exercises (the energy supply of which is carried out through the use of oxygen) performed with musical accompaniment, combined into a continuous complex, which is aimed at the functioning of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
Step aerobics is one of the simplest and most effective styles and areas of aerobics. Translated from English, “step” means “step.” Step aerobics is rhythmic movements up and down on a special step platform, the height of which varies depending on the level of difficulty of the exercises.
The use of step platforms is a new direction in health-improving work. The effectiveness of step training has been confirmed by the experience of correctional medical centers in Europe.
The step platform is a multifunctional equipment that provides solutions to general developmental and preventive problems.
Step aerobics develops mobility in the joints, forms the arch of the foot, trains balance, strengthens the muscular system, improves flexibility, plasticity, restores body tone, normalizes the activity of the cardiovascular system, helps develop good posture, beautiful, expressive and precise movements, promotes harmonious development .
Exercises for step aerobics are selected primarily of a cyclic nature (mainly walking, causing active activity of the circulatory and respiratory organs, enhancing metabolic processes, simple in their motor structure).
The set of exercises consists of a preparatory and main part. The preparatory part ensures that the body is warmed up and prepared for the main physical activity.
All exercises of the main part are performed on the step in a light dance rhythm with a small amplitude. The aerobics complex ends with breathing and relaxation exercises performed at a slow pace.
One complex of step aerobics, as a full lesson, is performed by children for three months; some exercises may change and become more complex as they are mastered. The step platform is used in a variety of ways:
as equipment for the formation of basic types of movements: running, walking, jumping, crawling;
for outdoor games;
for holding relay races;
for performing rhythmic compositions, dance movements;
for individual and independent motor activity.
It is best to start training by showing and explaining the simplest exercises.
Gradually complicating the complex, you can move on to learning more difficult movements that involve several joints and muscle groups, parts of the body.
Demonstration and explanations should not take too long to learn, as this reduces the effectiveness and interest in classes. It is better to show the movements and emphasize the correct technique for performing them than to spend additional time on training.
To avoid mistakes in training, it is necessary to carry out the educational and training process according to a certain methodology.
1. Similarity method. When selecting several exercises, one theme, direction of movement or style of movement is taken as a basis.
2. Complication method. A certain logical sequence of teaching exercises, gradually complicating the exercises due to new details: changing the tempo of movement, changing the rhythm, introducing new details, changing the technique of performing the movement, preliminary performing the movement with each part of the body separately, and then combining them in one exercise.
3. Repetition method.
4. Method of musical interpretation.
Designing exercises taking into account the basics of musical literacy. Strong and weak beats can be reflected by movements (claps, jumping, stomping, etc.)
5. Block method. Combining different previously learned exercises into a choreographic combination.
6. "California style." Comprehensive manifestation of the requirements for the methods outlined above. Before performing blocks, each exercise is learned gradually (complication method), and then the main exercises are combined into blocks and performed with movement in different directions.
Thus, the use in work practice of physical education classes based on step aerobics, based on taking into account the age characteristics of preschool children, will increase the efficiency of the physical education process.
Game tasks on the steps
“Birds on a branch” - squatting on the steppe.
“Weather vane on the roof” - circling in both directions on the steppe. One arm is moved to the side.
“Airplane” - standing on the steppe, legs together, arms to the sides at shoulder height, hands - the wings of an airplane, which, when flying, tilts first to the right, then to the left.
"Penguins" - jumping, jumping onto the step.
“Throw the ball” - pair exercise. Throwing the ball while standing on the steps.
“Stork on the roof” - stand on one leg with open eyes.
“The Steadfast Tin Soldier” - stand on the steppe on one leg, the other is bent at the knee, laid back.
“Freeze frame” - imitation of photographic images (variants).
“Egyptian step” - standing on the step (along the length of the step) - the toe of one foot touches the heel of the other.
“Giant” - standing on your toes on the steppe, stretch your arms up.
“Crane” - standing on the steppe, feet shoulder-width apart, hands to shoulders, extended forward. Raise your right leg, bent at the knee, touch your knee to your left elbow, return to the standing position. the same with the left foot.
“Dragonfly” - standing on the steppe on your toes, hands on your belt, elbows back.
Outdoor games using steps
"Penguins on an Ice Floe"
Children - “penguins” run freely around the hall. Steppes - “ice floes” stand in random order on the floor. The driving child, the “hunter,” is trying to catch the “penguins” and stain them. If a “penguin” climbs onto an ice floe, that is, stands on a steppe, it is not allowed to catch it.
"Corners"
Children - mice are in their houses - corners (standing on the steppes). One of the players remaining in the middle comes up to one of them and says:
"Mouse, mouse, sell me your corner"
The child refuses, the driver goes to another child. At this time, the mice change places, and the driver tries to take the vacant seat. If this succeeds, the one left without a corner takes its place in the circle. If the driver fails to occupy the corner for a long time, at the signal “cat!”, everyone simultaneously changes places. Mice should not sit in their corner for a long time before running, you can negotiate with the one with whom you want to change places.
"Circus Horses"
The circle of step steps is a circus arena. Children walk around the steps, raising their knees high (“like horses in training”), then at a signal they switch to running with their knees raised high, then to walking and when the music stops they take a step (“stall”, there should be 2-3 fewer steps number of children). The game is repeated 3 times.
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