ethnocultural organizations. Ethnocultural organizations can act more effectively than political parties

Multinationality of Russia. Most regions of Russia are multi-ethnic communities (for example, 120 nationalities live in Moscow, 113 nationalities live in the Republic of Buryatia, 119 nationalities live in the North Caucasus, etc.). In this regard, regionalism is a natural, organic principle of the territorial organization of ethno-cultural processes. Manifested in customs, types of mentality, cultural features (for example, the "Siberian character", the culture of Siberia), it is determined by a common identity, culture, history, geography. The cultural development of the regions presupposes the revival and development of the national cultures of all the ethnic groups inhabiting the region, and sets serious tasks in the field of the development of languages ​​and national education.

The relevance of ethnocultural centers. (Further, the ethnic cultural center - EKC). The system of (ethnic orientation) socio-cultural institutions is demanded for life by dynamically changing socio-economic and political conditions. The crisis state of society causes crises of national relations, especially manifested chauvinistic and national extremist sentiments, inhumane actions towards national minorities, migrants in society. Weaken and prevent them are capable of socio-cultural institutions of ethno-cultural orientation, which are an expanded system that includes national representations, national-cultural autonomies, centers, associations, fraternities, unions, etc. Regulatory documents that mark the mission of ethnic culture in the development of the cultural diversity of Russia, which is the subject of intercultural interaction and communication, providing peoples with the right to preserve and develop their national identity, and organic entry into the world community, as well as the role of specialists in ethnocultural activities in these processes:

• - National Doctrine of Education (2000),
• - "The concept of modernization of Russian education until 2010",
• - Federal target program "Culture of Russia for 2006-2010",
• - Materials of the meeting of the State Council of the Russian Federation (2006),
• - The concept of development of education in the field of culture and art for 2008-2015 (2008),
• - The concept of development of universities of culture and arts of the Russian Federation (for the period up to 2010) (2007) and others.

Normative documents and programs of the UN and UNESCO:

• - "The concept of sustainable development",
• - "Recommendations for the preservation of folklore",
• - "Masterpieces of the oral and intangible heritage of the peoples of the world", etc. Documents that ensure the participation of socio-cultural institutions in the formation of future specialists:
• - Federal Law No. 156-FZ of November 27, 2002 "On Employers' Associations" (as amended on December 1, 2007);
• - Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 21, 2005 No. 36 “Rules for the development, approval and implementation of the State Educational Standards for software, providing for the participation of employers in their development”;
• - Order of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated 30.12. 2004 No. 152 on the establishment of a council for state educational standards for vocational education with the introduction of representatives of employers' associations into it;
• - Letter of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated November 12, 2004 No. AS-827 / 03 “On the mechanism for amending the existing State Educational Standards of the Higher Professional Education, taking into account the requirements of employers”;
• - Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 24, 2008 No. 1015 “On approval of the rules for the participation of employers in the development and implementation of state policy in the field of vocational education”, etc.

Socio-cultural institutions of ethnic orientation are organized associations of people. Institutes of the socio-cultural sphere are a numerous network of institutions that provide cultural activities, the processes of creating, disseminating and mastering cultural values, as well as the inclusion of people in a certain subculture that is adequate for them. These include institutions dealing with the preservation and development of ethnic culture, creating conditions for the population to meet ethnic needs and interests.

ECC as a socio-cultural institution of ethno-cultural orientation - represent associations of people that perform socially significant functions of preserving and developing the traditional culture of an ethnic group, ensuring the joint achievement of goals based on the fulfillment by members of the ethnic group of their social roles, set by ethno-cultural values, norms and patterns of behavior in a multi-ethnic community.

An ethno-cultural association is a voluntary, self-governing association of citizens - representatives of an ethnic community living in a different ethnic environment and exercising the right to national and cultural self-determination, which is created in order to preserve national and cultural identity, develop national self-consciousness, language, education, customs and rituals.

Ethno-cultural associations, being the regulators of the national cultural policy in the regions, act as a special institution of civil society, capable of attracting ethnic diasporas to participate in solving the problems of society, and a modern cultural institution that organizes educational, cultural, educational, leisure and other activities of the multi-ethnic population.

Types of ethnic associations.

According to the implementation, priority areas and forms of work, ethnocultural associations can be classified as:

• 1) powerful ethno-national cultural centers created in the largest economic regions by a national minority that has its own state formation outside the region of residence (for example, Tatars, Bashkirs, Buryats, etc.);
• 2) fraternities, national associations of people deprived of their class: Cossacks, representatives of ethnic identity with their own cultural tradition (for example, Old Believers);
• 3) ethno-cultural centers for the revival and preservation of the cultural traditions of small peoples; centers "Revival of the small Motherland"; cultural centers of the spiritual direction, etc.

1) ethno-connotated institutions: social communities (ethnos, ethnic groups, ethnic diasporas, etc.); specialized institutions (ethno-cultural associations, national cultural centers, Houses of Nationalities, Houses of Friendship of Peoples, houses and centers of folklore, houses of crafts, children's centers of folk culture, etc.). Their essence lies in the integrative potential, in uniting efforts to educate the ethnic self-awareness of the individual, his tolerant attitude towards the multi-ethnic community, in organizing joint, coordinated and coordinated.

Regional and municipal models of ethnocultural revival.

One of these models is national-cultural autonomy - a form of extraterritorial public self-determination of ethnic communities, acting in order to independently resolve issues of preserving identity, developing language, education, and national culture. Currently, there are 14 federal and more than 300 regional and local national-cultural autonomies in Russia. The largest number of national-cultural autonomies were created by Germans (68 in 24 subjects of the Russian Federation), Tatars (63), Jews (29), Armenians (18), Ukrainians and other ethnic groups. Their activities are coordinated by the Advisory Council for National-Cultural Autonomies under the Government of the Russian Federation (2002). Basic forms of activity. These include: the creation of public theatres, cultural centers, museums, libraries, clubs, studios, archives, etc.; organization of creative unions and groups of professional and amateur art, circles; holding mass events in the field of national culture (festivals, competitions, reviews, exhibitions, etc.). Ethnocultural activity is a complex set of various activities (cognitive, artistic and creative, pedagogical, design, technological, expert, etc.) aimed at: preserving and developing folk art culture; organization of cultural and leisure activities of an ethnic association; development of national consciousness and national identity of members of the diaspora population of the region; for ethno-pedagogical activities, which ensure the involvement of the younger generation in ethnic culture. The concept of "professional ethnocultural activity" is reduced to the content of the specialist's activity, to the totality of the functions performed by him in the ethnocultural center (organizational and managerial, artistic and creative, projective, pedagogical, etc.). The professional activity of a specialist is a complex, hierarchically built, multifunctional, multi-level and dynamically developing structure with great opportunities for wide switching from one function to another and levels of professional activity. The optimal and most useful activity of ethno-cultural associations is manifested in the solution of various socio-cultural problems related to issues of cultural self-determination and the development of one's ethnic group; - implementation of goals aimed at establishing interethnic, intercultural contact, fostering ethnic tolerance.

The main functions of the ECC are to form ethnic self-consciousness, ethnic identification, ethnic stereotypes of the representatives of the diaspora by means of ethnic history and culture, language, emotional closeness with the ethnic community;

Ethnic socialization through a system of successive ties in a team of different ages;

• - creating a favorable ethno-social environment for the ethnic group in a multi-ethnic environment, through active participation in the cultural life of the region;
• - ethno-consolidating functions of members of an ethnic group, creating conditions for maintaining a cultural distance between peoples in order to prevent cultural and everyday assimilation;
• - atmospheres for relieving tension in interethnic relations, their harmonization and prevention of interethnic conflicts; support and protection of the individual in a crisis society.

The socio-cultural potential of ethno-cultural associations is enormous and goes beyond the purely ethnic aspect. The associations actualize the civic activity of members of the diaspora in the form of environmental, cultural, religious movements, participation in the implementation of targeted regional programs for the revival and development of ethnic groups, etc.

UDC 329.734

The issue of the participation of ethnic public associations in the national security system of the country is one of the most urgent today. The current situation in the Russian Federation and in the world has determined the most urgent task - the search for more effective approaches to ensuring the national security of the state. According to the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2020, extremist activities of national, ethnic organizations aimed at violating the unity and territorial integrity of the Russian Federation, destabilizing the internal political and social situation in the country are an internal threat. However, not a single legal act contains a clear explanation why ethnic public associations are a threat to Russia's national security. It should be noted that the participation of interethnic NGOs can contribute to the resolution of conflicts, problems and contradictions in the field of national relations.

As V. N. Korolev rightly notes: “The aggravation of the threat to Russia’s national security from international terrorism and extremism requires state authorities to find new ways to counteract them, which in modern conditions involves establishing close cooperation with citizens and public associations” . The active participation of interethnic public associations can change the current situation for the better.

The non-state system for ensuring national security is an integral component of the overall system for ensuring national security. National-cultural autonomies are considered to be one of the forms of manifestation of social activity, designed to ensure interaction between citizens and authorities. The activities of these associations are regulated by the Federal Law No. 74 “On National-Cultural Autonomy”. According to this legal act, national-cultural autonomy is understood as a form of national-cultural self-determination, which is a public association of citizens of the Russian Federation who identify themselves with certain ethnic communities, on the basis of their voluntary self-organization in order to independently resolve issues of preserving identity, developing the language, education, national culture. These organizations are an actual form of expression of the collective will of a part of a multinational state. They can be fully considered as full-fledged elements of the emerging civil society in Russia, but their role in ensuring national security, unfortunately, is not indicated. Thus, the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2020, the Concept of Public Security of the Russian Federation, Federal Law No. 74 “On National-Cultural Autonomy” do not contain clauses implying the participation of these autonomies in ensuring the national security of Russia. Thus, it is necessary to work out the mechanisms that regulate the activities of ethnic public associations in the field of ensuring the national security of the country.

To determine the role of national public associations in the national security system of Russia, it is necessary to analyze the activities of these organizations.

The functioning of national public associations on the territory of the Russian Federation includes many directions. We can distinguish the following of them that affect the socio-cultural aspects of national security: holding round tables, charitable activities, printing periodicals, holding concerts, various “days of culture”, participation of representatives of national public organizations in public councils of executive authorities, and much more. However, the main task of these areas of activity of national associations is reduced to the removal of interethnic tension through the inclusion of group ethnic interests in social processes. V. V. Arkov rightfully believes that one of the priority areas in their work is the need to form a positive image of the Other in the consciousness of their ethnic group, tolerant and respectful perception of representatives of a different culture, civilization.

The role of public national-cultural associations as an institution of civil society is primarily determined by the need to solve the national-cultural problems of ethnic communities. One should agree with the point of view of V. N. Gulyakhin that the solution of interethnic problems is a priority in the political life of the country. In this regard, the role of the institution of public national-cultural associations in ensuring the national security of the country has acquired particular relevance. National-cultural associations are an agent of socialization for internally displaced persons, refugees, migrants. In addition, they initiate the development of new directions of the national policy of the Russian Federation.

The productivity of national NGOs is determined, first of all, by the extent to which they can express the interests of a particular ethnic group, bring them to the attention of state authorities and law enforcement agencies, etc. It is really functioning national-cultural public associations that are able to help maintain interethnic harmony and formation of interethnic tolerance.

National public organizations are increasingly coming up with the most important social initiatives, together with authorities and business representatives, are involved in solving urgent social problems. A. Z. Suleimanov notes that at the same time they take on the role of objective critics of the shortcomings of the state system, the role of a link between the state and society.

An analysis of the activities of regional national public associations will make it possible to identify their contribution to the prevention of potential internal threats to national security, as well as to determine the negative aspects of the functioning of a number of such organizations.

Interethnic relations are topical issues of socio-cultural policy for cities with a multi-ethnic composition of the population, since the ethno-social factor is very significant for ensuring national security. Such cities include Volgograd, where representatives of different ethnic communities lived together for centuries. In this regard, there is a growing public need for the implementation of a well-thought-out, balanced policy in the field of managing the ethno-cultural diversity of the population of the hero city of Volgograd. The implementation of the national-ethnic policy of Volgograd is impossible without the participation of national public organizations.

One of the most representative national-cultural autonomies of the Volgograd region is the “Azerbaijani national-cultural autonomy of the city of Volgograd”. Autonomy in its activities is based on the following principles:

Variety of forms of internal organization;

Self-organization and self-government;

Free expression of the will of citizens when referring themselves to the Azerbaijani ethnic community;

Combinations of public initiatives with state support;

Respect for the language, culture, traditions and customs of other ethnic communities;

legality;

Formation of civil consciousness, harmony and peace in the multinational Russian society.

This organization provides social assistance, employment assistance, material support not only to its fellow countrymen, but also to residents of the city of Volgograd. In addition, the "Azerbaijani national-cultural autonomy of the city of Volgograd" participates in the public life of the region: they help orphanages, provide humanitarian support to the sister city of Sevastopol, lay down new parks, alleys, recreation areas, plant trees throughout the region.

The most active influence on the socio-political situation and interethnic relations in the Volgograd region is the public organization "House of Friendship". It is an initiative group, which includes Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Jews, Azerbaijanis, Udins, Ossetians, Koreans, Dagestanis, and others. The "House of Friendship" has proved to be a consolidating link in the region's multi-ethnic environment, which contributes to the development and harmonization of interethnic relations in line with the formation of civic identity - finding supranational values ​​common to the entire Russian society. Unique opportunities for influencing the socio-political processes of the region are seen in the presence of its own radio and the magazine "House of Friendship". Among other forms of activity, one can single out the organization of charity concerts, holding conferences and other events aimed at uniting representatives of various ethnic groups. The presence of a large number of partners in the implementation of joint projects indicates the powerful potential of the organization in the process of strengthening friendship between the peoples of the entire Southern Federal District. Among the organizations cooperating in one way or another with the "House of Friendship" are federal and regional authorities, international organizations, cultural and educational organizations, national public associations of Volgograd and the region, business partners, as well as the media. The activities of the organization are constantly expanding. It provides assistance to orphanages, veterans of war and labor, low-income families, organizes KVN, sports competitions among national associations of the region. International teams of the "House of Friendship" often perform in other republics and regions of Russia.

It should be noted that even despite the fact that Volgograd is in the tail among the cities of Russia in terms of the quality of life of the population, the activities of the NGO "House of Friendship" have a beneficial effect on the national-ethnic policy of the Volgograd region and contribute to strengthening national security. The absence of serious inter-ethnic conflicts is a vivid example of this.

The next subject of the Russian Federation, where a significant number of representatives of different ethnic communities live, is the Republic of Tatarstan.

According to the statistics of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census, in percentage terms, the interethnic situation in the Republic of Tatarstan is as follows:

Tatars - 53.2%;

Russians - 39.7%;

Chuvash - 3.1%;

Udmurts - 0.6%;

Mari, Mordovians, Ukrainians - 0.5%;

Bashkirs - 0.3%;

Azerbaijanis, Armenians, Tajiks, Uzbeks - 0.2%;

Belarusians, Jews, Germans - 0.1%;

Kazakhs - 0.05%;

Georgians - 0.04%;

Kyrgyz - 0.03%;

Representatives of other nationalities - 0.3%;

Persons who did not indicate nationality - 0.15%.

Undoubtedly, the Republic of Tatarstan has a multinational and multiethnic composition, so there is a need for a policy in the field of interethnic and interethnic regulation.

V. V. Semenov notes that the ethno-cultural interests of the Tatar people are represented by the two most influential national public organizations - the World Congress of Tatars and the Federal National Cultural Autonomy of the Tatars. . These public-national associations conduct not only mass cultural and organizational work in a number of regions, but are also official representatives of the Tatar population of the R-Russian Federation. For example, the Federal National Cultural Autonomy of Tatars interacts with representatives of the legislative and executive authorities of the Republic of Tatarstan, with representatives of federal and regional departments, as well as with the largest Tatar public formations. The activities of these public associations are aimed at expanding the network of institutions of national culture, science, educational institutions, and the media. Thus, such associations have a significant impact on the socio-political, economic, spiritual life of a certain part of society. All this undoubtedly has a positive impact on the ethno-cultural development of the Tatars, as well as the national security of the country.

The national-ethnic policy of the Republic of Tatarstan is built on the constructive interaction between state and ethnic NGOs, which, of course, is a very good example of building elements of civil society. Thus, over the past two decades, a lot of work has been done to stabilize ethnic relations in the region. A striking example of the work done is the creation of a powerful material base - the "House of Friendship of the Peoples of Tatarstan" in Kazan. The purpose of the functioning of the Institution is to provide state support to ethnic NGOs that are part of the Association of National Cultural Societies of Tatarstan. This contributed to the solution of ethnic problems not only of the Tatar and Russian peoples, but also of other peoples living in the Republic of Tatarstan. Naturally, the experience of this subject of the Russian Federation in the sphere of regulation of ethnic relations is important and feasible for the regions of the country.

Having studied the experience of the functioning of ethnic public organizations in a number of regions of the Russian Federation, it should be noted that the main activity of these organizations in the field of national security is the organization and holding of events that contribute to the strengthening of international peace and harmony. The activities of the national associations discussed above are primarily aimed at integrating the represented ethnic groups into the all-Russian socio-cultural space, as well as establishing mutual understanding with the local environment where this or that NPO operates. In addition, the most favorable conditions are provided for the comprehensive spiritual and cultural development of certain national groups, contacts are being established with representatives of ethnic groups in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, newspapers and magazines are published in Russian and languages ​​of other peoples. In the course of their activities, national-cultural public associations interact with representatives of their ethnic group, with other national associations, with government institutions, with business representatives, which often helps to prevent interethnic conflicts and strengthen the national security of the country.

However, not all national public associations contribute to strengthening national security. Ethnic diasporas often conflict with representatives of other nationalities. For example, in the Central Federal District, the Azzeros FNKP, which unites more than 5 million Muslims, is in conflict with representatives of the Armenian diaspora. E. A. Kitaigorodtsev cites the facts of distribution by representatives of the Azerbaijani diaspora of the documentary film "Armenian fascism", inciting anti-Armenian sentiments. The reasons for these interethnic contradictions can be attributed to miscalculations in the work of the authorities.

In addition, N. V. Grushko and P. V. Kozlovsky note that recently in a number of regions of the Russian Federation there have been cases of initiating criminal cases against representatives of public organizations.

For example, the Moscow Regional Court saw signs of extremism in the activities of the Interregional Public Association "Spiritual and Ancestral Power of Rus'". According to the court, they manifested themselves in the following features: the presence of an aggressive reaction, the use of various types of violent actions, the ideological security of activities, publicity, illegality, corporatism.

Of course, such activities of ethnic NGOs undermine national security. It should be emphasized that the problem of extremism in public associations, national-cultural autonomies and religious organizations is complex. First of all, due to the fact that the appearance of extremist sentiments and actions is generated by different reasons: they are caused by a complex of various phenomena of a sociocultural and economic nature. It is well known that under certain conditions even a separate social group can play a significant role in carrying out serious anti-state changes. M. K. Archakov believes that the use of criteria for diagnosing various extremist-minded public organizations will make it possible to more clearly identify manifestations of extremism in their activities and will greatly facilitate the task of timely response of all subjects of anti-extremist activity to a potential threat to Russia's national security.

Determining the role of ethnic NGOs in the national security system of the Russian Federation as a whole, it is worth noting that they are one of the most active institutions of civil society. Thus, V. N. Gulyakhin notes that the projects of interethnic interaction they have been carrying out in recent years make it possible to effectively maintain a stable situation in the sphere of interethnic relations in most regions of the Russian Federation.

State authorities and national-cultural autonomies should have a common goal - the strengthening of statehood, which implies the need for fruitful joint work. The activities of ethnic public associations in the national security system of the country will be positive if these organizations participate in the implementation of programs at the federal, regional and municipal levels, as well as in solving significant problems in the field of interethnic relations, in the prevention and resolution of interethnic conflicts. For example, participation in interstate and interregional cooperation, as well as in the negotiation process, are effective measures to prevent and resolve tensions in interethnic relations. The activities of national-cultural associations should cover as many representatives of various nationalities living in the city as possible. They need to identify formal and informal leaders in order to know with whom to contact if it is necessary to resolve an ethnic conflict. It is through the leaders of national public associations that one can seek and find ways to resolve potential conflict situations. In turn, government officials need to stimulate cultural associations of citizens in order to prevent threats to national security. For example, you can initiate the holding of international festivals and holidays.

Thus, the state authorities, uniting the diasporas, regulate their relations with other public organizations and associations, thereby contributing to civil peace and harmony. Determining the role of ethnic public associations in the national security system of the Russian Federation as a whole, it should be noted that they have great potential to achieve democratization, as well as to prevent social conflicts and harmonize interethnic relations. Their activity in resolving the problems of a certain part of the population contributes, for example, to the successful adaptation of migrants and the formation of a comfortable ethnic background in the region. The use of the positive experience of national-cultural NGOs will make it possible to more successfully implement the national and migration policy of each subject of the Russian Federation, thereby contributing to the strengthening of Russia's national security.

The ethno-cultural center - the center of the traditional culture of the peoples of Russia - should form its own positive image, attracting public opinion to its side. The formation of a positive image can be facilitated by the establishment of prizes and prizes for organizations and citizens supporting the institution, as well as the establishment of partnerships and relationships with various social, political and other organizations. Today, a cultural and leisure institution remains a mass and accessible means of introducing people to culture, developing their spiritual potential, a center for organizing holidays, and preserving their own folk culture. The priority direction in the activities of the center should be the development of interethnic relations, cultural exchange not only in Russia, but also abroad at the international level. The participation of folk art groups of centers in republican, interregional, all-Russian, international festivals, holidays allows not only to demonstrate the richness, uniqueness and diversity of the culture of the peoples of Russia, but also contributes to the development of cultural exchange, the preservation of friendly relations, interethnic cooperation, the formation and strengthening of a positive image of cultural activities the whole society. In this regard, ethno-cultural institutions can use a different arsenal of professional forms of cultural work, for example, create a National Costume Gallery with a permanent lecture hall, where samples of the national clothes of the peoples of Russia will be collected; hold photo exhibitions of folk costumes; organize a workshop for tailoring the Dagestan national costume, hats, shoes, making jewelry, etc., where costumes will be sewn not only for the folklore creative teams of the region, but also for the villagers, which will attract children and youth to the study of primordial crafts, traditions of decorative and applied arts, will serve to preserve the folk costume, the cultural development of the village; to organize circles, schools of artistic skill under the guidance of experienced craftsmen to train young people in order to preserve and popularize traditional folk art crafts in places where certain types of traditional folk crafts exist; create workshops for the manufacture of musical instruments, teaching this art to children and youth will serve to preserve the continuity of generations with an exposition of folk musical instruments, where you can conduct master classes with the participation of master makers, famous musicians who own the secrets of instrumental skill and playing them, and many others . ; the creation of a cultural project "Books - cultural memory", which will help preserve the history and traditions of the village, the memory of the people, the personalities who glorified their village, left their mark on Russian culture, arouse interest and desire to study the multinational culture of the peoples of Russia. This activity will serve to patriotic education, the formation of high moral criteria and aesthetic tastes, the establishment of universal moral values, the unification of generations, and will contribute to the involvement of the younger generation in collecting material about the history of the village, its past and present, carriers of folk traditions, masters of arts and crafts. arts that are the property of national culture, as well as works of oral folk art (legends, sayings, parables, legends, etc.). Holding holidays of friendship, folk costume, national instrument, crafts and folk crafts "Rural Compound", "Songs and Dances of My People" and other traditional holidays, festivals with the participation of people from the village and many others, may also have a tourist attraction, become objects of acquaintance with ethnic culture, natural attractions of the village, district. The implementation of such artistic and creative projects will contribute to the preservation of the traditional artistic heritage of peoples, the development of ethno-tourism. Cultural tourism, in turn, will become a powerful lever in the financial support of artistic heritage, an incentive for the development of folk crafts and crafts, and will give a new impetus to the preservation of folklore groups, because performances of folklore groups, demonstration of a unique ethnic culture are among the points of attraction for tourists.

Ethnocultural centers - cultural and leisure institutions are designed to carry out: information support, coordination of creative activities, enrichment of intermunicipal and interethnic cultural dialogue, by holding events within the framework of cultural exchange (festivals, tours of creative teams in villages, neighboring regions, cities, exhibitions, etc. .), systematic study of socio-cultural problems, issues of demand for cultural and leisure services by the population, the state of activity of cultural and leisure institutions of the village, district. Cultural workers need to improve the quality of the activities of cultural and leisure institutions, as centers of interethnic cultural cooperation between the peoples of Russia, to attract and develop the cultural potential of the population, creating a positive image of their village, people.

An example of such an ethno-cultural center is the Volgograd regional public organization Cossack ethno-cultural complex "Heritage".

The purpose of this ethnocultural center is to:

• - Preservation and revival of traditional national culture;
• - Association of Cossack youth;
• - Cultural and educational activities. Organization of recreation;
• - Education and development of aesthetic, moral and spiritual qualities, by familiarizing with the Cossack culture;
• - Enlightenment in the field of history, Orthodoxy, the national language "Gutor", culture and traditions of the Cossacks:
• - Creation of conditions for the physical and volitional development of the individual.

Activities:

• A) educational center:
  • - Orthodoxy;
  • - Story;
  • - Ethnography;
  • - Ethnolinguistics;
  • - Folklore;
• B) military sports center:
  • - Parachute training;
  • - Tourist school;
  • - Fundamentals of sambo, hand-to-hand combat
  • - military-tactical training.
• C) folklore and ethnographic studio:
  • - Reconstruction of Cossack rituals;
  • - The study of the singing traditions of the Cossacks;
  • - Household choreography;
  • - Folklore theatre;
  • - Folklore ensemble.
• D) center for design and applied arts:
  • - Production of thematic souvenirs, household items;
  • - Making jewelry;
  • - Ragdoll.
• E) the center of traditional Cossack clothing:
  • - The history of the Cossack costume;
  • - Tailoring of the national clothes of the Cossacks, as well as its transformation into modern conditions (showing models, tailoring. Realization).

In addition to Russian national organizations, numerous and most active public associations in the region are: German, Tatar, Armenian, Chechen, Jewish, Dagestan, Ukrainian, Kazakh, Korean, etc.

The cultural autonomy of the Germans was established in 1997. Its creation was the result of a ten-year development of the movement of Russian Germans in the Volgograd region. Having united in a national-cultural autonomy, the Russian Germans, with the support of the regional and municipal administrations, began to focus on the development of national culture and language, and especially in areas densely populated by Germans. A German national cultural center was opened in the city of Kamyshin, classes and electives with in-depth study of the German language, and national art groups were created in schools. Celebrations of German culture have become traditional. A good base for this was the State Historical and Ethnographic Museum-Reserve "Old Sarepta" in the Krasnoarmeisky district of Volgograd, which is the embodiment of the living history of the German colonists of the Volga region. There is a center of German culture, a Sunday school for adults, and other programs.

The regional national-cultural autonomy of the Tatars of Volgograd and the Volgograd region was formed in 1999. This organization is actively working to develop the cultural traditions of the Tatar people, to organize national holidays - Sabantuy, Eid al-Adha, Ramadan.

The regional national-cultural autonomy of citizens of Ukrainian nationality in the Volgograd region was established in 2002. The organization was created to unite the efforts of Ukrainians in order to preserve and develop Ukrainian culture, language, protect the rights and interests of its members, establish real equality between Ukrainians and the indigenous population, and strengthen friendship between nations.

The Volgograd regional public organization "Kazakhstan" was established in 2000 and represents the interests of over 50 thousand Kazakhs of the region, living compactly in the Pallasovsky, Staropoltavsky, Nikolaevsky, Leninsky and Bykovsky districts. The purpose of the organization: protection of civil, economic and cultural rights and freedoms of people of Kazakh nationality living in the region. The organization develops the cultural traditions of Kazakhs who have applied for help in solving social problems, supports Kazakh students, and conducts cultural work among them. The organization is in contact with the representative office of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Astrakhan. In 2011, the non-profit organization Charitable Foundation "Heritage of Kazakhstan" was established and is already actively operating.

Volgograd Regional Public Organization "Armenian Community" was founded in 1997. The main goals of the organization are the protection of civil, economic, social and cultural rights of citizens, as well as the preservation and study of the cultural and historical heritage of Armenians. With the assistance of the Armenian organizations of the region, the Church of St. George was built in Volgograd. Active social and charitable activities are carried out. In 2007, a regional branch of the all-Russian organization "Union of Armenians of Russia" was established. The work of these organizations makes a significant contribution to maintaining the traditions and customs of the Armenian people in the Volgograd region, maintaining international peace and harmony, strengthening cultural and economic ties between the Volgograd region and the Republic of Armenia.

Volgograd city public charitable organization "Jewish Community Center" was established in 1999 to preserve and disseminate the traditions, ethno-cultural and religious heritage of the Jewish people, to meet the public need for charity and mercy. The Jewish Community Center is the founder of educational institutions - the secondary school "Or Avner" and the kindergarten "Gan Geula". The center carries out a great cultural work. The organization promotes its work in the newspaper "Shofar Povolzhya".

Volgograd regional public organization "Dagestan" was registered in 1999. The main goal of the organization is the implementation and protection of civil, economic, social and cultural freedoms of citizens of the Russian Federation - representatives of the peoples of Dagestan living in the territory of the Volgograd region. The Dagestan community pays special attention to religious holidays. On the initiative of this organization, volleyball and mini-football competitions are held, in which teams of different ages from representatives of different nationalities participate. A traditional mass cultural event was a big concert held in January in the Central Concert Hall of Volgograd, dedicated to the Day of the Republic of Dagestan.

Koreans began to unite in our region in 2001, when the National Cultural Autonomy of Koreans in Volgograd was created, its main task is to revive the language, cultural traditions and customs among Korean youth. Most Koreans are engaged in the cultivation of vegetables and melons, as well as the production and sale of Korean salads. At the initiative of the organization, the Independence Day of Korea was held for several years, when a regional festival of Korean culture was held in Volgograd with the invitation of professional artists. Now the Volgograd regional public organization "Center for Mutual Assistance of Koreans" and the Volgograd regional public organization "Association of Volgograd Koreans" operate in Volgograd.

Officially registered national associations carry out a wide range of activities in the territory of the Volgograd region, which have a number of main directions.

Firstly, this is an organizational direction: the unification of representatives of a particular ethnic group within one community, the allocation of a leadership apparatus that coordinates the activities of community members and establishes interaction with authorities and other national organizations. Largely due to this cooperation in the region, it is possible to maintain a favorable, peaceful environment in the sphere of interethnic relations and national security.

Secondly, the social direction: assistance to representatives of their ethnic group in difficult life situations, economic support, accelerating the adaptation of migrants temporarily staying or residing on the territory of the Volgograd region, charitable assistance.

Thirdly, this is a human rights area: providing legal support, assistance in the preparation and collection of documents, assistance in obtaining citizenship.

Fourthly, educational and cultural, focused on the preservation and maintenance of traditions, identity, language of a given ethnic community. In many ways, this activity is aimed not only at preserving their own traditions, but also at intercultural exchange, the development of tolerance in society.

Undoubtedly, all the listed activities of national public organizations are creative and contribute to the stabilization of the situation in the region, the development of tolerance, the preservation of cultural wealth and diversity of the Volgograd region

The results of these events objectively contribute to the formation of a positive image of the respective national communities in the public opinion of the population of the region. Each of the organizations brings together a fairly large number of residents of the Volgograd region of various nationalities. National public organizations of the Volgograd region are a significant factor that has a significant impact on the socio-political situation in the region. It should be noted that in addition to the direct organizers, citizens of various nationalities, representing the asset of the relevant public associations, took part in the above-mentioned events. This trend in the activities of the NGO indicates their interest in strengthening interethnic peace and harmony, raising the level of interethnic tolerance, developing mutual understanding between residents of the Volgograd region of different nationalities.

And so we conclude: the traditional culture of ethnic groups, due to its most important characteristics, has enduring universal significance. In the activities of ethno-cultural centers, it consolidates the most significant material and spiritual achievements of the peoples, acts as the custodian of their spiritual and moral experience, their historical memory.

In ethnic culture, traditional values ​​contain thoughts, knowledge, understanding of life in unity with people's experience, attitude, and goal aspirations. A distinctive feature of ethnic culture as a mechanism that carries out the process of accumulation and reproduction of universal values ​​is that it relies not on the force of law, but on public opinion, mass habits, and generally accepted taste.

On June 7, the State Duma committees on nationalities and on the development of civil society held a meeting of leaders of national-cultural autonomies on the topic "The role of public associations in strengthening interethnic and interfaith peace and harmony in the Russian Federation." The event was attended by the co-chairman of the Council of the Federal National-Cultural Autonomy of the Kurds of the Russian Federation Farhat Patiyev.

Chairman of the Committee on Nationalities Ildar Gilmutdinov spoke about the Committee's priorities in working with public organizations. According to him, one of the first decisions was the creation of the Council of Heads of the Federal National-Cultural Autonomies under the Committee for the development of legislative proposals in modern conditions.

“Federal national-cultural autonomies, youth and ethno-cultural organizations - form the core of the public sector, are partners of the state in ethno-cultural development and strengthening the unity of our country, Gilmutdinov noted. Therefore, grant support for all-Russian projects in the field of interethnic relations is extremely necessary.”

Chairman of the Committee for the Development of Civil Society, Issues of Public and Religious Associations Sergei Gavrilov noted that the creation of public associations and other non-profit organizations is an important element in the formation and expression of the positions of civil society in the field of strengthening interethnic and interfaith peace and harmony in the Russian Federation.

As an example, he cited national-cultural autonomies, the creation and activities of which are aimed at the interaction of the state and society to protect the national interests of Russian citizens in the process of choosing the ways and forms of their national-cultural development. Gavrilov recalled that according to the Ministry of Justice, more than 1,150 such NGOs are registered in Russia.

According to a member of the Public Chamber of Russia Alexandra Shchipkova, "the basis of peace and harmony is patriotism, attitude to the land, the state, one's family, following traditions".

Metropolitan of Moscow and All Rus' of the Russian Orthodox Old Believer Church Cornelius noted that the issue of preserving and strengthening interfaith and interethnic peace, despite the fact that this problem has long been in the field of view of the state and society, has become relevant in recent years due to the complication of international relations, the spread of Islamic extremism and terrorism. “It is necessary to consolidate all the healthy forces of civil society and state institutions to counter national and religious extremism, as well as to maintain a spiritually healthy atmosphere in our society”- said Metropolitan Cornelius.

Deputy of the State Duma Zugura Rakhmatullina drew the attention of the audience to work with youth and the activities of youth public organizations. In her opinion, the focus of public and ethnocultural associations on patriotic education will be a guarantee of future interethnic and interreligious harmony.

According to the First Deputy Chairman of the Committee for the Development of Civil Society, Issues of Public and Religious Associations Ivan Sukharev, it is necessary to nominate candidates from religious organizations belonging to traditional Russian confessions to the composition of public monitoring commissions that control the observance of the rights of persons in places of detention. Currently, the clergy do not have such rights.

All representatives of traditional confessions and public organizations who spoke during the meeting also supported the need to strengthen inter-confessional and inter-ethnic peace in Russia.

The Kurds were also represented at the round table by Assistant Chairman of the State Duma Committee on the Development of Civil Society, Issues of Public and Religious Associations Shakro Alikhanov and Assistant Co-Chairman of the Council of the Federal National-Cultural Autonomy of the Kurds of the Russian Federation Dilan Rashoyan.

Information provided by the pressatjba of the State Duma Committee onaffairs of nationalities

The life activity of ethnic minorities in the host polycultural space has its own characteristics, since they strive, on the one hand, to integrate into the host society, and on the other hand, to preserve and protect their ethno-cultural integrity by updating the cultural traditions of the ethnic group. Under these conditions, the idea of ​​ethno-cultural self-government is extremely relevant. Successful cultural development, the ability to meet the national needs of ethnic groups, a sense of equivalence and self-importance in interethnic dialogue are necessary conditions for their progressive development. In this sense, the mechanism of national-cultural societies is quite promising. Within the framework of such associations, ethnic groups and ethnic groups are guided by the progressive development of national cultures while maintaining and developing the all-Russian cultural integrity and contribute to the harmonization of interethnic relations in North Ossetia-Alania.

Public organization "Iudzinad" for several years has been interacting with other Public organizations and Family Councils within the framework of the created Subdivision of SORKPOOO "Iudzinad" - the "Council of Public Organizations of Ossetia".

The activities of the Council are aimed at preserving and promoting the national and cultural values ​​of the Ossetian people, within the framework of which various events were held, including national holidays, rituals, meetings with artists and cultural figures, public figures, officials, etc. But for the further, fruitful development of the Council and the Public Organization "Iudzinad" itself, it is necessary to determine further work plans in the matter of preserving and developing the national and cultural values ​​of the Ossetian people. For this purpose, on the initiative of SORKPOOO "Iudzinad", an event was held: Round table "The role of public organizations in the consolidation of the Ossetian people".

The event was opened by the Chairman of the Board of SORPCOO “Iudzinad” Kuchiev B., who thanked all those present for responding to the invitation and making a welcoming speech: “Our ancient people, fairly cut off from their tribal traditions, on the ruins of what we have today, national public organizations are being created to help young people turn to their roots, their culture and traditions. And today we will talk about how we can preserve together what we still have today, and what joint actions will help us unite the Ossetian people around the national idea.”

Tsomaev T. A member of the Coordinating Council of SORKPOOO “Iudzinad”, presented to the audience the Project “Concepts of the Spiritual and Moral Development of the Ossetian People”. In which it is noted that “A concept is a certain way of understanding (interpretation, perception) of an object, phenomenon or process, the main idea, the main point of view on the subject, the guiding idea for its systematic coverage, a set of views that are interconnected and follow one from the other, a system of views on phenomena in the world, nature, society and ways to solve the chosen problem. The concept determines the strategy of action.

The concept is an organized process of assimilation and acceptance of basic national values ​​that have a hierarchical structure and a complex organization. The bearers of these values ​​are the peoples of the Republic, cultural and territorial communities, traditional religious associations, and the family. It (the Concept) takes into account the cultural diversity that exists in the Republic, the country and the world as a whole. Ensuring the spiritual and moral education and development of the younger generation is a key task of the Ossetian people, whose task is to raise a generation of worthy citizens of Russia, which will benefit the republic and the country, strengthen their positions on the world stage.

The concept should contribute to the formation of a citizen's sense of patriotism, pride in his Fatherland, in his small Motherland, the city, village in which he was born and raised, an active civic position and readiness to serve the Fatherland. This Concept has been developed in accordance with the spiritual and moral values ​​of the Ossetian people.”

Tsomaev T. emphasized: “One of the first decisions taken from the beginning of the work of the Public Organization “Iudzinad” was the creation of the “Council of Ministers of the Sanctuaries of Ossetia”. The purpose of its establishment was the need to improve the institution of national and cultural self-identity of the Ossetian people, to develop proposals that would provide new opportunities for the work of the institute "dzuary læggadgændzhitæ" in modern conditions.

Kuchiev B. noted that the public organization "Iudzinad" pays special attention to the topic of supporting the activities of public organizations - Family Councils, and conducts a lot of explanatory work. "Family Councils" - form the core of the public sector, are partners of the state in the ethno-cultural development and strengthening the unity of our country. Therefore, they need to be supported and helped by representatives of families, to create Councils, and in this the help from the Public Organization “Iujinad” is extremely important.”

Those present expressed their opinion about the forthcoming processes of reforming the IPM "Supreme Council of Ossetians", and the fact that during its work this organization could not become the center around which the people would rally, and the absence in this organization of such seniors who could to equal the youth.

Representatives of the IPM "Supreme Council of Ossetians" Tsomaev A. and Agkatsev Yu. were outraged by the criticism leveled at the organization and tried to protect the interests of their organization, emphasizing that the organization constantly carries out activities aimed at preserving the spiritual and moral values ​​of the Ossetian people, conferences, meetings etc. Meetings are constantly held with representatives of the Youth Parliament of North Ossetia-Alania. Many of the issues that they could not solve are related to the lack of funding. Members of the MOD organization "Supreme Council of Ossetians" must also be paid a salary so that they can devote all their time and energy to the implementation of their statutory goals.

The representative of the Maliev family - Kazbek noted that young people today are far from the concepts of "Iron Ægdau", because it is difficult to live by the rules, it is easier to live without rules. Therefore, it is necessary to resort to drastic measures and introduce culture in the form of a firm code of conduct. And the rules of conduct should come from revered and respected elders.

The head of the organization "Nysan" Shavlokhov R. emphasized that such events are intended to honestly, uncompromisingly get to the bottom of the truth. To form views on the essence of the problem and possible ways to solve it - taking into account the maximum range of opinions and interests. The essence of the problem is that the “Concept of the Spiritual and Moral Development of the Ossetian People” under consideration must be brought to the attention of the people, so that the people decide what we all need to do, so that the Ossetian society turns to its spiritual and moral values. The authorities of North Ossetia-Alania should also be involved in the process of consolidating society around the national idea, since we cannot implement many issues without lobbying from the authorities.

The discussion was also attended by representatives of families from different regions of the Republic, including the Mozdok region: Kasaevs, Kuchievs, Kallagovs, Kulovs, Abaevs, Zagalovs, Tuaevs, etc. taking into account opinions, to adopt the final version at the next "Forum of Ossetian families".

It is necessary to revive the forgotten "Nykhas". Our people especially do not accept some forms of expression of their will offered by the state - rallies, marches, which often acquire a destructive character. The voice of our people at all times sounded at nykhas-gatherings, as the dictates of the mind and will of the people, as the call of their hearts.

Nykhas, as a constantly working institution of civil society, is a distinctive feature of Ossetian society. From ancient times, the most important problems of the Ossetian people were solved at nykhas: issues of war and peace, issues of the life order of society, internal and external contradictions. The continuation of this historical tradition should be the modern Alanian Nykhas.

The event also highlighted the problems associated with the reform of the education system, with the situation of the native language. It is no secret that with the strengthening of the vertical of power in the country, the education system was subjected to unprecedented centralization. Frankly speaking, the indifference to the problems of national schools on the part of the Ministry of Education and Science is surprising. Today, under the conditions of so-called optimization, for some reason the issue of creating national schools is being closed, the curricula are reducing the hours allotted for the native language. But the problem of the national-regional component is not only the fate of the national school, it is, in fact, about the national policy of Russia.

In order for the work among the younger generation to master the native language to bring more tangible results, national public organizations need to intensify their activities, unite, and jointly prevent the authorities from making another mistake, trying to build a new civilization on the ruins of the old one. So far, the problems in this area have not been radically resolved, but certain prerequisites have already been created for the subsequent development of public consciousness.

Today we are obliged to develop the national ideology, to make it the life-changing basis of the life of future generations. In the context of globalization, only a strong, united nation, aimed at self-determination within the framework of a single federal statehood, can save the national identity of any nation from erosion and merger with Western pseudo-culture, which deifies the cheap values ​​of a consumer society. We need a Russia that recognizes the peculiarity and value of its peoples, and does not reject their right to their national self-identity as part of a single federative power. There can be no other Russia!

Press service of SORKPOOO "Iujinad"