The Children's Fund is the leading UN organization that deals with... unicef unicef is the children's fund of the united nations organization
The need to develop measures to protect the rights of the child, due to his physical and mental immaturity, required the allocation of international protection of children's rights to a special area. For this purpose, the UN created the Social Commission and the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF). In addition, specialized UN agencies are involved in the protection of children's rights in certain areas: the International Labor Organization (ILO), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the United Nations Scientific, Cultural and Educational Organization (UNESCO).
After the end of World War II, to overcome its severe consequences, by unanimous decision of the General Assembly on December 11, 1946, the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) was created. Its original purpose was to help disadvantaged child victims of the war in Europe.
Thus, UNICEF acted as an organization that began to deal exclusively with children's problems. It was organized and used within the limits of the funds at its disposal, and governments receiving assistance from UNICEF were obliged to distribute this assistance according to need and without discrimination as to race, religion, nationality or political opinion. According to the resolution, UNICEF's governing body, the Executive Board, was created. The Executive Council was recruited by ECOSOC from candidates submitted by UN member states. The resolution named 25 members of the Executive Council: representatives of the USA, USSR, Australia, Brazil, Great Britain, Canada, China, France, Poland, Sweden, Yugoslavia. The Executive Director was appointed by the UN Secretary-General in consultation with the Executive Council.
The UNICEF Executive Board held its first meeting on December 19, 1946. In 1953, UNICEF joined the UN system (General Assembly resolution 802(8) of October 6, 1953). The General Assembly renamed it the UN Children's Fund (leaving the already well-known abbreviation UNICEF in the name).
UNICEF's powers were expanded: it was given the right to provide long-term assistance to children who suffered deprivation as a result of the prevailing economic and political situation in their countries, as well as during armed conflicts. The main function of UNICEF is to assist governments of developing countries in the form of supplies of equipment for schools, food, medicine, and provision of scholarships for teachers. The Foundation pays special attention to children in developing countries suffering from malnutrition, disease and illiteracy. In 1965 UNICEF was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
The UNICEF Executive Board, consisting of 36 members, determines the main areas of activity, analyzes programs and approves the Fund's budgets. The UNICEF Secretariat, whose headquarters is in New York, carries out its work through its offices (more than 200), located in more than 140 countries (including Belarus). The International Child Development Center operates within the framework of UNICEF. It was created in 1988 as a specialized research and teaching institution with basic financial support from the Italian government.
International protection of children's rights within UNICEF is carried out in several areas: 1) development of declarations, resolutions, conventions in order to prepare international standards in the field of children's rights; 2) creation of a special control body for the protection of children’s rights; 3) assistance in bringing national legislation into compliance with international obligations (implementation activities); 4) provision of international assistance through the UN Children's Fund. In addition, UNICEF is working to provide humanitarian assistance to children and women - internally displaced persons and local residents in the North Caucasus.
The most effective is UNICEF's standard-setting activities to protect children's rights. Initially, it is carried out in two directions:
1) consolidation of the rights of the child in general declarations and conventions on human rights or in international agreements regulating the rights of certain social groups closely related to the child (women’s rights) or in a certain area of relations (in the field of family, labor law, education);
2) development of declarations and conventions specifically regulating the rights of the child.
UNICEF Regional Office for countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the Commonwealth of Independent States and the Baltic States has been carrying out its program activities in the region since 1990, when the Executive Board of the Children's Fund first approved allocations to support programs for countries included in this bloc. UNICEF's mandate and activities in these countries were determined by the problems that resulted from the sharp decline in living standards as a result of the political, social and economic changes of the so-called transition period, the beginning of which dates back to the late 80s-90s.
The main factors that, from the point of view of UNICEF, determined the main direction of its policy in this region were recognized as the following actual circumstances:
– reduction or complete abolition of the social service system for families, including the system of preschool institutions;
– limited government funding of the healthcare system, and medical institutions in particular;
– reduction in the employment of women and youth in all areas of production;
– loss of moral and legal guidelines in society and, as a consequence, an increase in juvenile crime, the spread of alcoholism, drug addiction and prostitution
UNICEF's mission in the region to which Belarus belongs is: UNICEF has a special mission to assist governments in fulfilling their obligations under the Convention and in ensuring that the necessary actions are taken to ensure that the fundamental principles of the Convention - the best interests of the child, non-discrimination, participation, survival and development - given as much attention as necessary to protect the interests of children.
The UNICEF regional office officially announced the beginning of its activities in the Republic of Belarus in March 1997. However, in fact, the activities of the UN Children's Fund in the country have been carried out since the end of 1994, when, on the joint initiative of the fund and the Government of the Republic of Belarus, an analysis of the situation of women and children in republic, which resulted in the published National Report “Children and Women of Belarus: Today and Tomorrow”.
During 1995–1997 The UN Children's Fund worked closely with the ministries of education, health and social protection, as well as such well-known public organizations in the republic as the Belarusian Children's Fund, Christian Children's Fund, Belarusian Committee "Children of Chernobyl", Belarusian Children's Hospice, Belarusian Association of Parents of Disabled Children.
With the assistance and direct participation of these organizations, UNICEF provided humanitarian assistance in the form of supplies of medical equipment, vaccines and medicines to maternity hospitals and children's hospitals, special equipment for disabled children, clothing, educational materials and sports equipment, educational supplies and other necessary material support for boarding schools located in the Chernobyl zone.
The legal basis for the official activities of UNICEF in Belarus is the Agreement signed in May 1992 regarding the establishment of a temporary UN office in Minsk, the provisions of which apply to the Representative Office of the Children's Fund. In fact, the draft Cooperation Agreement between the UN Children's Fund and the Government of the Republic, agreed upon by the parties, will most likely be signed only at the beginning of next year.
Since October 1997, the activities of the Representative Office in Belarus have been concentrated on the implementation of projects developed jointly with government and non-governmental structures within the framework of three main programs: “Children of Chernobyl”, “Dissemination of knowledge about children’s rights” and “Youth health and development”.
The “Children of Chernobyl” program is being implemented with the active participation of the republican public organization Belarusian Committee “Children of Chernobyl” and provides for a set of measures to improve the health of children living in the zone of radiation contamination, socio-psychological and pedagogical rehabilitation of these children and their families, growing environmentally friendly products on contaminated soils. territories.
Within the framework of the program “Dissemination of knowledge about children’s rights”, professional initiative activities of employees of the National Institute of Education are supported to improve methods of teaching a special course on children’s rights in educational institutions of various levels and to provide advisory pedagogical, psychological and other methodological assistance.
The third program, “Youth Health and Development,” is aimed at protecting children and adolescents from numerous risk factors to which they are exposed both in the family and in the transitional society. The program includes projects such as “Healthy lifestyle and AIDS prevention”, “Protecting the reproductive health of young people”, “Working with children and adolescents in youth clubs and associations”, the creation of information and coordination centers and “Internet cafes”. Particular emphasis within the framework of this program was placed on the implementation of the “Children in Foster Family” project. The main activities of the project are focused on improving the methods of behavioral adaptation of adoptive parents and children staying in family-type orphanages, developing the activities of teachers and other specialists working in orphanages, and preparing children and adolescents for independent life in society.
Supporting the state's social policy to prevent and prevent family problems, problems of abandoned children and orphans, the UNICEF Office in 1998 took certain measures to implement the “Children in Need of Special Protection” program. The program supports the initiative of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus to develop a concept for the reorganization of boarding schools and to create models of new, alternative forms of placement for children left without parental care.
However, there are still many unresolved problems related to the accepted international legal obligations. For example, to date, the necessary decisions have not been made in the republic and appropriate measures have not been taken to develop a theoretical and practical basis for the creation of courts for minors (creation of juvenile justice). Therefore, the issues of the rights of a child in need of special protection measures, and the creation of a comprehensive system for the prevention and prevention of crime among minors, state structures and civil society institutions must recognize as the most important social problem requiring urgent measures.
At the same time, with the participation and under the leadership of the UNICEF office in our republic, various initiatives and projects at the local level are being implemented today to help protect and protect the rights of children.
So, for example, 20.01. 2012 Minsk has joined the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Global Initiative “Child Friendly City”.
Antonius Bruck, UN/UNDP representative in Belarus, who was present at the ceremony, expressed gratitude to Minsk for supporting the UNICEF global initiative “Child Friendly City”. He emphasized that UNDP fully supports national efforts to improve the quality of life of the younger generation.
Currently, 12 cities of Belarus are participants in the UNICEF initiative. These are Borisov, Dobrush, Pinsk, Pruzhany, Svetlogorsk, Grodno, Brest, Gomel, Novopolotsk, Shklov, Lida and Minsk.
In Belarus, the coordinator of the UNICEF Child Friendly City initiative is the National Center for Artistic Creativity for Children and Youth. The implementation of the project is aimed at improving coordination and interdepartmental interaction at the national and local levels in the interests of children; formation of a local budget with more complete consideration of the needs of children; development and implementation of a system of independent monitoring of the situation and observance of children’s rights in the city. Particular attention is paid to strengthening the capacity of local executive and administrative authorities and the media. The emphasis is on improving the forms and methods of participation of children and youth in policy development and decision-making that affect their interests.
UNICEF's Child Friendly City (FCF) initiative is a tool that helps reduce the negative impact of the urban environment on children's lives by maximizing the opportunities and benefits it provides. Participation in the initiative contributes to the implementation at the city level of the obligations assumed by the country when signing the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
The International Secretariat of Child Friendly Cities was created in 2000 in Italy on the basis of the Innocenti Institute, which is also a UNICEF research center. The Secretariat helps strengthen the capacity of cities developing in the interests of children through research, exchange of experience and information, cooperation with authorities, public organizations, and youth movements.
Over the past decade, the concept of a child-friendly city has been adopted in many countries around the world, including France, Spain, Italy, Holland, Sweden, Brazil, Russia, Poland, Ukraine and Lithuania. Today, London, Paris, Munich, Buenos Aires, Moscow, Vilnius and many other cities participate in this honorable initiative.
“Child Friendly City” is not a model of an ideal city or a title given out for achievements. Participation in this initiative means a constant desire to take care of children and not stop there. The GDD provides an opportunity to develop a program to help the city become more child-friendly in all aspects of governance, infrastructure and services.
The “highlight” of this initiative, which fundamentally distinguishes it from other social programs and initiatives, is the mandatory participation of children and youth in decision-making processes that affect their interests. Children and teenagers themselves think about what needs to be done to improve their yard, school, area where they live, so that their city becomes child-friendly, and with the assistance of adults they carry out their projects. Through school self-government, youth councils and parliaments under local legislative and executive authorities, children have the opportunity to participate in the life of society and influence decisions made.
Annex 1
UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS (1948)
Article 1
All people are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and must act towards each other in a spirit of brotherhood.
Article 2
Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, class or other status.
Moreover, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, legal or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether that territory is independent, trust, non-self-governing or otherwise limited in its sovereignty.
Article 3
Every person has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
Article 4
No one should be held in slavery or servitude; Slavery and the slave trade are prohibited in all their forms.
Article 5
No one should be subjected to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
Article 6
Every person, wherever he is, has the right to recognition of his legal personality.
Article 7
All people are equal before the law and are entitled, without any distinction, to equal protection of the law. All persons have the right to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.
Article 8
Every person has the right to effective redress by the competent national courts in cases of violation of his fundamental rights granted to him by the constitution or law.
Article 9
No one may be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or expulsion.
Article 10
Every person has the right, in full equality, to have his case heard publicly and fairly by an independent and impartial tribunal, in order to determine his rights and obligations and to determine the validity of any criminal charge against him.
Article 11
1. Every person accused of committing a crime has the right to be considered innocent until his guilt is established legally through a public trial in which he is provided with all opportunities for defense.
2. No one may be convicted of a crime on account of the commission of any act or omission which, at the time of its commission, did not constitute a crime under national or international law. Nor can a punishment be imposed that is more severe than that which could have been applied at the time the crime was committed.
Article 12
No one may be subjected to arbitrary interference with his private and family life, arbitrary attacks on the inviolability of his home, the privacy of his correspondence or his honor and reputation. Every person has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
Article 13
1. Every person has the right to move freely and choose for himself
residence within each state.
2. Every person has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his own country.
Article 14
1. Every person has the right to seek refuge from persecution in other countries and to enjoy this refuge.
2. This right shall not be exercised in the case of prosecution actually based on the commission of a non-political crime or an act contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
Article 15
1. Every person has the right to citizenship
2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality or the right to change his nationality.
Article 16
1. Men and women who have reached the age of majority have the right, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, to marry and to found a family. They enjoy the same rights regarding marriage, during marriage and at the time of its dissolution.
2. Marriage can only be concluded with the free and full consent of both parties entering into marriage.
3. The family is the natural and basic unit of society and has the right to protection by society and the state.
Article 17
1. Every person has the right to own property, either individually or jointly with others.
2. No one should be arbitrarily deprived of their property.
Article 18
Every person has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief and freedom to manifest his religion or belief, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, in teaching, worship and observance.
Article 19
Every person has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
Article 20
1. Every person has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
2. No one can be forced to join any association.
Article 21
1. Every person has the right to take part in the government of his country
directly or through freely elected representatives.
2. Every person has the right of equal access to public service in his or her country.
3. The will of the people must be the basis of the government's authority; this will must find expression in periodic and unfalsified elections, which must be held under universal and equal suffrage by secret ballot or by other equivalent forms ensuring freedom of voting.
Article 22
Every person, as a member of society, has the right to social security and to the enjoyment of the rights in the economic, social and cultural fields necessary for the maintenance of his dignity and the free development of his personality, through national efforts and international cooperation and in accordance with the structure and resources of each State .
Article 23
1. Every person has the right to work, to free choice of work, to just and favorable working conditions and to protection from unemployment.
2. Every person, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.
3. Every worker has the right to fair and satisfactory remuneration, ensuring a decent human existence for himself and his family and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social security.
4. Every person has the right to create trade unions and join trade unions to protect their interests.
Article 24
Every person has the right to rest and leisure, including the right to a reasonable limitation of the working day and to paid periodic leave.
Article 25
1. Every person has the right to such a standard of living, including food, clothing, housing, medical care and necessary social services, as is necessary for the health and well-being of himself and his family, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, illness, disability, widowhood, old age or other loss of livelihood due to circumstances beyond his control.
2. Maternity and infancy give the right to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, should enjoy the same social protection.
Article 26
1. Every person has the right to education. Education should be free, at least as regards primary and general education. Primary education should be compulsory. Technical and vocational education should be made generally available and higher education should be equally accessible to all on the basis of each individual's ability.
2. Education should be aimed at the full development of the human personality and at increasing respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. Education should promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all peoples, racial and religious groups and should contribute to the peacekeeping activities of the United Nations.
3. Parents have the right of priority in choosing the type of education for their young children.
Article 27
1. Every person has the right to freely participate in the cultural life of society, to enjoy the arts, to participate in scientific progress and to enjoy its benefits.
2. Every person has the right to protection of his moral and material interests resulting from scientific, literary or artistic works of which he is the author.
Article 28
Everyone has the right to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.
Article 29
1. Every person has responsibilities to society, in which only the free and full development of his personality is possible.
2. In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, each person shall be subject only to such restrictions as are prescribed by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and satisfying the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.
3. The exercise of these rights and freedoms must in no case be contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
Article 30
Nothing in this Declaration shall be construed as granting to any State, group or individual the right to engage in any activity or take any action tending to destroy the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration.
Appendix 2
DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD (1959)
1. The child must have all the rights specified in this Declaration. These rights must be recognized for all children without exception and without distinction or discrimination on account of race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status relating to the child or his family .
2. The child shall be provided, by law or other means, with special protection and with opportunities and favorable conditions that will enable him to develop physically, mentally, morally, spiritually and socially in a healthy and normal manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity. In making laws for this purpose, the best interests of the child must be the primary consideration.
3. The child must have the right to a name and citizenship from birth.
4. The child must benefit from social security. He must have the right to healthy growth and development, and for this purpose special care and protection must be provided to both him and his mother, including prenatal and postnatal care. The child must have the right to adequate food, housing, entertainment and medical care.
5. A child who is physically, mentally or socially disabled must be provided with special treatment, education and care necessary due to his special condition.
6. For the full and harmonious development of his personality, a child needs love and understanding. He should, whenever possible, grow up in the care and responsibility of his parents and in any case in an atmosphere of love, moral and material security: a young child should not, except in exceptional circumstances, be separated from his mother. Society and public authorities must have a duty to provide special care for children who do not have sufficient means of subsistence. It is desirable that large families be provided with state or other child support benefits.
7. The child has the right to receive education, which should be free and compulsory, at least in the initial stages. He should be given an education which will contribute to his general cultural development and by which he may, on a basis of equality of opportunity, develop his abilities and personal judgment, as well as a sense of moral and social responsibility, and become a useful member of society.
The best interests of the child should be the guiding principle for those responsible for his education and learning; this responsibility lies primarily with his parents.
The child must be provided with full opportunity for games and entertainment that are aimed at the goals pursued by education; society and public authorities must make efforts to facilitate the implementation of this right.
8. The child must, under all circumstances, be among those who first receive protection and help.
9. The child must be protected from all forms of neglect, cruelty and exploitation. It must not be subject to trade in any form.
A child shall not be employed before reaching the appropriate minimum age and shall in no case be assigned or permitted work or occupation which would be harmful to his health or education or which would interfere with his physical, mental or moral development.
10. The child must be protected from practices that may encourage racial, religious or any other form of discrimination. He should be brought up in the spirit of mutual understanding, tolerance, friendship between peoples, peace and universal brotherhood, and in the full consciousness that his energies and abilities should be devoted to the service of the benefit of other people.
In May 2004, Ms. Cham Pu, representing UNICEF at a meeting of Nobel laureates, said: “Looking back at almost 60 years of international organizations, we can clearly recognize that in 1965 the Nobel Committee paid tribute not to the work of UNICEF , but his idea. This honor was not given to the aspirations of UNICEF as an organization, but to global concerns for our children and our future. Our collective human memories of childhood and the dreams generated by those memories have been recognized.”
Using "weapons of peace"
In 1965, the UN was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for the fourth time for its active role in strengthening “fraternity among nations and peace.” It was received by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). The award was in recognition of the Foundation's important role in meeting people's basic needs and advocating for children's rights. UNICEF, initially concerned with "minor, minor problems", was created on a temporary basis to meet emergency needs and overcome the crisis situation in which many helpless children in Europe found themselves after the war - became "the waking conscience of the world."
The award, given by UNICEF in recognition of the fact that today's children will shape tomorrow's world, highlights the importance of collaboration between governments, the UN and international and non-governmental organizations in efforts to improve the lives of children.
UNICEF Executive Director Henri Labouisse, who delivered a speech on behalf of the organization after the award, emphasized the need for all children to receive an education. The formation of educated and informed individuals, free from prejudice and hatred, will have an impact on all people of the world who will be able to trust their own civilization and trust each other. “The longer the world endures the slow and debilitating war that poverty and ignorance are now waging against 800 million children in developing countries, the more likely it is that we will eventually have to give up hope of lasting peace.”
The United Nations Children's Fund, as an international institution that primarily provides long-term grants for health, literacy and children's rights in developing countries, has been able to establish the interdependence between child support and national development. After all, it was he who revealed the role of children as “those who will carry out economic and social transformations in the future.” Thus, the fight against disease, hunger, ignorance and poverty plaguing modern youth in countries where the economy is in dire straits has now become one of the development goals for the future.
In December 1953, the UN General Assembly recommended that UNICEF take action to improve children's health and expand social welfare programs in recipient countries through supplies, training and consultation, transforming the Fund into a permanent UN agency. The Declaration of the Rights of the Child, which focuses on children's rights, maternal protection, health care, adequate food, housing and education, was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1959. It is an important part of the commitment of governments around the world to focus on the needs of children - an issue that was once considered secondary to development.
UNICEF works closely with governments to ensure that cooperation between them ensures the successful achievement of their common goals. This coordination is reflected in the “parallel rule,” which states that when UNICEF spends a dollar on children's projects in their countries, those countries' governments spend the same amount. There is active interagency collaboration between UNICEF and the World Health Organization (WHO), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the International Labor Organization (ILO).
UNICEF's mission as an advocate for children's rights is to ensure that the international community recognizes that the health, protection and development of children are essential requirements for overall development and an integral part of human progress. In particular, the UN Children's Fund deals with the problem of children in unfavorable conditions - victims of wars and other types of violence, natural disasters and extreme poverty, as well as children with physical disabilities. Priorities include girls' education and disease prevention, especially HIV/AIDS.
“When you see an entire area immediately improve in terms of education, nutrition, sanitation and health care, with help from everyone from local teachers and doctors to the poorest families living in jungle villages, you understand the impact of UNICEF assistance. on the ground,” said Labouisse, pointing to the disparity of odds for the average child in more than 100 developing countries: four to one against receiving any health care, two to one against receiving any education at all, and four to one against completing primary education . “By the time a child turns 12, he has to earn a living. He will work to feed himself, but he will eat poorly and there will not be enough food. And his life will end at about forty years old.”
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The meaning of the word unicef
Wikipedia
UNICEF
UN Children's Fund(; abbr.: official;) - an international organization operating under the auspices of the United Nations.
Foundation under the name UN International Children's Emergency Fund was created on December 11, 1946 by decision of the UN General Assembly as an emergency organization to provide assistance to children affected by the Second World War. The fund was supposed to be temporary, but in 1953 the UN expanded the organization's activities and extended its term of office indefinitely. The foundation received its current name while maintaining the original abbreviation.
In 1965, the UN Children's Fund received the Nobel Peace Prize.
The Year of the Child program was held under the auspices of UNICEF in 1989.
The UN Children's Fund does not separate assistance for mothers and children. The main goals of the UN Children's Fund until 2010:
- reducing the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age by 1/3;
- a 50% reduction in maternal mortality;
- provide primary education to 80% of children.
More than 180 Goodwill Ambassadors help UNICEF achieve these and other goals.
The main body of UNICEF is the Executive Board, which is elected by the UN Economic and Social Council for a period of 3 years. The Executive Council holds annual sessions. The current activities of the fund are managed by the secretariat and executive director. Since May 1, 2010, this post has been held by American Anthony Lake.
The UNICEF emblem was placed on the T-shirts of the Barcelona football club, but by no means as a sponsor. The Catalan club annually pays 1.5 million euros to the fund from its own budget to help children.
UNICEF) is an international organization operating under the auspices of the United Nations.UN Children's Fund United Nations Children's Fund |
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Headquarters | NY |
Managers | |
CEO | Henrietta H. Fore |
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Date of foundation | |
Parent organization | UN General Assembly |
Awards | |
unicef.org (English) (French) (Spanish) (Aryan) (Chinese) | |
Media files on Wikimedia Commons |
Story
A fund called the UN Children's Emergency Fund. United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund) was created on December 11, 1946 by decision of the UN General Assembly as a temporary auxiliary organization to provide assistance to children, including victims of aggression. It was first headed by L. Reichman. In 1953, the UN made the organization permanent and expanded the range of its activities, and the fund received its current name while maintaining the original abbreviation UNICEF.
The Year of the Child program was held under the auspices of UNICEF in 1989.
Activity
The UN Children's Fund does not separate assistance for mothers and children. Main goals of the UN Children's Fund until 2010:
- reducing the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age by 1/3;
- a 50% reduction in maternal mortality;
- provide primary education to 80% of children.
More than 180 Goodwill Ambassadors help UNICEF achieve these and other goals.
The main body of UNICEF is the Executive Board, which is elected by the UN Economic and Social Council for a period of 3 years. The Executive Council holds annual sessions. The current activities of the fund are managed by the secretariat and executive director. Since May 1, 2010, this post has been held by American Anthony Lake.
Financing
The main sources of funds for the fund are annual voluntary contributions from governments, providing two-thirds of the proceeds. Russia's annual voluntary contribution has amounted to US$1 million since 2006.
The UNICEF emblem was placed on the T-shirts of the Barcelona football club, but by no means as a sponsor's emblem. The Catalan club annually pays 1.5 million euros to the fund from its own budget to help children.
UNICEF in Russia
UNICEF implements its programs in 157 countries, including Russia. The foundation’s representative office in Moscow was opened in 1997, and the programs “Child Protection”, “Youth Health and Development”, “Early Development”, “Child-Friendly Cities” are being implemented. There is also a UNICEF program in the North Caucasus, the office is located in the city of Vladikavkaz.
The Russian Foreign Ministry gave the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) until the end of December 2012 to complete all projects in Russia, in connection with the Russian Federation becoming an equal partner of the fund.
Criticism
UNICEF has been criticized for focusing on specific policies. In 2004, the editors of the Lancet magazine stated that the foundation's policy regarding children's welfare, based on