What does average daily air temperature mean? How to calculate the average temperature per day
1. How to determine average temperature day, month, year?
Sum the temperatures and divide by the number of observations.
2. How does air temperature change with changes in altitude, season and geographical latitude? Why?
The air temperature decreases with altitude, since the air is heated from the earth's surface, the further from the surface, the lower the temperature.
The seasons have the same different temperatures. Cold time year - winter, warm summer, spring and autumn are transitional periods. Temperatures by season depend on distance globe from the Sun and angle of incidence sun rays.
From the equator to the poles, the angle of incidence of the sun's rays decreases and temperatures also decrease.
3. In what weather do you think - cloudy or cloudless - is the daily temperature range higher? Why?
Temperature ranges are higher in cloudless weather because clouds trap heat in the atmosphere. In their absence, the earth's surface warms up greatly during the day and cools down more at night.
4. *Explain why on the islands New Earth average temperature warm month does not exceed +20С, despite longer duration sunshine.
Novaya Zemlya is located in subarctic latitudes and the angle of incidence of sunlight is very small, so the surface does not warm up. Also, snow and ice are highly reflective.
Practical tasks
1. Determine the average daily air temperatures and the daily temperature range according to the data in the table.
Air temperature measurement data, 0C
1 day – average -6.50С, amplitude 80С
Day 2 – average -10C, amplitude 50C
Day 3 – average +3.50С, amplitude 30С
2. Average monthly air temperatures are as follows: I - -100C, II - -100C, III - -40C, IV - +50C, V - +130C, VI - +160C, VII - +180C, VIII - +160C, IX - + 120C, X - +60C, XI - -30C, XII - -90C. Determine the average annual annual amplitude temperatures and draw a graph annual progress temperatures Analyze the graph.
Average annual +40С
Amplitude – 280С
The graph of the annual temperature variation and the calculated amplitude makes it possible to say that we're talking about about moderate moderate continental climate With cold winter and warm summers.
![](https://i2.wp.com/resheba.me/attachments/images/tasks/000/005/118/0000/6e90011b65d7.jpg)
3. During the flight, the flight attendant informed that the air temperature outside was -280C, and near the surface of the Earth - +150C. Determine the aircraft's flight altitude.
The temperature drops by 6 0C for every 1 km of rise. Temperature difference 430C.
4. Climbers climb Mount Chomolungma, 8848 m high, at the foot of which the temperature is +240C. Determine what temperature will be at the top.
Considering that with every 100 meters of rise the temperature will decrease by 0.6 degrees.
make up equations.
Lesson objectives:
- Introduce students to the characteristics of air temperature;
- Identify factors influencing changes in air temperature;
- Teach schoolchildren to perform practical tasks on measuring air temperature.
DURING THE CLASSES
I. Greeting students
Teacher. Which shell of the Earth have we begun to study?
Answer. The atmosphere.
Teacher. What is atmosphere?
Answer. The gaseous or airy shell of the Earth.
Teacher. What qualities or indicators can we characterize air? (As students answer, the teacher fills out a diagram on the board).
A ladder of several steps is drawn on the board; on each step the teacher places a sheet with a problem written on it. And he explains the problem.
Teacher. Today we will study only one of the characteristics - air temperature. And during the lesson we will climb the ladder of knowledge, solving the following problems:
Teacher. We will also learn to determine the daily amplitude of air temperature and the average daily air temperature.
II. Writing the lesson topic in a notebook
Teacher. So, let's solve the first problem.
By observing and measuring the temperature, people noticed that the air temperature changed throughout the day. It's quite cold in the morning. By midday the air warms up better, with the highest air temperatures in the afternoon. It gets cooler in the evening. It gets coldest before sunrise. Why does the air temperature change during the day?
Students' opinions are heard.
III. Demonstration of experience
Let's try to figure this out using a regular flashlight. Imagine that the board is the earth's surface onto which the sun's rays fall (in this case, the rays from a flashlight).
- Let's direct the beam vertically onto the board so that the illuminated surface is a circle.
- From the same distance we direct the flashlight beam at an angle - a large surface is already illuminated, oval shape, but is less illuminated than the circle.
Teacher. Under what rays of a flashlight do you think it will be warmer and why?
Now let's watch how the sun moves across the sky during the day.
The teacher puts three pictures of the Sun on the board at different positions above the horizon throughout the day. And it demonstrates the change in the angle of incidence of sunlight depending on the time of day.
Teacher. Please draw a conclusion. What does the change in air temperature depend on?
Answer: The air temperature changes during the day as a result of changes in the height of the Sun above the horizon and the angle of incidence of the sun's rays.
Teacher. We have successfully overcome the first stage of knowledge, let's now solve the second problem. But with the same heating of the Earth, the surface of the ocean and land are heated differently. During the day, the air temperature over the ocean is colder than over land, and at night, on the contrary, it is warmer. Why?
IV. Teacher's explanation
Teacher. The air is transparent, it allows the sun's rays to pass through it and does not heat up. The rays hit the opaque earth's surface and heat it, and the air from the earth's surface heats up. Will water and land heat up at the same rate?
Water heats up slowly and cools down slowly.
Teacher. Draw a conclusion on this problem.
Answer: During the day, the air above the surface of the water will be cooler, and at night it will be warmer than above the land.
Teacher. Air temperature is measured using a thermometer (thermometer demonstration). Why should the thermometer not be placed in the sun?
A thermometer installed in the sun will show how many degrees the device itself has heated up, and not the air temperature. Therefore, the thermometer is installed in the shade. The most accurate temperature data is obtained at meteorological stations; the temperature is observed at a height of two meters from the earth's surface in a special booth.
Let's see what the booth for measuring air temperature is like in Figure 68, p. 107 of the textbook. Air easily penetrates into it, and the sun's rays do not enter.
Teacher. So, we have solved the problems, but I have a question. In the weather forecast on television or radio, we are told only one value (number) of air temperature. We already know that the temperature changes throughout the day, so what temperature value are they calling us (morning, afternoon, evening or some other)?
To understand all the tricks of calculating air temperature by meteorologists, let's look at a thermometer and learn how to calculate the daily amplitude of air temperature and the average daily air temperature.
Demonstration of a homemade thermometer attached to the board for measuring air temperature.
Teacher. The thermometer scale is divided into divisions. In the middle there is a value of zero. Above 0 0 there are divisions with positive temperature, and below 0 0 with negative temperature, therefore positive air temperature is called high, and negative air temperature is called low.
The difference between the highest and lowest air temperatures is called the daily air temperature range.
Recording the definition of the concept of daily air temperature amplitude in a notebook.
Teacher. Let's learn how to determine the daily amplitude of air temperature using the following thermometer readings:
Time |
Air temperature |
6 hours | |
10 hours | |
14 hours | |
18 hours | |
22 hours |
Algorithm for determining the daily amplitude of air temperature
- Find the highest air temperature among the temperature indicators;
- Find the lowest air temperature among the temperature indicators;
- From the highest air temperature, subtract the lowest air temperature.
Students write down the solution in a notebook.
1 0 C – (–8 0 C) = 9 0 C.
V. Group work
Each group of students receives the task of determining the daily amplitude of air temperature based on the proposed temperature indicators.
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Teacher. To compare the air temperature in different days or announce it to the population (with any one figure), it is necessary to calculate the average daily air temperature.
Algorithm for determining the average daily temperature air
- Add up all negative daily air temperatures;
- Add up all positive air temperature readings;
- Add up the sum of positive and negative air temperature indicators;
- Divide the resulting amount by the number of air temperature measurements per day.
Time |
Air temperature |
6 hours | |
10 hours | |
14 hours | |
18 hours | |
22 hours |
Students write down solutions in notebooks
– 8 0 С + (– 7 0 С) + (– 4 0 С) = – 19 0 С.
0 + 1 0 C = + 1 0 C.
– 19 0 C + 1 0 C = – 18 0 C.
– 18 0 C: 5 = – 3.6 0 C.
Teacher. Let's round up our calculations and get the answer: average daily temperature air is – 4 0 C.
Using the temperature readings you have, determine the average daily air temperature.
Teacher. Now it’s time to check what you have learned during the lesson and complete the test.
VI. Consolidation of acquired knowledge
Each group receives a sheet with test questions, answering which they solve the encrypted word.
Questions |
||||
On meteorological station air temperature is measured from the surface of the earth at a height: A) 3m. |
At night air temperature above the sea surface: P) warmer; |
Which of the following temperature values is the lowest: A) – 47 0 C; |
7h. +3 0 C. 13:00 +4 0 C. 19h. + 8 0 C. The daily amplitude of air temperature is: A) 11 0 C. |
Determine the average daily air temperature 7h. +3 0 C. O) + 5 0 C. |
Answers |
||||
The teacher posts the results of each group’s answers (answer sheets) on the board.
Teacher. Let's summarize the lesson. Answer the questions:
- What new things did you learn in class today?
- What have you learned?
VII. Grading
Homework announcement:
- Paragraph “Air temperature”
- Answer the question: why did Dunno grow on her nose? big icicle when he was ascending in a hot air balloon.
Looking through the statistics of visits to our blog, I noticed that search phrases such as, for example, very often appear “What should the coolant temperature be at minus 5 outside?”. I decided to post the old one schedule quality regulation heat supply based on average daily outside air temperature. I would like to warn those who, based on these figures, will try to figure out their relationship with housing departments or heating networks: heating schedules different for each individual locality (I wrote about this in the article). Heating networks in Ufa (Bashkiria) operate according to this schedule.
I also want to draw attention to the fact that regulation occurs according to average daily outside air temperature, so if, for example, outside at night minus 15 degrees, and during the day minus 5, then the coolant temperature will be maintained in accordance with the schedule at minus 10 o C.
Typically, the following temperature charts are used: 150/70 , 130/70 , 115/70 , 105/70 , 95/70 . The schedule is selected depending on specific local conditions. House heating systems operate according to schedules 105/70 and 95/70. Main heating networks operate according to schedules 150, 130 and 115/70.
Let's look at an example of how to use a chart. Let's say the temperature outside is minus 10 degrees. Heating network work according to temperature schedule 130/70 , which means when -10 o C the temperature of the coolant in the supply pipeline of the heating network should be 85,6 degrees, in the supply pipe of the heating system - 70.8 o C with a 105/70 schedule or 65.3 o C with a 95/70 schedule. The water temperature after the heating system should be 51,7 about S.
As a rule, the temperature values in the supply pipeline of heating networks are rounded when assigned to a heat source. For example, according to the schedule it should be 85.6 o C, but at a thermal power plant or boiler house it is set to 87 degrees.
Temperature outdoor air Tnv, o S |
Temperature of network water in the supply pipeline T1, o C |
Water temperature in the heating system supply pipe T3, o C |
Water temperature after the heating system T2, o C |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
150 | 130 | 115 | 105 | 95 | ||
8 | 53,2 | 50,2 | 46,4 | 43,4 | 41,2 | 35,8 |
7 | 55,7 | 52,3 | 48,2 | 45,0 | 42,7 | 36,8 |
6 | 58,1 | 54,4 | 50,0 | 46,6 | 44,1 | 37,7 |
5 | 60,5 | 56,5 | 51,8 | 48,2 | 45,5 | 38,7 |
4 | 62,9 | 58,5 | 53,5 | 49,8 | 46,9 | 39,6 |
3 | 65,3 | 60,5 | 55,3 | 51,4 | 48,3 | 40,6 |
2 | 67,7 | 62,6 | 57,0 | 52,9 | 49,7 | 41,5 |
1 | 70,0 | 64,5 | 58,8 | 54,5 | 51,0 | 42,4 |
0 | 72,4 | 66,5 | 60,5 | 56,0 | 52,4 | 43,3 |
-1 | 74,7 | 68,5 | 62,2 | 57,5 | 53,7 | 44,2 |
-2 | 77,0 | 70,4 | 63,8 | 59,0 | 55,0 | 45,0 |
-3 | 79,3 | 72,4 | 65,5 | 60,5 | 56,3 | 45,9 |
-4 | 81,6 | 74,3 | 67,2 | 62,0 | 57,6 | 46,7 |
-5 | 83,9 | 76,2 | 68,8 | 63,5 | 58,9 | 47,6 |
-6 | 86,2 | 78,1 | 70,4 | 65,0 | 60,2 | 48,4 |
-7 | 88,5 | 80,0 | 72,1 | 66,4 | 61,5 | 49,2 |
-8 | 90,8 | 81,9 | 73,7 | 67,9 | 62,8 | 50,1 |
-9 | 93,0 | 83,8 | 75,3 | 69,3 | 64,0 | 50,9 |
-10 | 95,3 | 85,6 | 76,9 | 70,8 | 65,3 | 51,7 |
-11 | 97,6 | 87,5 | 78,5 | 72,2 | 66,6 | 52,5 |
-12 | 99,8 | 89,3 | 80,1 | 73,6 | 67,8 | 53,3 |
-13 | 102,0 | 91,2 | 81,7 | 75,0 | 69,0 | 54,0 |
-14 | 104,3 | 93,0 | 83,3 | 76,4 | 70,3 | 54,8 |
-15 | 106,5 | 94,8 | 84,8 | 77,9 | 71,5 | 55,6 |
-16 | 108,7 | 96,6 | 86,4 | 79,3 | 72,7 | 56,3 |
-17 | 110,9 | 98,4 | 87,9 | 80,7 | 73,9 | 57,1 |
-18 | 113,1 | 100,2 | 89,5 | 82,0 | 75,1 | 57,9 |
-19 | 115,3 | 102,0 | 91,0 | 83,4 | 76,3 | 58,6 |
-20 | 117,5 | 103,8 | 92,6 | 84,8 | 77,5 | 59,4 |
-21 | 119,7 | 105,6 | 94,1 | 86,2 | 78,7 | 60,1 |
-22 | 121,9 | 107,4 | 95,6 | 87,6 | 79,9 | 60,8 |
-23 | 124,1 | 109,2 | 97,1 | 88,9 | 81,1 | 61,6 |
-24 | 126,3 | 110,9 | 98,6 | 90,3 | 82,3 | 62,3 |
-25 | 128,5 | 112,7 | 100,2 | 91,6 | 83,5 | 63,0 |
-26 | 130,6 | 114,4 | 101,7 | 93,0 | 84,6 | 63,7 |
-27 | 132,8 | 116,2 | 103,2 | 94,3 | 85,8 | 64,4 |
-28 | 135,0 | 117,9 | 104,7 | 95,7 | 87,0 | 65,1 |
-29 | 137,1 | 119,7 | 106,1 | 97,0 | 88,1 | 65,8 |
-30 | 139,3 | 121,4 | 107,6 | 98,4 | 89,3 | 66,5 |
-31 | 141,4 | 123,1 | 109,1 | 99,7 | 90,4 | 67,2 |
-32 | 143,6 | 124,9 | 110,6 | 101,0 | 94,6 | 67,9 |
-33 | 145,7 | 126,6 | 112,1 | 102,4 | 92,7 | 68,6 |
-34 | 147,9 | 128,3 | 113,5 | 103,7 | 93,9 | 69,3 |
-35 | 150,0 | 130,0 | 115,0 | 105,0 | 95,0 | 70,0 |
Please do not rely on the diagram at the beginning of the post - it does not correspond to the data from the table.
Temperature graph calculation
Calculation method temperature chart described in the reference book (Chapter 4, paragraph 4.4, p. 153).
This is a rather labor-intensive and time-consuming process, since for each outdoor temperature you need to count several values: T 1, T 3, T 2, etc.
To our joy, we have a computer and a spreadsheet processor MS Excel. A work colleague shared with me a ready-made table for calculating the temperature graph. It was made at one time by his wife, who worked as an engineer for a group of modes in thermal networks.
In order for Excel to calculate and build a graph, you just need to enter a few initial values:
- design temperature in the supply pipeline of the heating network T 1
- design temperature in the return pipeline of the heating network T 2
- design temperature in the heating system supply pipe T 3
- Outdoor temperature T n.v.
- Indoor temperature T v.p.
- coefficient " n"(it is, as a rule, unchanged and equal to 0.25)
- Minimum and maximum cut of the temperature graph Cut min, Cut max.
All. nothing more is required from you. The calculation results will be in the first table of the sheet. It is highlighted with a bold frame.
The charts will also adjust to the new values.
The table also calculates the temperature of direct network water taking into account wind speed.
Average daily or average monthly air temperature is important for characterizing climate. Like any average, it can be calculated by making several observations. The number of measurements, as well as the accuracy of the thermometer, depend on the purpose of the study.
You will need
Thermometer;
- paper;
- pencil:
- calculator.
Sponsored by P&G Articles on the topic "How to calculate the average temperature" How to find the average kinetic energy molecules How to determine the average temperature How to find the temperature of air at constant pressure
Instructions
To find the average daily outdoor temperature, take a regular outdoor thermometer. To characterize the climate, its accuracy is quite sufficient, it is 1°. In Russia, the Celsius scale is used for such measurements, but in some other countries, temperature can also be measured in Fahrenheit. In any case, it is necessary to use the same instrument for measurements, in as a last resort- different, but with exactly the same scale. It is highly desirable that the thermometer be calibrated against the reference one. Take readings at regular intervals. This can be done, for example, at 0 o'clock, at 6, 12 and 18. Other intervals are possible - after 4, 3, 2 hours or even hourly. It is necessary to carry out measurements under the same conditions. Hang the thermometer so that even during the hottest part of the day it is in the shade. Count and write down how many times you looked at the thermometer. At weather stations, observations are usually carried out every 3 hours, that is, 8 times a day. Add up all the readings. Divide the resulting sum by the number of observations. This will be the average daily temperature. A situation may arise when some readings are positive and others are negative. Add them up just like any other negative numbers. When adding two negative numbers, find the sum of the modules and put a minus in front of it. When operating with a positive and negative number, subtract from more the smaller number and prefix the result with a larger number sign. To find the average daytime or nighttime temperature, determine when noon and midnight occur in your area according to an astronomical clock. Maternity and summer time shifted these moments, and noon in Russia occurs at 14 o'clock, not at 12. For the average night temperature, calculate the moments six hours before midnight and the same time after it, that is, it will be 20 and 8 hours. Two more moments when you need to look at the thermometer - 23 and 5 o'clock. Take readings, add the results and divide the sum by the number of measurements. Determine the average daily temperature in the same way. Calculate the average monthly temperature. Add up the average daily readings for the month and divide by the number of days. In the same way, you can calculate monthly averages for daytime and nighttime temperatures. If observations are carried out systematically over several years, the climate norm can be calculated for each specific day. Add up the average daily temperatures for a certain day of a particular month over several years. Divide the amount by the number of years. In the future, it will be possible to compare the average daily temperature with this value.
How simple
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1. What is the average daily temperature?
The value of the average daily temperature is calculated as the arithmetic mean over 8 periods of the meteorological day.
2. On your website in the Climate Monitor there is some nonsense in the values of minimum and maximum temperatures. I compare with other sites and see significant discrepancies: the minimums are often too low and the highs are too high. What's the matter?
Unfortunately, weather stations in Russia and the CIS transmit to international exchange only the daily maximum and night minimum, these are the values you see on other sites. However, often (most often in winter) there is a monotonous increase (decrease) in temperature during the day, so the highest air temperature often occurs not during the day, but at the beginning of the meteorological day, roughly speaking, the night before. Also, as a result of the invasion of cold air during the day or strong cooling of the air for a long time winter evening The air temperature at the end of the meteorological day may be lower than in the morning. Therefore, we decided to consider the daily minimum to be the most low value temperature, selected from 8 urgent values and a night minimum, and a daily maximum - the most high value temperature selected from 8 urgent values, the value recorded at the beginning of the weather day and the daily maximum.
3. What is a meteorological day and when do they begin?
It depends on what time zone the weather station is located in. WMO (World Meteorological Organization) set the start time of the meteorological day for different time zones:
0 hours: 19-24 time zones;
6 hours: 13-18 time zones;
12 hours: 7-12 time zones;
18 hours: 1-6 time zones.
(Universal Time, UT). Thus, in the EPR, the meteorological day begins at 18 UT. At this time, the results of the day are summed up: average and extreme values of air temperature and other meteorological parameters are calculated, the amount of precipitation is determined, etc.
4. What is the difference between Moscow and Universal Time?
+4 hours in summer and winter.
5. I went to the Weather Records section (Climate Monitor). I look and think: wasn’t it too cold (hot) yesterday in city N: -96° (+75°)? Antarctica (Africa) is on vacation!
Air temperature and precipitation monitoring services are fully automated. Observers at weather stations encode weather information with a special code KN-01, from where it, after traveling a long way, goes to the world data center in Washington, and from there to our website, where it is decoded and processed. Sometimes during the encoding process errors occur that go through this entire chain unchanged. Currently, the site operates automated control of air temperature values, therefore most of errors are corrected within 12 hours. Unfortunately, the algorithm cannot correct some errors. Such errors must be corrected manually. Therefore, we will be grateful if you inform us of any inaccuracies you notice.
6. Do you plan to expand the list of stations in the Climate Monitor?
This is not planned, because Monitoring focuses not on quantity, but on quality. Errors inevitably occur in climate normals and current data. And the number of stations for which we can conduct a manual check is limited for obvious reasons.
7. For what period have you calculated climate data for cities in the World Climate section?
Average air temperature and precipitation, average wind, top and lower clouds, air humidity, snow cover, number of days with different types of precipitation, clear, cloudy and cloudy days calculated based on data for 1981-2010. Number of days since various phenomena and repeatability various types clouds are also calculated based on data for 1981-2010. When determining extreme values meteorological elements Data was taken for the entire observation period: archives were used from the sites meteo.ru, ncdc.noaa.gov, as well as other sources.
8. From what sources do you get the weather forecast?
Our website provides an extended combined weather forecast for 5 days, compiled using data from several global atmospheric models. The forecast update is fully automated and occurs without the participation of weather forecasters and the control of the site administrator. In addition, weather comfort is calculated using a unique method.
9. I, believing the weather forecast on your website, did not take an umbrella (hat) with me and got wet like a dog (frost-bitten ears), etc.
I found several errors in your data tables. Why are you giving false information?
We are not responsible for the accuracy of forecasts and the reliability of other meteorological data, because all information presented on the site is unofficial.
10. What should I do if I haven’t found the answer to my question here?
Write to us by email, we will try to answer your question.
Lesson objectives:
- Identify the causes of annual fluctuations in air temperature;
- establish the relationship between the height of the Sun above the horizon and air temperature;
- how to use a computer technical support information process.
Lesson Objectives:
Educational:
- developing skills and abilities to identify the causes of changes in the annual variation of air temperatures in different parts of the earth;
- plotting in Excel.
Educational:
- developing students’ skills in drawing up and analyzing temperature graphs;
- using Excel in practice.
Educational:
- nurturing interest in native land, ability to work in a team.
Lesson type: Systematization of ZUN and use of a computer.
Teaching method: Conversation, oral questioning, practical work.
Equipment: Physical map of Russia, atlases, personal computers (PCs).
During the classes
I. Organizational moment.
II. Main part.
Teacher: Guys, you know that the higher the Sun is above the horizon, the greater the angle of inclination of the rays, so the surface of the Earth, and from it the air of the atmosphere, heats up more. Let's look at the picture, analyze it and draw a conclusion.
Student work:
Work in a notebook.
Record in the form of a diagram. Slide 3
Recording in text.
Heating of the earth's surface and air temperature.
- The earth's surface is heated by the Sun, and from it the air is heated.
- The earth's surface heats up in different ways:
- depending on the different heights Sun above the horizon;
- depending on the underlying surface.
- air above earth's surface has different temperatures.
Teacher: Guys, we often say that it is hot in the summer, especially in July, and cold in January. But in meteorology, in order to establish which month was cold and which was warmer, they calculate from average monthly temperatures. To do this, you need to add up all the average daily temperatures and divide by the number of days of the month.
For example, the sum of average daily temperatures for January was -200°C.
200:30 days ≈ -6.6°C.
By monitoring the air temperature throughout the year, meteorologists found that the most heat air is observed in July, and the lowest in January. And we also found out that the Sun occupies its highest position in June -61° 50’, and its lowest in December 14° 50’. These months have the longest and shortest day lengths - 17 hours 37 minutes and 6 hours 57 minutes. So who is right?
Student answers: The thing is that in July the already heated surface continues to receive, although less than in June, but still sufficient quantity heat. Therefore, the air continues to heat up. And in January, although the arrival solar heat is already increasing somewhat, the surface of the Earth is still very cold and the air continues to cool from it.
Determination of annual air amplitude.
If we find the difference between the average temperature of the warmest and coldest month of the year, we will determine the annual amplitude of air temperature fluctuations.
For example, the average temperature in July is +32°C, and in January -17°C.
32 + (-17) = 49° C. This will be the annual amplitude.
Determination of average annual air temperature.
To find the average temperature of the year, you need to add everything up average monthly temperatures and divide by 12 months.
For example:
Student work: 23:12 ≈ +2° C- average annual temperature air.
Teacher: You can also determine the long-term temperature of the same month.
Definition long-term temperature air.
For example: average monthly temperature in July:
- 1996 - 22°C
- 1997 - 23° C
- 1998 - 25° C
Children's work: 22+23+25 = 70:3 ≈ 24° C
Teacher: Now guys, find on physical map Russian city of Sochi and the city of Krasnoyarsk. Determine their geographic coordinates.
Students use atlases to determine the coordinates of cities; one of the students shows the cities on the map at the board.
Practical work.
Today on practical work, which you perform on a computer, you will have to answer the question: Will the air temperature graphs coincide for different cities?
Each of you has a piece of paper on your desk that shows the algorithm for doing the work. The PC stores a file with a ready-to-fill table containing free cells for entering formulas used in calculating the amplitude and average temperature.
Algorithm for performing practical work:
- Open the My Documents folder, find the Practical file. work 6th grade
- Enter the air temperatures in Sochi and Krasnoyarsk into the table.
- Using the Chart Wizard, build a graph for the values of the range A4: M6 (give the name of the graph and axes yourself).
- Enlarge the plotted graph.
- Compare (orally) the results obtained.
- Save the work under the name PR1 geo (last name).
month | Jan. | Feb. | March | Apr. | May | June | July | Aug. | Sep. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |
Sochi | 1 | 5 | 8 | 11 | 16 | 22 | 26 | 24 | 18 | 11 | 8 | 2 |
Krasnoyarsk | -36 | -30 | -20 | -10 | +7 | 10 | 16 | 14 | +5 | -10 | -24 | -32 |
III. The final part of the lesson.
- Do your temperature graphs coincide for Sochi and Krasnoyarsk? Why?
- Which city experiences lower air temperatures? Why?
Conclusion: The greater the angle of incidence of the sun's rays and the closer the city is located to the equator, the higher the air temperature (Sochi). The city of Krasnoyarsk is located further from the equator. Therefore, the angle of incidence of the sun's rays is smaller here and the air temperature readings will be lower.
Homework: paragraph 37. Construct a graph of air temperatures based on your weather observations for the month of January.
Literature:
- Geography 6th grade. T.P. Gerasimova N.P. Neklyukova. 2004.
- Geography lessons 6th grade. O.V. Rylova. 2002.
- Lesson developments 6th grade. ON THE. Nikitina. 2004.
- Lesson developments 6th grade. T.P. Gerasimova N.P. Neklyukova. 2004.