What does municipal solid waste management mean? Municipal solid waste, legislative updates
In January 2016, the change in collection and transportation will come into force solid waste(MSW). If now this type of service is classified as housing, then from January 1, 2016, municipal enterprises will take over the collection and transportation of solid waste. Such changes will entail significant changes in charges for the provision of this type of service, as well as the payment procedure.
“Municipal solid waste” in the new legislation
The upcoming changes are directly related to Federal Law No. 458-FZ “On Amendments to the Federal Law “On Industrial and Consumption Waste”, which was adopted on December 29, 2014. The document contains a radically new approach to working with solid waste. The law spells out new principles for the handling, storage, neutralization and disposal of solid waste. The beginning of next year will be the start for the entry into force of the main provisions of the federal law, although some innovations have already been implemented.
For example, from January 1, 2015, the “garbage issue” acquired new concepts. The main ones were: “municipal solid waste” (MSW), “standard for MSW accumulation”, “MSW management operator”, “regional MSW management operator”.
It is worth noting that the abbreviation “MSW”, which is widely used, is a thing of the past. Very soon the concept of “solid waste” will be replaced by “ municipal solid waste».
MSW and MSW: what is the difference?
What is the difference between solid waste and solid waste, and what is the point of this innovation? The main distinguishing feature of TKO is that even though it is still the same garbage which must be disposed of, federal legislation no longer distinguishes between residential and non-residential solid waste, as was previously the case with solid waste. Now solid municipal waste will be calculated according to accumulation standards per unit of time, and will be set differently for different groups of consumers.
The standard for the accumulation of municipal solid waste can be established by both the subject of the Russian Federation and the municipality, if it is entrusted with the necessary powers. The situation is similar with marginal tariffs for MSW management. Of course, the rules themselves for commercial accounting of the volume and mass of MSW remain with the Government of the Russian Federation.
Another innovation will be the emergence of MSW management operators, and most importantly, the emergence of a regional operator. Now service organizations (managerial organizations, homeowners' associations, housing cooperatives) will have to enter into appropriate agreements with regional operators, in accordance with the requirements of the Government of the Russian Federation. As for the owners of private residential buildings, they will be able to enter into contracts directly with the regional operator without involving third parties.
With the adoption of the law, a lot of questions and unclear points arose that consumers could not understand. At the moment, work is underway at the regional level to prepare a regulatory framework in this matter in order to clarify certain provisions of the law. So we just have to wait a little longer.
TKO is an abbreviation that appeared relatively recently. Previously, the name “MSW” appeared in all documents. In addition to changes in the name of the waste group, some amendments were made to the law regarding the rules for handling MSW and the procedure for calculating standards. Therefore, the topic of the article is relevant for most of our population.
The concept of “municipal solid waste” (MSW) was established and defined in Federal Law dated December 29, 2014 No. 458-FZ(as amended on November 28, 2015). Aspects of this law regulate certain waste management requirements.
According to the law, MSW is waste that is constantly generated in residential buildings as a result of the use of any goods by residents. MSW also includes items that have become unusable as a result of their consumption by residents of houses for personal and household purposes. In addition to waste accumulated during the life of individuals, the MSW group consists of waste generated in the work of organizations and individuals registered as individual entrepreneurs, which in its component content is close to residential waste.
Composition of MSW
The law spells out the rights and obligations of government authorities at various levels in the area related to the management of solid waste. It also specifies the rules for obtaining a license for organizations that wish to collect, transport, process, and dispose of municipal waste.
In each subject of the Russian Federation, by law, special organizations must be created to carry out all actions with MSW - regional operators. When selecting regional operators that are legal entities, a competition is held, as a result of which the winning organization receives permission to carry out activities for the management of solid waste in the regions of the entire subject of the Russian Federation for a period of at least 10 years.
Manufacturers and importers of products are required by law to dispose of waste generated after consumption of these products. If this obligation is not met, a certain amount of environmental tax is paid by importers and producers.
This law came into force on January 1, 2015, except for some of its aspects, for which other effective dates were determined (or changed).
Hazard Class
The entire list of types of waste that make up MSW can be viewed in the FKKO. According to this classification catalog, it is also possible to determine the hazard class of a particular type of municipal waste. As a rule, a larger number of different groups of MSW are classified as waste hazard class IV or V.
Rules of circulation
All rules for the management of MSW are specified in detail in the document “On the management of MSW” established by the Government of the Russian Federation dated November 12, 2016 No. 1156. Let's get acquainted with some aspects of the Rules.
The document states that all manipulations with MSW must be carried out in conditions of safety for people and the natural environment.
The organization appointed by the regional operator draws up an agreement with consumers, according to which this organization becomes responsible for all stages of municipal waste management. The operator’s activities are determined by the region’s program in the field of MSW management and are carried out in accordance with the corresponding territorial scheme.
Actions related to the collection, transportation, processing, disposal, disposal and storage of MSW are carried out directly by the regional operator itself or with the help of other organizations working with waste.
MSW storage locations for consumers are determined in an agreement concluded with the regional operator. Waste collection can be carried out:
- in houses in garbage collection chambers equipped with special containers;
- in containers of various sizes located in specially designated areas on the street;
- in disposable (bags) or other containers provided by the operator himself.
Bulky waste should be stored:
- in bunkers on sites;
- in a specially designated area for large-sized waste.
According to the Rules, the priority technology for processing MSW is the one that allows automated waste sorting. Also, preference in waste disposal is given to technologies that ultimately ensure the production of secondary raw materials for various industries.
An important point when processing MSW is the exclusion of hazardous waste (classes I and II) from the total mass so that it does not end up in landfills.
The Rules stipulate all possible reasons according to which the activities of regional operators may be terminated.
Accumulation standards
The standards for the accumulation of MSW are specified in Decree of the Russian Government of April 4, 2016 No. 269.
Note! When determining standard values, waste generated during cleaning of local areas is also taken into account.
For any differentiated category of objects, standards are determined separately. To establish standard values, waste is measured in accordance with established rules.
In order to calculate standards, special formulas are used that determine the following indicators:
- The average daily standard for the season, which can be expressed in different units of measurement depending on the use of mass or volumetric values.
- The average daily standard for different seasons (periods of the year), which can also be expressed in units of mass or volume per 1 calculation unit/day.
- Average monthly and annual standards.
Density
The density of MSW (formerly MSW) is determined in the process of calculating waste accumulation standards. This is an important indicator, to establish which it is necessary to know the volume and mass of garbage. For this purpose, the accumulated waste is leveled and its parameters are measured using a special ruler. After this, the MSW is weighed and the mass of the container is subtracted from the resulting total mass. Using the obtained numbers, a subsequent calculation of the average density of waste is made, in which it is necessary to determine the daily accumulation rate (depending on the number of residents), the average monthly and average annual standards, and the annual MSW rate. Only by calculating the standards can the average density be determined.
Additional Information! The above calculations must be carried out by specialists in compliance with the standards and formulas specified in our legislation. In addition, certain equipment is required to carry out such work.
MSW disposal
Every year, over 70 million tons of MSW are generated in our country. Almost all waste can be recycled. However, in Russia, most municipal waste is simply stored in landfills, the area of which is constantly increasing. This method of waste disposal is irrational both from an economic and environmental point of view. Therefore, the issue of proper processing of MSW requires close attention of the authorities and environmental services.
Let's look at the main methods of municipal waste disposal that exist today.
Burial. The cheapest way. However, it has many disadvantages. When waste decomposes in landfills, toxic substances are released into the external environment, polluting water, atmosphere and soil. At the same time, huge territories are required, which after the liquidation of the landfill will be unusable for a long time. When implementing this method, it is necessary to comply with the rules for the location of landfills: they must be created outside the boundaries of populated areas, recreation and water protection areas, and medical institutions.
Burning. A common method today. The product of the process is ash, the volume of which is much less than the volume of MSW before combustion. The ash is usually taken to landfills. This method also has certain disadvantages associated with a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, they are trying to improve it through the use of afterburning furnaces with a gas purification system and an electrical energy generator.
An environmentally more sustainable method is pyrolysis - the decomposition of waste in the absence of air at high temperatures.
Composting. A method for decomposing the organic component of waste. Its essence is to create compost heaps in which waste is stored. In such heaps, decomposition of organic components occurs due to the activity of microorganisms. The disadvantage of this method is that during biodegradation of waste an unpleasant odor appears. The method also requires preliminary sorting of waste.
MSW recycling. Most waste can be recycled to produce new materials and products. The method allows you to save natural resources, protect the environment and obtain a cheap raw material base.
Different components of MSW are processed in different ways.
Metal materials are sorted, pressed and packaged, after which the processed waste is sent to metallurgical enterprises for the purpose of remelting.
Plastic components serve as raw materials for the production of new products: polyester sheets and fibers, etc.
From glass residues, technical glass is obtained, which is used in construction work. During the processing process, raw materials are sorted, cleaned, dried, crushed and heated for further melting.
Paper waste (together with fresh raw materials) is used to produce new paper. The collected waste paper is sorted, cleaned, in some cases bleached, and then sent to pulp and paper mills.
Wood waste is used to produce many building materials (for example, fiberboard, chipboard), fuel briquettes, pellets, etc.
Discarded electrical appliances are often a source of non-ferrous metals and polymers suitable for further use as raw materials.
Oily waste (asphalt, bitumen) is also processed.
Thus, the processing of each type of MSW is carried out using different technologies, so the most important stage of this disposal method is waste sorting.
Television correspondents talk in a video about one of the modern landfills for solid waste located in the Vologda region, the principles of its operation and the problems of unauthorized landfills
Innovations regarding the rules for working with MSW are not yet clear to every resident of our country. The change in the name itself (MSW to MSW) and the updated process for making payments for the provision of waste management services caused a lot of controversy. Unfortunately, only outdated methods of recycling solid municipal (household) waste remain unchanged.
Removal, processing and disposal of waste from hazard classes 1 to 5
We work with all regions of Russia. Valid license. A complete set of closing documents. Individual approach to the client and flexible pricing policy.
Using this form, you can submit a request for services, request a commercial offer, or receive a free consultation from our specialists.
Better known as solid waste, municipal solid waste is the remains of products and items that have been used in everyday life and have lost their consumer characteristics. Let's figure out what MSW or MSW is?
Federal Law No. 458 of December 29, 2014 - Federal Law introduced changes to the very concept of solid waste. A new term has appeared, TKO. What is municipal solid waste? This is household waste from residential buildings. But the concept of solid waste is broader; it also includes waste generated at enterprises, similar in composition to household solid waste. The concept of municipal solid waste includes several more groups of waste.
All municipal solid waste can be divided into two groups:
- Biological waste.
- Household waste, in other words, ordinary garbage.
Thus, MSW is the most diverse group of waste. Of all the diversity, the main varieties can be distinguished:
- biological remains
- synthetic MSW
- cellulose
- petroleum products
MSW management
Changes in federal law also affected the removal of solid waste. If previously management companies had to do this, they also set the cost of removal for residents. Now this is the responsibility of regional operators. A specific export scheme has been established. The waste is transported to a nearby MSW landfill.
It is worth understanding that it is impossible to suddenly switch from the old system to the new one. This is planned to be done gradually. The reference year is 2017. The rules for handling municipal solid waste are prescribed in regulatory documents and are gradually being finalized.
Regional operator
This term refers to a legal entity involved in the management of solid waste in a designated area. To do this, it is necessary to conclude an agreement for the provision of services with management companies or directly with the owners.
The operator is selected through competition. The contract with him is concluded for a period of 10 years. Previously, the fee for this service was calculated based on the area of the premises available to the owner. Now the fee will be set based on the standard for municipal solid waste per person.
The accumulation standard is the average volume of MSW per unit of time, according to Federal Law No. 89.
MSW disposal
There are several ways to get rid of unwanted junk.
Burial
The most financially profitable way. But at the same time, it has a detrimental effect on nature and irrationally occupies the territory. MSW storage is carried out in special landfills and landfills equipped with the necessary facilities.
Burial sites should be located outside residential, recreational, water protection zones, medical institutions, and places of public recreation. The burial of radioactive, toxic, that is, hazardous waste is unacceptable.
During the decomposition of waste, harmful fumes are produced. They cause damage to the soil, nearby ground and surface water, the atmosphere, and can also cause harm to humans. When gases are released, there is a high probability of their ignition. In such a situation, landfill gas requires proper handling, that is, it needs to be collected and disposed of.
The advantage of this method is its low cost. But at the same time, this requires large territories, which in the future will be unsuitable for economic work and life. To correct the situation it will be necessary to spend a lot of time and invest a lot of money in it.
Burning
The most popular way. At the exit, ash is formed, occupying significantly less space than the original MSW. As a rule, the remaining ash is removed. This method has disadvantages. During the combustion of MSW, large amounts of toxic substances are released.
Residues of substances have a detrimental effect on the nature in the vicinity of this place. To get rid of this disadvantage, it is necessary to use afterburning furnaces. They neutralize harmful substances. Modern incinerators have a cleaning system and an electricity generator.
The advantages of this method are low financial costs and a reduction in the volume of balances. In addition, the heat released during the combustion process can be used to generate electricity and for heating. The main disadvantage is toxicity.
A type of combustion is pyrolysis - thermal decomposition of waste in the absence of air. It helps preserve the environment.
Composting
Thanks to composting, up to 30% of MSW is recycled, this applies to safe organic waste. To facilitate the fight against MSW, their systematic sorting is necessary. Increasingly, in Russian yards you can see containers for certain types of MSW. For example, containers for plastic containers, broken glass, paper.
Garbage containers for hazardous MSW are becoming increasingly popular:
- used batteries
- used thermometers
- old lamps
To prevent hazardous household waste from causing irreparable harm to the environment, it must be sorted.
Recycling
MSW is a sought-after recyclable material; the recycling of household waste makes it possible to produce a large number of products, for example, paper products, glass containers, and various scraps of metal and plastic.
Recycling waste into recyclable materials allows not only to reduce the amount of waste disposed of, but also to save natural resources, the number of which is decreasing every year.
Types of waste suitable for recycling:
- Scrap of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Metal residues are sorted through a magnetic separation process, pressed, packaged and sent to foundries for remelting.
- Plastics. Reusing polymer residues is problematic due to the degree of contamination. In addition, recyclable materials do not meet quality requirements. It is more expensive to process polymers into recycled materials than to produce primary ones. Recycling is carried out only if there are no strict requirements for the resulting material.
- Glass container. Used for the production of technical glass used in construction. To do this, cullet is sorted, cleaned, dried, crushed and heated, followed by remelting.
- Waste paper. After collecting paper waste, the raw materials are first sorted. Afterwards, waste paper is obtained and cleaned. The pulp may subsequently be bleached and ultimately sent to paper production. New paper is produced using recycled and virgin raw materials combined.
- Wood. This material is in demand in construction. Recycling allows you to save on the costs of producing primary products.
- Used electronics. When recycling used electronic circuit boards, you can obtain gold, silver, palladium, as well as nickel, iron, copper and glass polymers. The sorted metal is then sent to a smelting furnace.
- Petroleum products. Asphalt, bitumen, oils.
Each type of waste has its own processing technology. Mixed MSW is sorted using various types of separation.
The main composition of MSW is garbage from residential premises; in the legal interpretation, these are goods that have lost their value. It does not matter who the owner of the waste is: an individual or a legal entity.
Removal of MSW (municipal solid waste) takes place according to the general scheme: transport and a container for waste collection are supplied, filled and transported to the place of sorting, burial, processing or destruction.
Features of MSW removal in Moscow
Standard MSW removal in Moscow looks like a one-time order or a permanent contract with an organization. It is possible to supply containers to sites and replace them as they are filled or on schedule. You can also order the services of workers and loaders for collecting waste and dismantling structures.
Advantages of the company Sanitarim
Sanitary specialists remove waste 24/7. At the same time, lawyers take into account the subtleties of the law and know how to correctly draw up accompanying and payment documents. Nothing has changed for customers - you can still order MSW removal around the clock, from any district of Moscow, choose a capacity, additional services and a convenient payment option.
A new service since 2017 is the management of municipal solid waste. What is the difference with MSW and MSW, what changes does this entail and what is the management company obliged to do?
The term “municipal solid waste” was introduced on January 1, 2016. This was first reflected in the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, in Art. 154 states that MSW is a public service. Then a legal framework began to be developed, which at the time of 2017 consists of:
- Rules for handling MSW,
- changes in the Rules for the provision of utility services<...> №354,
- Environmental laws also have a great influence on reforms in the MSW sector.
Responsibility for handling MSW
This utility service is provided by the regional operator together with the management company. Responsibilities are divided as follows:
- The management company is obliged to maintain container sites, monitor the cleanliness and correct placement;
- The operator himself transports the waste to landfills or other designated waste collection sites.
- If the apartment building does not have a centralized drainage system, then the removal of liquid waste remains the responsibility of the organization managing the house.
MSW in the receipt is listed in a separate column; now they are not included in the maintenance of common property.
What does the operator do other than take out the trash? It bears full responsibility for the full recycling cycle: waste reception (removal from sites), transportation (transportation to a landfill, etc.), processing and neutralization, as well as disposal (there are separate regulations for this).
Time to transition to new orders
The question is when the regional MSW management operator will be able to begin its work. To conclude an agreement, you need:
- so that a unified tariff for the management of MSW is formed in the region - then payment for MSW will be more transparent;
- conclude an agreement for the removal of MSW between the operator and the administration.
- The house, through the management company, enters into a standard agreement for the management of solid waste.
The method of concluding a contract varies:
- if the house is managed by a management company, then a management agreement for the apartment building is drawn up.
- if the house is managed by an HOA, etc., then an agreement on the provision of utility services is drawn up.
- private homes can also enter into an agreement with the operator directly themselves.
But this will always be an agreement directly with the owners of residential premises and other things.
Norms and requirements
The management of MSW is regulated by rules, violation of which entails termination of the contract and fines. The main thing in MSW waste removal is how often it is removed. Agree that having container bins littered in your yard is a pleasure.
The frequency of removal depends on the ambient temperature and is divided into cold and warm seasons (the average daily temperature should be below or above 5°C, respectively):
- at least once every 3 days in winter;
- daily in summer.
Deviations from the deadlines should not exceed 72 hours for the entire month (in total of all times), and once it is permissible to delay garbage collection by 24 hours in warm weather and 2 days in cold weather. There are penalties for violating deadlines - a reduction in the amount of payment. Every 24 hours in one billing period is minus 3.3%.
MSW on the receipt
- goes on a separate line; payment for solid waste should be excluded from the receipt.
- the fee is distributed according to the number of people registered in the house or the size of the living space (depending on the method adopted in your region).
- the price also depends on whether separate collection of MSW is organized for this house.
The difference between MSW and MSW
What is the fundamental difference between MSW and MSW that the authorities introduced a new service and canceled the old one from January 1, 2019?
- municipal solid waste
- municipal solid waste
In general, there is no fundamental difference between them. This is the same garbage that we take to container sites. Previously, the definition stated that it was only residential waste, which differed for residential premises. And now the standard takes into account the rate of accumulation and is set not according to the residential/non-residential principle, but for different consumers in different ways. That is, the average family and the cafe on the ground floor of the house will accumulate garbage, obviously at different rates. Therefore, the former will pay less, and the cafe owner will pay more.