What do frogs eat interactive. Who are frogs and what do they eat in their natural habitat?
It is probably difficult to find a person who spoke with tenderness about the earthen toad. On the contrary, they come up with various fables, for example, some people think that the touch of amphibian representatives can cause warts and even death.
And few people know that they are crop nurses. Namely, they cope with those they cannot catch. Since toads hunt at night, like most garden pests.
Features and habitat
If we consider the geographic zones where ground toads live, we can see them both in wetlands and in arid deserts, forests, and meadows. In any case, there must be a body of water nearby. It is there that they spend the mating season and spawn. This is a feature of all amphibians.
Character and lifestyle of the earthen toad
By earth toad description There are 579 species. Only six varieties are known. On photo ordinary ground toad gray color. The most common species in the Far East and Central Asia.
Adults are 7 cm long, and the width is almost one and a half times greater - 12 cm. The back is dark in color with warts, the abdomen has lighter tones.
Gray ground toad
Far Eastern. The habitat of fauna representatives is water meadows and shady forests. The color of the back is gray with bright spots of black-brown tint, the surface is covered with warts.
The abdomen is light in color. Females differ from males in being larger in size. The eyes are red. There are spines on the paws. Sakhalin and Korea are called habitats.
Far Eastern ground toad
Green. The color of the back is gray with openwork spots of a marsh shade. The animal seems to be in camouflage, camouflaging itself well from enemies. Therefore, it lives freely in meadows with little grass. He can’t jump, but prefers to move slowly.
The photo shows a green toad
Caucasian. It is ahead of all its fellows in height, which varies from 12 to 12.5 cm in length. Adults are gray with brown overtones.
Younger specimens are distinguished by their orange color. The homeland of the animals is the Western Caucasus. They can be found in mountainous areas, sometimes in caves if there is high humidity.
Caucasian ground toad
Reed. It bears a strong resemblance to the green toad. It is included in the Red List, as the species is on the verge of extinction. Homeland - Kaliningrad region, Baltic states, Belarus, Switzerland. Loves places near bodies of water - bushes, swampy lowlands.
Reed toad
Mongolian toad. Lives in Western, Baltic states. The warts on the back of females have a smooth structure, which cannot be said about males - they have spikes. The color is gray with olive spots. Moreover, they are all of different shapes and sizes. The abdomen is light without signs of spots.
In the photo there is a Mongolian ground toad
Sometimes animals can live in the cellar where vegetables are stored for the winter. This is quite natural. After all, if there is moisture, this is the native element of toads. Before how to remove a ground toad from a cellar, some measures should be taken:
1. In the summer, open the cellar and take out all the equipment to dry. While the shelving is drying, insulate the basement. To do this, remove the top layer of the floor and fill it with sand. Compact everything thoroughly.
This will serve as a cushion for waterproofing. Then cover the ground part with film and fill it with concrete. Wait until it dries completely and proceed to processing the walls and ceiling.
Inspect everything carefully for the presence of cracks, if there are any, also cement the surfaces. Treat the walls and ceiling with lime or any protective agents against fungus. Now you can bring in dry racks.
2. Use traps.
Feeding the toad
The toad is primarily nocturnal. The exception is rainy weather and sunset. Then the predator goes hunting. Its diet includes all spineless slugs, . The signal for a raid on prey is the slightest movement of the insect.
Often, due to their slowness, animals end up in wells and cellars. Then their life ends in captivity. But they continue to exist and feed on the little that falls, for example, into a well.
The toad has always aroused hostility among people and its appearance in the garden is considered a misfortune. But, knowing what the earth toad eats, you can’t call it anything other than an area cleaner. Per day ground toad in the garden eats up to 8 g of insects.
If birds do not hunt for garden pests at night, night orderlies will take care of this. So what is it ground toad and what does it bring once settled? in the garden, benefit or harm, In my opinion, the answer is clear - toads only benefit agricultural crops.
For some reason, many people don’t like such orderlies and are looking for ways how to get rid of ground toads:
1. The area should be cleared of wood waste so that animals do not have the opportunity to hide.
2. If you have dogs, do not leave leftover food in the bowl.
3. Eliminate access to water. This will not only repel toads, but also insects that love moisture.
4. Sprinkle your paths with rock salt.
5. The use of pesticides is considered an effective method.
Reproduction and lifespan of the earthen toad
Before spawning, we should remind you that How do earth toads breed? The animal approaches the pond during the mating season. For temperate climates this is spring, in the tropics this is the rainy season. Males are already waiting for them, making unusual sounds. Two individuals mate. As a result, the eggs are fertilized.
Ground toad caviar
Although the toad is a land toad, the process of producing offspring always takes place in water. Let's figure out how ground toads reproduce in a pond. Animals spawn eggs, which have an interesting appearance - it looks like a thin string.
In some varieties it can reach 8 meters. After the eggs enter the reservoir, they can be found at the bottom or entwined in water reeds.
Tailed tadpoles emerge from the eggs and continue to exist there. After about two months, young individuals are ready for terrestrial life and move to land. Next year ground toad ready for procreation.
The frog is considered an amphibian animal, as it can live both on land and on land. Most often it can be found on the banks of rivers and lakes, but often the frog can be seen near houses and in vegetable gardens, and this usually happens in rainy weather. In most cases, you can find a green representative of the fauna in swamps; there are also those that prefer to live in the grass or in trees, only occasionally going to bodies of water.
Habitat
Frogs can be found throughout the area earthly globe, with the exception of Australia and Antarctica. Having matured, this amphibian leaves its native body of water and goes to travel, but with the onset of a cold period, it returns back to bury itself in the bottom silt and hibernate until spring. During hibernation, all life processes in the amphibian’s body freeze, the heart beats slower, and only with the onset of warmth does it begin its active activity. About 5,000 species of various species of frogs live in nature; in our country, pond and grass species of these amphibians are more common. Its practical place of life can be any body of water where there is food around it and a lot of moisture.
Many people mistakenly believe that a frog and a toad are the same animal, but this is not the case. If you compare them, you can find both common features and differences. The frog's skin is wet to the touch, smooth and slippery, while the toad's skin is dry and has warty growths on the surface. A frog can lay more eggs per season than a toad, and these representatives of amphibians also differ in their color.
What do frogs eat
Basic diet adult frogs consist of insects:
They obtain their food with the help of a long tongue, which shoots out of their mouth and grab their victim on the fly. If they settle in the garden, they bring great benefit to humans; they eat flies. mosquitoes, which are especially annoying in the summer season. There are some species of predatory frogs that eat small mice during periods of hunger, and larger ones can catch a small bird that has landed on the surface of a reservoir, and even their relatives. Almost all amphibians hunt by sitting motionless in a shelter, catching their prey with their tongue.
Who eats frogs
For many animals, this amphibian is easy booty, among them there are many birds, these are:
In addition to birds, other animals also feed on them, including foxes, otters, snakes, and a domestic cat can also feast on them. Also, in reservoirs, predatory fish, catfish, pike, and pike perch are not averse to snacking on them. But not only animals appreciated the taste of the frog; in France and some eastern countries, frog legs are considered a real delicacy. Frog meat, in its taste, is in many ways reminiscent of chicken meat, it is tender and pleasant to the taste.
Certain species of these amphibians
Much more could be written about these inhabitants of reservoirs, and although they all spend most of their time on land, they began their lives in reservoirs. Each amphibian lays eggs in water; the eggs hatch into fry, which at first breathe through gills, but as they grow older, their gills become overgrown. Tadpoles feed mainly on plant foods, algae, mud, ciliates and the like, however, a small number of tadpoles survive to adulthood; they are eaten by swimming beetles, fieldfare thrushes and other forest inhabitants.
Toad, or real toad, belongs to the class of amphibians, order of anurans, family of toads (Bufonidae). The families of toads and frogs are sometimes confused. There are even languages that use one name to identify these amphibians.
Toad - description and characteristics. What is the difference between a toad and a frog?
Toads have a slightly flattened body with a rather large head and pronounced parotid glands. The upper jaw of the wide mouth is devoid of teeth. The eyes are large with horizontally located pupils. The toes of the fore and hind limbs, located on the sides of the body, are connected by swimming membranes. Some people ask the question why does a frog jump and a toad only walk?. The fact is that the hind limbs of toads are quite short, so they are slow, not as jumping as frogs, and swim poorly. But with a lightning-fast movement of their tongue, they grab insects flying by. Unlike toads, the frog's skin is smooth and needs to be moisturized, so the frog spends all its time in or near water. The skin of toads is drier, keratinized, does not require constant hydration and is completely covered with warts.
The toad's poison glands are located on its back. They secrete mucus that causes an unpleasant burning sensation but does not cause much harm to humans. The toad is an amphibian, colored in shades of gray, brown or black with spotted streaks, easily hiding from enemies. The bright color of the toad indicates its poisonousness.
The size of the toad ranges from 25 mm to 53 cm, and the weight of large individuals can be more than a kilogram. Their average life expectancy is 25-35 years, some individuals live up to 40 years.
Types of toads, names and photos
The toad family includes 579 species, distributed into 40 genera, of which only a third live in Eurasia. In the CIS countries, 6 species of the genus Bufo are common:
- gray or common toad;
- green toad;
- Far Eastern toad;
- Caucasian toad;
- reed or stinking toad;
- Mongolian toad.
Below you will find a more detailed description of these toads.
- Common toad (gray toad) (Bufo bufo)
one of the largest representatives of the family. The wide, squat body of the common toad can be painted in a wide variety of colors - from gray and olive to dark terracotta and brown. The eyes of this toad species are bright orange, with horizontal pupils. The secretion secreted by the skin glands is absolutely not toxic to humans. The common toad lives in Russia, Europe, and also in the northwestern countries of Africa. The toad lives almost everywhere, preferring to settle in dry zones of forest-steppes and forests; it is often found in parks or recently plowed fields.
- (Bufo viridis)
This type of toad has a grayish-olive color, complemented by large spots of a dark green tone, bordered by a black stripe. This “camouflage” coloring is an excellent camouflage from enemies. The green toad's skin secretes a toxic substance that is dangerous to its enemies. The hind limbs are long, but rather poorly developed, so the toad rarely jumps, preferring to walk slowly. This species of toad lives in Southern and Central Europe, North Africa, Western, Middle and Central Asia, and is found in the Volga region. A more southern species than the gray toad, in the north of Russia it reaches only the Vologda and Kirov regions. For living, the green toad chooses open places - meadows, fields overgrown with short grass, river floodplains.
- (Bufo gargarizans)
Representatives of this species can have different body colors - from dark gray to olive with a brownish tint. There are small spines on the skin outgrowths of the Far Eastern toad, the upper part of the body is decorated with spectacular longitudinal stripes, the abdomen is always lighter, usually without a pattern, less often - covered with small spots. The female Far Eastern toad is always larger than the male and has a wider head. The distribution area is quite wide: the toad of this species lives in China and Korea, inhabits the territory of the Far East and Sakhalin, and is found in Transbaikalia. Prefers to settle in damp places - in shady forests, water meadows, and river floodplains.
- Caucasian (Colchian) toad (Bufo verrucosissimus)
The largest amphibian found in Russia can reach 12.5 cm in length. The skin color is either dark gray or light brown. Individuals that have not reached sexual maturity are pale orange in color. The toad's habitat covers only the regions of the Western Caucasus. The Colchian toad inhabits forested areas of mountains and foothills, and is less common in wet caves.
- Reed or stinking toad ( Bufo calamita)
a fairly large amphibian up to 8 cm in length, the body color varies from gray-olive to brown or brown-sand, with green spots, the abdomen is grayish-white. A narrow yellow stripe runs along the back of the reed toad. The skin is lumpy, but there are no spines on the growths. Males have a highly developed throat resonator. A representative of this species of toad lives in European countries: in its northern and eastern parts, its distribution area includes Great Britain, the southern territories of Sweden, and the Baltic states. The reed toad is found in Belarus, western Ukraine, and the Kaliningrad region of Russia. The toad chooses the banks of reservoirs, swampy lowlands, shady and damp thickets of bushes as its place of residence.
- (Bufo raddei)
The body of this toad is slightly flattened, with a round head, slightly pointed in the front, and can reach 9 cm in length. The eyes are strongly bulging. The skin of the Mongolian toad is covered with a huge number of warts; in females they are smooth, but in males they are often covered with prickly spines. The color of the species is varied: there are individuals of light gray, golden beige or rich brown. Specks of various geometries form a spectacular pattern on the back of the toad; in the middle part of the back there is a clearly defined light stripe. The abdomen is grayish or pale yellow, without spots. The Mongolian toad chooses the south of Siberia as its habitat (it is found on the coast of Lake Baikal, in the Chita region, in Buryatia), and inhabits the Far East, Korea, the foothills of Tibet, China, and Mongolia.
- Pineal-headed toad (Anaxyrus terrestris)
a species found only in the southeastern United States. In structure it is not very different from its relatives; the only characteristic feature of the cone-headed toad is rather high ridges located longitudinally on the head and forming large swellings behind the eyes of the amphibian. Some individuals reach 11 cm in length; the color of the skin, covered with many warts, can range from dark brown and bright green to brown, grayish or yellow. By the way, the wart-like outgrowths are always either darker or lighter than the main color tone, so the coloring of the toad looks very variegated. The amphibian prefers to settle on light and dry sandstones with sparse plant cover. It often chooses semi-desert areas for habitat, and sometimes settles near human dwellings.
- Cricket toad (Anaxyrus debilis)
The body length of these amphibians reaches 3.5-3.7 cm, and females are always larger than males. The main color tone of the toad is green or slightly yellowish; brown-black spots are superimposed on top of the dominant color, the belly is cream-colored, the skin on the throat is black in males and whitish in individuals of the opposite sex. The toad's skin is covered with warts. The tadpoles of the cricket toad have a black lower body interspersed with golden sparkles. The cricket toad lives in Mexico and some US states - Texas, Arizona, Kansas and Colorado.
- Blomberg's toad (Bufo blombergi)
biggest toad in the world. She's bigger than the aga toad. The dimensions of Blomberg's toad are truly impressive: the body length of a mature individual often reaches 24-25 centimeters. Since the mid-20th century, the clumsy and completely harmless Blomberg's toad has, unfortunately, been almost on the verge of extinction. This “giant” lives in the tropics of Colombia and along the Pacific coast (in Colombia and Ecuador).
- Kihansi splashing toad (Nectophrynoides asperginis)
the smallest toad in the world. The size of the toad does not exceed the dimensions of a five ruble coin. The length of an adult female is 2.9 cm, the length of a male does not exceed 1.9 cm. Previously, this species of toad was distributed in Tanzania on an area of 2 hectares at the foot of the Kihansi River waterfall. Today, the Kihansi toad is on the verge of complete extinction and is practically never found in its natural habitat. All this happened due to the construction of a dam on the river in 1999, which limited the flow of water into the natural habitat of these amphibians by 90%. Currently, Kihansi toads live only in zoos.
Frogs, which every person associates with loud croaking and the warm season, belong to the anurans - the largest order of amphibians. The habitat of some individuals is exclusively land, other species of frogs recognize living only in water, some - both. There are also those living in trees and capable of gliding at a distance of up to 15 meters.
The most comfortable places for amphibians are places with high dampness - wet forests, meadows, swamps, and the banks of freshwater bodies of water. Almost every corner of the earth is inhabited by these big-eyed creatures, of which there are more than 5,000 species on the planet. The highest density was recorded in the tropical zone. Many nature lovers have always wondered: what kind of frog is it? What does it eat? Where does he live?
External description of the frog
Frogs are characterized by a short body. The absence of a neck as such allows the tailless animal to only slightly tilt its head, in the upper part of which there are two bulging eyes and nostrils. What does a frog eat in a pond? What kind of life does he lead? And why does he blink so often? The frog's organs of vision are protected by eyelids: the upper one is leathery and the lower one is transparent and mobile. The frequent blinking characteristic of them is due to protection from drying out the surface of the eyes, which are moistened by the moist skin of the eyelids. This feature is caused by the frog's terrestrial lifestyle. By comparison, fish - permanent residents of humid environments - do not have eyelids, so they do not blink at all. A visual feature of frogs is their ability to simultaneously see everything that is happening in front, above and to the side. At the same time, they never close their eyes for a long time, even during sleep.
Outside, behind each eye, there is an external ear, covered with skin - The internal ear of the frog is located directly in the skull.
Properties of frog skin
The green frog inhales air with its lungs, which are poorly developed, and with its skin, which is of great importance in the respiratory process. For this type of amphibian, an absolutely dry environment is disastrous, as it causes drying out of the skin and certain death as a result. In an aquatic environment, the frog switches entirely to skin breathing.
Our ancestors believed that frog skin had bactericidal properties, so they threw these animals into milk to prevent it from turning sour. By the way, the frog does not drink at all, and water from the external environment enters its body with food and through the skin, which, thanks to the skin secretions of a mucous consistency, is constantly moist. Based on the above, questions arise: “How does the common frog stand out among other representatives of the fauna? What does it eat? How does it hunt prey?”
The frog has well-formed limbs, each of which consists of three main sections linked to each other using movable joints. In the front legs, these are the shoulder, forearm and hand, ending with 4 fingers (the fifth is underdeveloped). The back part consists of a foot with 5 toes connected to each other by swimming membranes, a lower leg and a thigh. The hind legs, which play the main role in movement, are several times stronger and longer than the front legs, while the forelimbs serve as a kind of softening shock absorbers when jumping.
The body temperature of an amphibian directly depends on the temperature of the external environment, increasing in warm times and decreasing in cold weather. Just like they are cold-blooded animals. Therefore, when it gets colder, they lose activity and tend to take refuge in a warmer place, and in winter they hibernate.
Frog: what does it eat?
The diet of these anurans is quite extensive and consists of individuals surrounding it. Therefore, through logical thinking and careful observations, you can understand what a frog eats in a pond. These are mainly beetles, mosquitoes, flies, spiders, worms, snails, caterpillars, small crustaceans and sometimes small fish.
Some of the victims have a hard shell, which the frog copes with using its teeth. Frogs hunt exclusively for moving prey, sitting in a secluded place and patiently lying in wait for a future meal. Noticing a potential victim, the hunter quickly throws out a long, wide tongue from her mouth, to which it sticks.
Frog: species
Tailless amphibians are divided into three types: tree frogs.
Frogs are characterized by smooth, slightly lumpy skin, swimming membranes on the hind limbs and teeth located on the upper jaw. The most respectable representative of this species is the goliath frog, predominantly found in West Africa. Its length is up to 1 meter, and its weight is about 3 kg. Impressive sizes! Such a frog amazes the eye. What does such a large individual, capable of jumping up to 3 meters, eat? The goliath frog feeds on its small cousins, spiders and scorpions, and can live up to 15 years. Her lack of a vocal resonator is compensated by her excellent hearing.
The smallest frogs found in Cuba range in size from 8.5 to 12 mm.
pond frog
In the central regions of Europe, the most common pond frog is the green frog, which differs from its counterparts only in its smaller size.
The abdomen, devoid of spots, has a white or yellowish color, the color of the back is gray-green or bright green. Favorite habitat is small bodies of water with standing water and near-water flora. She prefers a diurnal lifestyle and feels comfortable both on land and in water, which allows her to equally consume oxygen through the skin and lungs. To move on land, it uses fast jumps and tries to hide in a body of water from danger. They usually emerge from hibernation in April-May, when the external temperature is 12 o C and the water temperature is 10 o C.
At the beginning of their awakening, their activity is low; after two to three weeks, as the water warms up, reproduction begins in the reservoir. One female can lay up to 3,000 eggs, from which a frog larva develops within a week. The full cycle of its transformation into an adult is about 2 months.
Life of a frog in nature
The frog tadpole feeds on microscopic algae, and a little later on insect larvae. Frogs reach sexual maturity in the third year of life. Their life expectancy in natural conditions reaches 6-12 years. With the onset of cold weather, frogs go to winter, preferring to bury themselves in the mud. Sometimes they can hide on land, for example, in a rodent hole. For example, grass frogs spend the winter at the bottom of ice-free reservoirs, at the headwaters of streams and rivers, gathering in tens and hundreds of individuals. For wintering it chooses cracks in the earth's crust.
Toads and tree frogs: differences
Toads are characterized by a lack of teeth and bumpy skin that is darker and drier than a frog's. The world's largest individual, the aga toad, is also one of the most poisonous among its fellows.
Its weight can reach 2 kg. The smallest toad is 2.4 cm long. Representatives of this species prefer to live on land, going down to the water only during the mating season.
Tree frogs are the smallest representatives of the three described frog species. They differ from the others by the presence of expanded discs on their fingers, which help them climb up. Some species can fly, which helps them escape from enemies.
Amazing species of frogs
Like many representatives of fauna, among frogs there are unique specimens.
Thus, in India there is a rainbow frog, which is an object of worship. She lives in Reggie Kumar's house. Its unusualness lies in its constantly changing color, which attracts a large number of people who want to look at this miracle and pray to it.
It can be easily studied by its endangered species - Hyalinobatrachium pellucidum. Otherwise, it is called glass, or transparent, since its insides can be seen through the skin.
Among the dart frogs of Central and South America, I would like to highlight the dye dart frog, in particular its blue subspecies. Unlike its other brethren, it is active even during the daytime and is almost always brightly colored.
Many dart frogs are on the verge of extinction. Dart frogs are poisonous to some extent, which has been successfully used by using their poison for their arrows.
The Vietnamese swamp frog, which lives in tropical and subtropical forests, is often an exotic item in the home, and is valued at $45 to $75. It is also called mossy due to the unusual structure of the skin, which looks like rock moss. This appearance is also an excellent camouflage.
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Experienced gardeners have long been bringing toads and frogs to their plots and protecting them there, because they know: the frogs that live in the garden provide tremendous assistance in the fight against pests of agricultural crops.
Create your own "frog corner" in the garden. Yes, yes, even if it seems ridiculous and funny at first. "Which pet is the common toad or frog?" - you say, but you should not treat these creatures with disdain, because protecting the crop is a serious matter. These amphibians deserve a friendly attitude and it is important to contribute to their conservation and reproduction in various ways.
On every 100 square meters of garden or vegetable garden, toads and frogs eat up to 1 thousand insects over the summer, so why use chemicals once again in the fight against uninvited guests? The work that one toad does can be compared to the work of two tits. American scientists have come to the conclusion that one individual toad retains approximately $25 worth of produce over the summer. In many European countries they have long been used to control pests of garden crops.
Back in the mid-30s. In the 20th century, 150 large aga toads were brought to the Hawaiian Islands from the Antilles. On the sugar cane plantation where they were released, good results were obtained in protecting plants from harmful insects. But they are most often the main food for frogs and toads.
In studies conducted on the territory of Belarus, it was noted that of the 16 main species of invertebrates consumed by the grass frog, 12 (!) are pests. Frogs and toads often destroy those invertebrates that birds do not eat. For example, harmful insects with protective coloring and a pungent or unpleasant taste and odor. Therefore, the number of species of harmful insects consumed by these birds is 2-3 times higher than that of insectivorous birds.
Hunting at night, frogs and toads destroy those pests that are nocturnal. Namely, at night moths, moths, their caterpillars, and other pests of fruit, vegetable, berry, and flower crops come to life. Field slugs that feed after dark are especially dangerous. They gnaw at garden plants, in addition to infecting them with various dangerous diseases. Frogs and toads are good at protecting strawberries, tomatoes and other plants from slugs.
Mole crickets are obtained by frogs and toads, which snack on and process the roots of tomatoes, beets, cucumbers, carrots and other crops. Toads destroy the Colorado potato beetle, which is hated by all gardeners, and its larvae.
The sharp-faced frog prefers spiders in its diet, the grass frog prefers slugs and grasshoppers, the gray toad prefers beetles and ants, and the green toad prefers bedbugs. The young feed on raspberry beetles, mosquitoes, weevils, and aphids.
It is desirable to create favorable conditions for frogs and toads. Ponds in the garden will contribute to the survival, increase the number of these amphibians and play a big role in the fight against harmful insects of garden crops. Amphibians will happily settle in a garden or vegetable garden if you organize a cozy pond, adapting an old basin, trough or bathtub for this purpose. Just don't forget to put some boards on the edge to make it easier for frogs and toads to get out of the water.
A simple one with comfortable, flat banks will do. It is best to arrange it in the lowest place in a personal or garden plot. It is important that the reservoir has sufficient depth and does not freeze to the bottom in winter. And if the garden is a collective or state farm, i.e. large, there must be several ponds in or near it.
The frogs that grew there will “protect” the area in the area for hundreds of meters from pests and mosquitoes, and especially carefully the area closest to the pond. They are not inclined to go far from the place of their birth. In addition, frogs tend not only to usually hunt around those bodies of water where they were born, but also to return to the places where these puddles, ponds, lakes or swamps were.
It is good for toads in the garden to make “homes” from blocks of wood, branches and bricks. In secluded corners of the garden, do not mow the grass. Keep frogs and toads out of your garden! Don't chase them away or harm them. On the contrary, protect these amphibians and create comfortable conditions for them, and they will not remain in debt.
Anastasia Rogach
especially for the Internet portal
garden center "Your Garden"
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