How dangerous is indoor heat? How does heat affect a person?
Before resizing a window, you need to know the features of its opening and configuration. It is recommended to take measurements very carefully, since in panel houses the dimensions of window structures are approximately the same, but in brick buildings they can differ by several centimeters. We suggest using these instructions if you want to install metal-plastic windows yourself. You also need to know how to measure pvc window to roughly determine how much the windows will cost.
Rules for measuring windows
Measuring the window of a house must be done from the street and from the side of the living room. Both dimensions are required to determine the depth of the window opening. You need to know that the window must be no smaller in size than its outer part. And how much more is what we should calculate.
Remember that the opening may be skewed, this is especially noticeable in panel houses, so you need to increase the size of the structure by the amount of the skew. After you determine the dimensions of the window, you should compare them with the internal dimensions of the opening. This will allow you to find mechanical errors in the calculations that you carried out earlier, and then evaluate what the plaster should be like in order to apply it to the internal slopes.
Before measuring the size of the window, make sure you have the following tools at hand and prepare: a measuring device, pliers, a blunt chisel (15-20 mm), a building level, a hammer small sizes, pencil, ruler, eraser, form for recording the result. It is convenient to take measurements using a tape measure or telescopic ruler. The measurement accuracy should be 10 millimeters.
Measuring windows in a residential building and a quarter
Window openings in houses that have a quarter should extend from the outside beyond the top and side slopes by 20-30 millimeters. This should be taken into account if you decide to take the issue of window measurement seriously. The width of the window should be measured along the outer slopes; 40-60 millimeters are added to it for the window to be set on both sides by a quarter or a little less if the wall is curved.
After measuring the width between the outer slopes, the result should be checked so that it is not greater than the distance between the points at which the internal slopes adjoin the frame. The width of the window frame should not be greater than the width of the internal opening.
If during checking the window width is bigger size, then you need to contact professional measurers. The height of the window is the distance from the base of the opening to the upper slope minus 10-20 millimeters, which falls on the gap for polyurethane foam, and plus 20-30 millimeters, which is necessary for the structure to enter the upper quarter.
If you plan to use a stand profile when installing windows, which is prerequisite when arranging the window sill and ebb, you should reduce the height of the window by another 30 millimeters (height of the stand profile). Now you know how to measure correctly plastic window a quarter and a half under construction!
In order to check the correctness of your work, check the following dimensions: the height of the window frame without a substitution profile should be no more than the distance from the window sill to the upper slope from the inside. The height of a window with a stand profile should not exceed the length between the lower edge of the window sill and the upper internal slope.
Measuring a window opening in a residential building without a quarter
Measure the height and width of the window opening before measuring the plastic window. When measuring the width, you should measure at the top and bottom of the opening; take the smallest value in subsequent calculations. It is necessary to subtract 20-40 millimeters from the width of the opening (gaps for foam on both sides), and this is what we will consider as the width of the plastic window.
The height is measured on the right and left sides of the opening. From the smaller figure we subtract 20-40 millimeters (gaps for foam) and 30 millimeters (height of the stand profile). This will be the height of the window.
Window width measurement
To obtain the size of the window, add 3-5 centimeters to the width of the slope from the outside (a little less in a situation where the wall is curved). To accurately measure a window, you need to know some nuances:
- the window should be the same or slightly wider in the place where the frame touches the slopes;
- the structure should be smaller than the internal window opening.
To avoid making mistakes when measuring windows in non-standard openings, you need to contact a specialist. A professional surveyor can identify the causes of discrepancies on the spot.
Window height measurement
The window height measurement scheme is quite simple and understandable to every developer. For the structure to go into the upper quarter, to given size add 1.5-2.5 centimeters. When installing a window with a window sill and ebb, you need to use a stand profile, and subtract 3 centimeters from the resulting size.
In fact, window design is determined by the color and configuration of the existing window. Products should, if possible, be identical on the façade of the building. When designing a structure, you need to take into account some practical recommendations and technological limitations:
the specified sash dimensions in the window system catalog should not exceed the maximum;
- because of disabilities perimeter fittings, the width of the tilt-and-turn sash should not be less than 400 millimeters;
- the bending diameter of the semicircular arch should reach 520 millimeters;
- The dimensions of the openings may vary due to the arrangement of the floor and other factors, so measurements are taken during the construction and reconstruction of the building, and all dimensions are consistent with the project.
Thus, you have learned how to correctly measure windows in residential buildings with a quarter and without a quarter. There is a method for calculating height and width. Prepare in advance all the tools necessary for work so as not to be interrupted during the process! This way you can determine the cost of the future metal-plastic structure.
The dimensions of the future window are taken taking into account the characteristics of its opening. Compliance with a number of rules ensures that reliable dimensions are obtained, eliminating irreparable errors.
To work you will need:- Roulette;
- Level or plumb line;
- Screwdriver (awl);
- Pencil;
- Paper.
Parameters are always taken from the window opening, and not from old frame and boxes. The values are measured and transferred to the drawing in millimeters.
First, with the window closed, the “blockage” is checked - a possible deviation of the slopes of the opening from the vertical. A plumb line hangs from the top of the opening to the window sill in the right and left corners of the window. If there is a significant misalignment (more than 10 mm), the “useful” width of the opening is calculated - the distance between the vertical projections of the upper points of the rectangular box on the window sill. 50 mm is subtracted from the resulting number - the average thickness of the installation gap multiplied by two. The result found will be the estimated width of the window, and the final value is determined after external measurement. The window is opened, the width of the opening is measured - the distance between the quarters. Using a screwdriver or awl, determine the depth of the side projections. When comparing the preliminary width of the window and the dimensions of the quarters, adjust downward the desired value for the width of the window block. In this case, the frame profile should be covered by protrusions of 35–40 mm. When different thicknesses quarters you need to achieve symmetry of the window from the outside, sacrificing internal layout , which can subsequently be corrected. To determine the height of a window block from the street, measure the distance from low tide to- upper limit
- opening. The found value is checked:
- The lower quarter is checked - it’s good if it is 25 mm. At low depths, the height of the window decreases. For example, instead of 25 mm, 10 mm comes out, which means 15 mm is subtracted.
- Next, the distance from the upper border of the opening to the window sill is measured and compared with the expected height. There should be a difference of 40–60 mm, which will provide the required gap for the foam at the top of about 20 mm and the location of the lower edge of the new window 10–20 mm higher than the old window sill. The final result is recorded after examining two more nuances:
- Length - allowances of 80–100 mm are added to the measured opening width on both sides.
- Width - the thickness of the inner part of the wall plus the overhang of the window sill, plus 20 mm (entry under the frame).
When measuring the window sill and drainage, it is taken into account that the thickness
How to measure a window opening for installing a plastic window?
Hello reader! Some people like to save money.
One client calls me and asks if it is possible to order windows according to the dimensions he has already measured.
Well, I went to meet the client halfway and said that it was possible. I won’t do this again because he made the wrong measurements.
And there is nothing to save there, the service is free if you order a window.
But I still think it’s necessary to talk about how to measure a window for installing a plastic window. Helpful information Further.
Do you know what a quarter is? What is the opposite? Or a straight opening? If you have no idea what it is, then don’t even try to measure it yourself. Despite the apparent similarity of urban development, window measurements can be fundamentally different in two seemingly identical houses. Therefore, there cannot be clear instructions here.
The measurer, as a rule, is a former installer who is well versed in this or that type of construction, but even experienced specialists with 5-7 years of work experience make mistakes. And even they are sometimes forced to tap the slopes or remove part of them when taking measurements. And his tool of labor is not only a tape measure, but also a hammer, a chisel, and sometimes a crowbar. Therefore, first of all, determine the type of your opening.
Quarter. This special structure concrete or brick wall. At the same time, the size of the window from the street side is 5-25 cm smaller than the size of the opening from the room. Approximately 80% of the buildings in Moscow have similar dimensions. Most of A quarter of standard panel houses have it, and in brick houses it is almost always present.
Reverse quarter. It happens rarely, mainly in the end parts of buildings. In this case, the size on the outside is larger than on the inside. Here, structures should be measured especially carefully.
Straight opening– the size of the window from the outside is the same as from the inside. Basically, this is a private development.
Combinations
You know that there are openings where there is a quarter on the sides, but not on the top and bottom. But there is also the opposite situation, there is above and below, but there is no left and right. It can be simple at the top and reverse at the bottom and vice versa. All these indicators form many combinations.
If you think that if an apartment has one window and a quarter, then the rest are the same, you are deeply mistaken, they can be different. And there is also certain type houses, where they were inserted at the production of a concrete slab, and the slope was filled with a concrete-based mixture there. When you look at it, it visually seems that this is a straight opening.
But during dismantling, these slopes are destroyed, and the opening becomes larger. And there are not so few such houses. Determining and taking all this into account is an art based on many years of experience. In wooden buildings, everything is usually boarded up so that nothing is visible at all. A true specialist will remove anything that interferes with the inspection.
Before you measure, listen to this advice: unless absolutely necessary, do not order plastic structures measured by yourself. There is a very high probability that the structures will be smaller than required, then there will not be enough light in your room. And it’s even worse if it’s larger, in which case you’ll have to redo the windows or increase the opening, which is very problematic.
Helpful advice!
If you want to know the approximate dimensions, just measure the length and width of your window from the side of the room with a tape measure; this is quite enough to calculate over the phone; the error will not be more than a thousand rubles, and may even be in your favor.
If you need to measure yourself.
Therefore, we will tell you how to measure windows with a quarter and straight walls. We'll leave the reverse and other cases to the specialists.
Stopped at a quarter.
The size from the street side is smaller than the size from the room. In order to measure the width of the window, measure the outer distance, from one side slope to the other, holding the end of the tape measure as close to the frame as possible. Add 3-6 centimeters to this size. For example, if the width is 140 cm, the size should be 146 cm.
To protect yourself as much as possible from mistakes, measure the width from the side of the room. She must be at least, 5 cm more than the window, that is, at least 151 cm. If the distance is smaller, for example 148 cm, reduce to 143 cm. This applies 100% to panel houses; in brick houses, a quarter can be plastered. The plaster will be removed, so less than 6 cm is not added to the brick.
If the internal distance turns out to be much larger than the product, for example, 160 cm or even more, do not give in to the temptation to make the structure larger. In this case, the plastic frame will completely go beyond the quarter, and only glass will remain on the street, this threatens freezing due to incorrect measurement.
To measure the height, also take the length of the external opening, from the ebb to the upper external slope, usually this is the height of the product. Nothing is added to it, since a stand profile 3 cm high is installed under the window, and a window sill is attached to it. That is, if the height is 150 cm, then the product will be 150 cm plus the stand profile, for a total of 153 cm. Also check yourself by measuring the height from the room. It must be at least 5 cm more than 150 cm, that is, at least 155 cm.
Measuring a straight opening
Smooth straight walls are often found in private wooden and brick houses. You need to measure the width and subtract 4-6 cm. That is, if the width is 150 cm, then the structure is 144-145 cm.
The height size is minus 8-10 cm, that is, if the size is 150 cm, then the height of the window is 142 cm. Another 3 cm is the stand profile, that is, the total size is 145 cm.
If you are measuring in an old house, clean the surfaces, remove the trim, you should see a natural look, without details. If the building is wooden, this is not so scary; during installation, you can expand it, for example, with an ax (and this happens).
And one more thing - if possible, call a measurer, or remove the old product before measuring, do not risk expensive products, plastic structures are not a cheap pleasure.
source: http://okna-biz.ru/zamer/
How to measure a window?
Everyone who is faced with the installation of plastic windows for the first time asks the question “where to start?” In order for the first installation of windows to be successful and you get a good result, you need to familiarize yourself with the materials on our website, which contain all necessary information for the installation of plastic windows.
The first and most important work assigned to the measurer. Quite often, the customer is absolutely unaware of what kind of walls his house has and what is inside them. In this regard, a simple call with a description of your window to order the required window will not be enough.
The customer, of course, is able to inform about the parameters of the window opening, but only the full scope of the upcoming work can be established professional worker with considerable experience in this service sector. Good specialist must have analytical skills, be aware of the future window design, and also have personal experience window installations.
Basic rules for taking measurements
Measurements for the future plastic window must be carried out both with inside opening (indoors) and outside (from the street). The parameters of both of these measurements are critical to determine how deep the quarter is that the existing window opening has. After all, many factors influence the final size of the window.
One of the factors that must be taken into account when measuring may be the skew of the existing opening, in the presence of which the window size must be increased by the amount of the skew. To avoid the occurrence of through gaps between the window and the edge of the opening, the size of the PVC window should exceed the size of the external window opening by 3-4 and 1.5-2 centimeters in width and height, respectively.
This result can be achieved either by increasing the overall size of the window structure, or by expanding the window. In the second case, additional profiles that snap onto the box will be used. After determining the parameters of the future window, they must be compared with the control (internal) parameters of the window opening.
When making such a comparison, any error that could have been made in previous calculations may be detected, an assessment will be made of how thick a layer of plaster will be applied on the internal slopes to compare the edges of the window, as well as whether it will be necessary to demolish the slopes when installing the window designs. Obviously, the amount of such unnecessary work should be kept to a minimum.
Taking measurements requires:
- Proper measurement of opening parameters.
- Accurate calculation of the dimensions of structures (overall and internal) that will be manufactured.
- Taking into account the size of the window sill, mosquito net, low tide.
- Agreement with the customer on the following:
- what the window frame will be like;
- choosing a window style and configuration;
- color scheme for seals, binding and fittings;
- select the type of glass unit;
- determining the quantity, type, color and design that the roller shutters and mosquito net will have;
- choice of material, color and dimensions for ebbs, slope and window sill.
How to measure a window yourself
The most convenient way to measure an opening is a tape measure equipped with a digital display or a telescopic ruler; a regular 5 m tape measure with 18 mm tape can also be used. The opening may have quarters (protrusions from the outer part of the wall measuring ¼ of a brick inside the opening), or may not have them. You can most often find openings with quarters in city houses, openings without quarters - in country cottages.
Note!
The height of the opening is measured twice - on the left and right sides, while the width is measured once, at the bottom. If you have any doubts about the location of the opening contour elements relative to the horizontal and vertical, you must use a level to determine the deviation and correct all calculations.
The dimensions of the structure in an opening without quarters will be 2-4 centimeters smaller than the corresponding dimensions of the opening. In addition, the vertical dimension should then be reduced by the thickness of the window sill, which in the future will be installed under the window frame.
Calculating the parameters of the opening with quarters and the parameters of the future window structure is a more complex process, especially in the case of measuring the opening of old windows and doors.
First you need to determine the thickness and height of the window sills, take measurements of the height and width between the outer quarters and the inner slopes of the wall near the window. The width that the future window will have should on average exceed the width between the outer quarters by 6 centimeters (3-9 cm).
If the difference between the sizes is more than 6 cm, it would be advisable to use wooden (rough) extensions or PVC expanders. As for the height of the future window, it should be 3-6 centimeters greater than the vertical distance between the outer quarters. The amount of overlap of the frame into the lower quarter should not exceed 2 cm.
The frame can extend into the upper quarter as much as the size of the mosquito net allows. If the vertical or upper quarter is missing, the entry into the vertical quarter will be 1.5 + 4.5 centimeters, and into the lower quarter 2 centimeters. 1 + 2 centimeters from the wall are left for insulation.
If necessary, measure the window with balcony door you should measure the parameters of the door and window, as well as Common parameters doors with window. To calculate the width of the door, consider its lower part. The lower end of the door frame and the stone base should have a 1.5 +2 centimeter gap between them for insulation.
If you have doubts about the method of sealing the window structure (for example, in the case of a tight abutment of the top crossbar to the reinforced concrete crossbar), you can use a hammer and a blunt chisel to remove the casing and knock off a small piece of wall material. This way you can avoid errors in the size of the future window.
It is difficult for a non-professional to carry out all these measurements, which is why we recommend that you call a measurer for FREE and order the installation of plastic window structures on our website.
The sash dimensions must comply with the standards specified in the window systems catalog and not exceed the maximum possible. The tilt-and-turn sash must be at least 40 cm wide. The size of glass accessible for washing on one side should be no more than 0.55 m, and the size of glass accessible on both sides should be no more than 1.00 m. A semicircular PVC arch can be at least 52 cm wide (bending diameter) .
When designing partitions for offices and glazing loggias, one should not forget that the movement of structural elements through any doors in the apartment should take place without problems.
When taking measurements during construction or reconstruction of a structure, the weight and dimensions must be consistent with the project. Windows for a new house or cottage must be selected taking into account the style in which the building was built.
source: http://www.plastok.ru/faq/kak_sdelat_zamer_okna/
How to measure a window correctly
In order to correctly measure a window, it is necessary to take into account that the size of the window depends on the characteristics of the window opening and its size. Panel houses have standard openings, but in brick houses the openings may differ by several centimeters or even be non-standard (arbitrary). In the case of brick houses, window measurements should be taken especially carefully.
You can measure the window yourself, without resorting to the services of a measurer from a window installation company. Knowing the size of a wooden window it will be easier to calculate approximate cost finished products. Of course, it is easier to take window sizes if the house has just been built and the window openings are empty, but with openings in which there are old windows it will not be much more difficult, but still doable.
Resizing windows in a wooden house (new)
IN wooden house there are no quarters (protrusions on three sides of the opening to which the window is connected). You can choose the place where the wooden window will be installed relative to the wall. Most often it is installed flush with outer wall. Since with this option it will be easier to do the exterior decoration of windows, i.e. There will be no need for external slopes - you can only get by with the platband.
We proceed directly to taking dimensions and first measure the window opening in width. To do this, measure the opening from above and below. If the dimensions are not the same, take the one that is smaller and subtract 50 mm from it (the installation seam under the foam is 25 mm on each side). We know the width of the window, then measure the height. We remove the size in the same way, take the smaller one and subtract 50 mm from it.
There is one nuance here - the presence and thickness of window sills. The standard milling made for the window sill in the lower beam is 30 mm. If the window sill is the same thickness or slightly smaller, this is normal. In the case when the window sill turns out to be thicker, the difference between the thickness of the window sill board and the milling must be subtracted from the height of the window.
If a rough frame is installed in a wooden house, the opening for the window is measured inside the box. The width of the outer casing is determined taking into account the rough frame. The standard box size is 5 cm.
In order to calculate the width of the casing, we fold the grip on the wall and the box by 2 cm (4 cm on both sides), add 5 cm (box) plus 25 mm (the seam under the foam). We get the result - the width of the platbands should be 11.5 cm.
How to measure a window in a panel house (residential)
The panel house has old windows and this makes taking measurements a little more difficult. Dismantling old windows is not possible because it can take a month to make new wooden windows. Panel houses have window openings with a quarter - there is a protrusion on three sides (two on the sides and one on top).
Note!
We need to determine the width of the window opening from the outside (from one quarter to the other). For this, through open window(be extremely careful!!!) Use a tape measure to measure the distance between the quarters. Next, we measure the opening inside the room, from one slope to another.
We subtract the outer one from the internal opening, and as a result we get the depth of the quarters. Take for example the outside width is 1380 mm and the inside is 1500 mm. Divide the resulting difference of 120 mm by two and get the result 60 mm - the width of the quarter. Now you can measure the width of the window.
Adding 30 mm to the external size on each side - 1380 + 30 + 30 = 1440 mm, this is the width of the window. The height of the window is measured as follows: Bottom part should be at the level of the outer ebb, and 30 mm is added to the upper quarter. For example, the height from the upper quarter to the ebb is 1400 mm, then adding 30 mm we get the window height of 1430 mm. As a result, the window size that needs to be ordered is 1440 x 1430 mm.
How to take window dimensions in a brick house
In brick houses, or as they are also called “Stalinist”, the quarters can be quite deep - up to 10 cm. Modern windows cannot be driven into the quarters by more than 3 cm, otherwise the window frame will be hidden and the outer walls will fall directly on the glass. The thickness of the window frame and sashes (in the closed position) is 110 mm.
Also, according to GOST, the installation seam should be no more than 40 mm. The easiest way out of this situation is to order a wooden window with an increased width of the window frame. This is quite doable; in production, an additional beam of any width is added to the window frame beam and painted along with the window. Thus, the installation seam is compensated by additional timber.
Now you can measure the window, but remember that there can be many nuances in this matter since each window is individual. Therefore, it is better to contact a window installation company, only then can you be sure that everything is done correctly.
source: http://proevrookna.ru/derevyannye-okna/kak-pravilno-zamerit-okno.html
How to correctly measure the opening for a plastic window with your own hands
The measurement of a plastic window directly depends on the size of the opening you will make in your home. If the dimensions of your opening are non-standard and you are worried that you will not be able to fit a window into it properly, do not despair. Nowadays, plastic windows are made to any individual size and shape.
But if you already have windows made of a different material that you want to replace with plastic, measuring the opening with your own hands, then this article is for you. First, we will tell you how to correctly measure openings for plastic windows in openings that have a “quarter” (a quarter is a protrusion from the outer sides of the window, half a brick to which the window frame is adjacent), in width:
Explaining the above: actual size the window will be slightly wider than the one you measure inside (in contact with the side internal slopes). The width of the window will be less than the width of the opening with the window sill.
Now we measure the window height:
- If measured from the outside, then 2 cm is subtracted from the height between the outer upper slope and the base of the opening for the mounting foam.
- Next, 1.5-2.5 cm is added to this size so that the window can fit into the upper quarter.
- If you have a window with a sill and a window sill, then subtract 3 cm from the resulting size, because we need to find out exactly the size of the window.
When using a stand profile, the height and width of the window will be 3-8 cm smaller, which will be spent on mounting foam. Sometimes it happens that a quarter is more than 5 cm. In this case, an additional profile is used so as not to leave much space for the mounting foam.
Remember: the height of the plastic window should be less than the distance from the upper internal slope to the window sill. Together with the stand profile, the height of the window should be less than the distance from the upper internal slope to the lower side of the window sill.
If your opening does not have a quarter, then the correct measurement of a plastic window will be as follows:
- 3-8 cm is subtracted from the width of the opening.
- 5-6 cm is subtracted from the height of the opening, 3 cm of which will go to the stand profile, the rest to the mounting foam.
Window opening measurements in sections
In conclusion, we draw your attention to the fact that walls often have curvatures that need to be taken into account. Based on this, windows need to be measured along their smallest sides (the widening of the wall can always be covered with foam). If you do not plan to install plastic windows yourself, we recommend inviting a specialist to take accurate window measurements.
source: http://gold-cottage.ru/okna/kak_pravilno_zamerit_proem_pod_plastikovoe_okno_svoimi_rukami.html
Window measurement
Measuring the opening for installing a window must be approached very responsibly. After all, an incorrect measurement can lead to the need to carry out additional expensive work or redo the manufactured plastic window. Most window companies do not recommend taking measurements yourself.
They are not responsible for the compliance of the dimensions of the manufactured window with the window opening if the measurements are made by the customer and not by a company specialist.
Helpful advice!
But sometimes it becomes necessary to measure the window opening yourself. In this case, you need to carefully follow the instructions for measuring windows correctly.
There are two types of window openings:
- and a quarter
- quarter to.
A quarter is a protrusion from the sides and top of a window opening that prevents the window from falling out and protects against the penetration of precipitation and wind into the room. The width of a quarter in a panel house is 50 mm, in a brick house – 65 mm, or ¼ of a brick.
Measuring a plastic window
Window measurement occurs in 4 stages:
- calculating window opening sizes
- low tide measurement
- window sill measurement
- determination of slope dimensions
Measuring the window opening starts from the street side, then moves to the inside. To do this, open the window and measure the width of the opening between the quarters at the top and bottom. These details may vary. To the smallest result obtained, add 3–5 cm if the house is panel, and 4–6 cm for a brick building. This value will be the width of the window.
To check whether the window width was measured correctly, compare the result obtained with the opening width of the inside of the window and with the distance between the places where the slopes touch the window frame. It should be between these values. To calculate the height of the window, you need to measure the distance from the bottom of the window opening to the edge of the upper quarter.
To this value you need to add 2-3 cm to overlap the quarter and subtract 2 cm for the thickness of the polyurethane foam. If the window has a sill and a sill, a stand profile will be used when installing it. In this case, the window height value is reduced by another 3 cm. If the measurement is done correctly, then the height value will be almost equal to the distance from the end of the upper quarter to the upper edge of the ebb.
If the window opening does not have quarters, then when calculating the width of the window, subtract 3–8 cm from the width of the opening for the installation gap. The height is calculated by subtracting 5–6 cm from the height of the opening, of which 3 cm is for the stand profile.
The length and width of the ebb are calculated as follows: add 5 cm to the distance between the right and left quarters. This is the length of the ebb. To calculate its width, add 2 cm to the distance from the end of the quarters to the window.
Note!
The window sill is measured from the side of the room. It should be taken into account that the new plastic window is only 5–6 cm thick, while the windows that were installed previously are wider. Therefore, to calculate the width of the window sill, subtract 5–6 cm from the distance from the outer sash of the old window to the edge of the window sill.
The length of the window sill is the distance from edge to edge of the inside of the window opening. The width and length of the slopes are measured along the inside of the window opening. All values must be recorded in millimeters.
If you are building a wooden log house, do not forget to take into account that the log house will “sit down” for at least two years. If the windows will be installed immediately after the frame is assembled, then when calculating the height of the window from the height of the opening, you need to subtract 10–15% for shrinkage and another 5–6 cm for installation. The window width is measured as described above.
If you do not take into account the shrinkage of the frame, then the lowered top rims of the frame can break the window. Experts recommend installing windows in a log house only after it shrinks. The method of installing windows in a log house differs from the usual one, since there should be no rigid fastening of the window to the logs, in order to avoid window breakage or “hanging” of the upper crowns.
A casing box is used, which is attached to a block inserted into a vertical groove sawn at the ends of the window opening logs. In this case, the crowns can move down the block without breaking the window or becoming stuck.
If possible, you should entrust the window measurements to an employee of the organization that will produce and install the windows. In this case, you can be sure that the measurement is correct. In addition, the company will be responsible for the manufacture and installation of windows. If the measurement is made independently, then you yourself will be responsible.
Russian weather forecasters sadly state that the extreme heat has no intention of leaving the central and western regions Russia. At least until August, our thermometers will show 29-31 degrees during the day and at least 19-20 degrees at night. So, if you decide to save on a fan or air conditioner, thinking that it’s all about to end, it’s time to reconsider your financial plan.
Moreover, unlike purely everyday inconveniences, health problems are unlikely to be simply tolerated. Extreme heat is, first of all, a strain on the heart, and the longer the weather continues to show such “tropical” freaks, the more your “fiery engine” will suffer. There are several reasons for this:
Any body reacts to heat by dilating blood vessels and, consequently, blood pressure drops. In order to maintain normal blood flow, the heart has to work harder, almost to the limit of its capabilities.
In the heat, the body loses a lot of fluid and along with it mineral salts. Meanwhile, potassium and magnesium, for example, are necessary to maintain heart rhythm, and if the water-salt balance in the body is seriously disturbed, the human heart can simply stop.
Dehydration also causes blood to thicken. Coupled with the dilation of blood vessels, this significantly increases the risk of blood clots, and therefore all related problems. The risk of heart attacks, strokes, pulmonary embolism, etc. increases.
Causes for concern
The reaction of our cardiovascular system to heat is mainly explained bad feeling, shortness of breath and constant fatigue. However, only relatively healthy people; But those who already have heart problems or conditions predisposing them - they may face at least an exacerbation of the disease, and at maximum a heart attack and all the consequences. And even if before problems you didn’t have the “main pump”, a number of factors combined with the vagaries of the weather can provoke trouble. According to the recommendations of the American Heart Association, there are 10 such factors.
1. Age. IN total number Of patients who died from certain heart diseases, 83% were people over 65. However, doctors say that in last years the same heart attack has become considerably “younger”. Similar problems are increasingly common in men around 35-40; for women this threshold is slightly higher, but also gradually falls.
2. Gender In men, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) not only start earlier, but also end worse. In the structure of mortality from heart attacks, representatives of the stronger sex make up the majority - perhaps due to bad habits and reduced attention to their health.
Some doctors also associate this dependence with the influence of certain sex hormones on the body. This theory is confirmed by the fact that in women, the risk of heart attack increases markedly after menopause, that is, after serious hormonal changes. However, the superiority in sad statistics still belongs to the stronger sex.
3. Family history. Consider that you now have another reason to inquire about the health of your relatives. If either of them has cardiovascular disease, you are also at increased risk.
4. Race. This point probably should not cause concern among the majority of the population of our country. According to statistics, CVDs significantly more often affect people from Africa, Asia and Latin America.
5. Smoking. This bad habit negatively affects the composition of the blood, prevents its saturation with oxygen, increases cholesterol and provokes thrombosis. As a result, the risk of any problems with the cardiovascular system increases by 2-4 times, depending on the period of smoking and the presence of concomitant diseases.
6. Cholesterol levels.“Horror stories” about cholesterol plaques are now probably known to everyone. And it’s good: the more “bad cholesterol” in your blood, the greater the risk of blockage of blood vessels and, accordingly, a heart attack. In addition to the already mentioned smoking, physical inactivity (lack of physical activity) and unhealthy diet with big amount animal fats.
7. Blood pressure. All hypertensive patients are aware of the potential danger of their condition, but not everyone even suspects that they are hypertensive. If you've never been concerned about your blood pressure, now is the time to start thinking about it, because hypertension puts stress on the heart, thins and weakens blood vessels, and can cause heart attacks, strokes and kidney failure.
8. Sedentary lifestyle. Increases the risk of coronary heart disease, and also provokes other diseases that affect the state of the cardiovascular system. As studies by British cardiologists have shown, just 20 minutes of physical activity per day reduces the chances of having a heart attack by 25-30%.
9. Excess weight. Excess fat deposits in the waist and abdomen are especially dangerous. People with such a “load” are more prone to fatal CVD, even in the absence of other risk factors. Moreover, weight loss has a therapeutic effect: every centimeter lost from the waist reduces the chances of early death by 6-7%.
10. Diabetes. The most common cause of death for diabetics is certain problems with the heart or blood vessels (according to statistics, this is about 75% of cases).
If you find that you are at risk and are concerned about your health, follow a few simple rules safety in the heat:
Work less. All more or less serious physical activity should be postponed if possible. Don’t carry heavy bags, don’t take long walks in the heat and, of course, leave your garden beds alone. The latter, by the way, are the most dangerous: when you bend in half, trying to hill up some bush, the already weakened blood flow from your head drops - and you can lose consciousness right in the garden.
Be afraid cold water. This applies to city reservoirs, ordinary showers, fountains, etc. and so on. At sudden change temperatures extended blood vessels narrow; in fact, they spasm, and this can cause an attack of angina and even a heart attack.
Don't be in the sun for more than 15-20 minutes at a time. If you feel short of breath and cardiopalmus, immediately hide in the shade or a cooled room.
Drink mineral water. It will help the body cool effectively through increased sweating and at the same time maintain normal water-salt balance in the body.
Don't overeat. Difficult-to-digest foods like meat and fatty baked goods increase the load on the gastrointestinal tract and, as a result, circulatory system. It is better to eat more water-containing vegetables and fruits; watermelons, cabbage and cucumbers are especially good.
All people tolerate heat differently, some with ease, some simply experience discomfort from hot weather, some experience worsening health and worsening illnesses. Eat different recommendations about how to cope with the heat easier and more correctly, but, perhaps, one of the main things is maintaining a drinking regime, as well as what you need to drink in the heat, and which drinks are best to avoid.
No matter how much we tolerate the heat, high air temperatures affect us all.
What are the health risks of heat?
Any living organism has the ability to adapt to external changes environment. So, in the summer, in order to normalize body temperature, our body begins to secrete fluid. Simply put, sweating helps cool our body.
But at very high temperatures, sweating increases and, accordingly, the volume of fluid in our body, which is necessary for the normal functioning of the brain and other organs, decreases. And since our body, when sweating, does not release distilled water, but water rich in salts (potassium, magnesium, etc.), which means the concentration of these salts decreases.
Therefore, when high temperature Not only water but also salt metabolism is disrupted.
All this is not the most in the best possible way affects our health - the blood thickens, which increases, and there is also an additional burden on cardiovascular system. Therefore, health problems in hot weather may occur in people suffering from CVD, as well as those with chronic diseases such as diabetes, bronchitis, gastritis, ischemic disease hearts. Heat is dangerous for the health of older people and children under 3 years of age.
How can we help our body? The answer is obvious, you need to replenish the fluid.
What's better to drink in the heat?
- Water
Some experts say that you need to increase the amount of water consumed by 1.5–2 liters in order to prevent dehydration of the body.
Others argue that this should not be done, since excess fluid is also not beneficial, especially for people over 50 years of age, when the kidneys may not be able to cope with the amount of fluid taken in.
Who is right? I think both, because we are all different and, in order not to harm, but to help your body cope with the heat, you need to approach this issue individually.
- Dairy
I would never have thought, but it turns out that it is recommended to drink dairy products in hot weather. It is better if it is fermented milk; it is especially recommended to drink drinks such as ayran, tan or kefir diluted with water in hot weather.
- Herb tea
They also perfectly quench thirst and tone up. herbal teas. Tea made from mint, sage, and thyme leaves is especially good in summer. Hot hibiscus perfectly quenches thirst.
What not to drink in the heat
What else I would like to dwell on is those drinks that in the summer heat it is better to completely forget about - these are alcoholic drinks, sweet carbonated lemonades and energy tonics.
- Alcohol and energy tonics are an additional burden on the blood vessels, and in the heat this is already enough.
- Sweet carbonated drinks create the appearance of quenching thirst, this feeling quickly passes and you want to drink again, and a large number of Sugar and all kinds of additives in these drinks will definitely not bring any benefit.
- It is also advisable to limit the consumption of coffee, since this is also an additional burden on the heart, and coffee also removes fluid from the body, which we do not need at all in the heat. If you can’t give up coffee completely, then drink it only in the morning.
I think we have decided what is better to drink in the heat. There are quite a lot of drinks that really quench your thirst, and you can easily choose something healthy and tasty for yourself.
The main thing is to drink regularly throughout the day and not wait for the feeling of thirst, which gives a signal not that we are thirsty, but a signal that dehydration of the body is already beginning.
Cheers!
In conclusion, watch the video, I think the advice of experts will be useful:
Elena Kasatova. See you by the fireplace.