A fast-growing, fertile hybrid of beluga and sterlet. What kind of fish is bester? Genetic characteristics of producers are important when crossing
Bester(according to the first syllables of the words BELUGA and STERLEAD) - a fish of the sturgeon family, is a hybrid of beluga and sterlet. Adult bester specimens reach a length of 180 cm and a weight of 30 kilograms. Bester took over his appearance from his “parents”, but looks more attractive. The color of the bester can vary from gray to dark gray with a beige tint. The first hybrid of beluga and sterlet was obtained in 1952 in the USSR by N.I. Nikolyukin. Bester combines the high growth rate of beluga and the early maturation of sterlet.
Bester breeds
Bester– the only representative sturgeon fish, the existence of which has been maintained in aquaculture for more than half a century, with reproduction of three generations. In terms of fish farming and economic qualities, it compares favorably with the original species - beluga and sterlet. In addition to the main form - bester, which has equal shares of heredity of the original species, back-crosses of bester with beluga (B.BS) and sterlet (S.BS) have been obtained and reproduced further "in themselves", having ¾ of the heredity of beluga or sterlet and, accordingly, characterized by a deviation in their direction of signs and properties. Today, these forms have received official status 3 breeds of bester: “Burtsevskaya” (Beluga + Sterlet), “Vnirovskaya” (Beluga + BeSter) and “Aksai” (Sterlet + BeSter), which have confirmed their stability over decades of cultivation in aquaculture conditions.
Bester Burtsevsky- an intergeneric hybrid from crossing a female beluga and a male sterlet, first obtained in 1952. By appearance very similar to sterlet. Sexual maturity occurs in males at the age of 4 years, in females - at 8 years. Fertility - 120 thousand eggs. Fingerlings reach a weight of 100 grams, two-year-olds - 700 grams, three-year-olds - 1500 grams.
This hybrid is an object of commercial fish farming, the final product of which is considered to be fish with a body weight above 1 kg. Along with this, it is used to produce edible black caviar, which is in great demand in the market.
Bester Aksaisky, or sterlet bester - an intergeneric return hybrid from crossing a female sterlet with a male bester. It was first received in 1958. In 1969 and 1973 returnable hybrids “sterlet x bester” were also obtained at the Aksai fish farm Rostov region. In appearance it resembles a sterlet, but is larger in size and large mass bodies. Characterized by early puberty compared to the original forms. Females reach sexual maturity at the age of 3 years, males at the age of 2 years. Average fecundity is 40 thousand eggs. Fingerlings reach a weight of 60 grams, two-year-olds - 500 grams and three-year-olds - 1000 grams.
Bester Vnirovsky, or beluga bester, is an intergeneric return hybrid from crossing a female beluga with a male bester, first obtained in 1958. The second time the crossing was carried out in 1965 at the Rogozhsky sturgeon factory in the Rostov region. Since 1965. Work on its selection is being carried out at the Aksai fish farm in the Rostov region.
According to their own external signs Bester Vnirovsky approaches the beluga. It is larger than the bester and has a greater body mass. Reaches sexual maturity at the age of 8 (males) and 14 (females) years. The fertility of females is 2.5 times higher than that of bester and almost 6 times higher than that of bester sterlet; on average it is 300 thousand eggs. It is more demanding on the quality of feed and growing conditions.
Bester in commercial fish farming
Bester It has been actively and for a very long time cultivated in cage and basin farms. Thanks to what bester took over from initial forms best qualities, he became very valuable fish for artificial stocking of reservoirs with fish for private use, paid fishing and breeding in closed water supply systems. It is characterized by high vitality, high speed growth and weight gain, reaches sexual maturity early. Bester gains weight quite quickly, reaching a weight of 1.5-2 kilograms in the second year of life, and 3 kilograms in the third.
Bester production is currently being successfully carried out by fisheries in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Georgia, and other countries. Central Asia and the Baltic states. Bester demonstrates excellent adaptability to external conditions and survival; it can live in both fresh and brackish water. Bester is hardy, rarely gets sick, and is absolutely not aggressive. Bester is undemanding to heat - the growth temperature range is 0.5-30 degrees. Both fresh and slightly salty water are suitable for growing the hybrid.
Bester winters well in artificial ponds and reservoirs, even in small ponds with aeration they feel great. Of all sturgeon bester the most unpretentious fish, which lives in homestead ponds and reservoirs.
Bester power supply
Bester– a predator, its diet is quite varied. Bester mainly feeds on insects and their larvae, small crustaceans, worms, mollusks and small fish. Easily copes with the task of cleaning reservoirs and private ponds from small, low-value fish, replacing pike, pike-perch or perch.
Bester feeds well on large dry food. The only thing is that he only eats sinking food, since this is bottom fish and takes food only from the bottom. There are times when he even feeds from the hand, but only with dry, sinking food.
Nutritional value of bester
Everyone knows that sturgeon meat is incredibly tasty, but not everyone knows that the taste of bester meat exceeds that of ordinary sturgeon. Bester meat products have excellent taste due to uniform distribution fat in muscle tissue and the characteristics of changes that occur during the cooking process. Bester's fat is found not only in the back part, but also in the thickness of the meat; this feature gives a special taste to balyk and boiled products. A large number of vitamins have a positive effect on the overall functioning of the body, and on the work of its individual organs and systems: cardiac, nervous, immune, circulatory, vascular. Amino acids and fatty acid improve brain activity and vision, are a preventative against heart attacks and malignant neoplasms. The use of bester is recommended for people following low-calorie and low-fat diets. Bester cannot be called at all dietary fish, but it is also incorrect to classify it as a high-calorie product. 100 grams of this fish contains 147 kcal.
Bester caviar
Bester caviar smaller than the beluga, but its own delicate taste very similar to her. The eggs reach a diameter of 2.5 millimeters, the color varies from silver-gray to anthracite shades. Bester caviar is slightly fattier than meat and has almost the same set of useful elements.
Bester and fishing in Novosibirsk
you can buy live bester, grown in a closed eco-system, for your own pond for decorative purposes or for fishing with friends. Besters are caught with float or bottom fishing rods. No bait required. The bite is almost around the clock, but bester is best caught during the day on the bottom. The best bait would be a clam; bester also bites well on caddisflies, maggots, and bark beetle larvae. Bester can also be caught using a spoon. If you make a successful catch, you will be rewarded not only positive emotions from the fishing process, but also when you cook fresh fish. After all, no one can argue with the fact that the taste of fish grown in ideal conditions, just caught with your own hands, cannot be compared with store-bought fish.
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Bester is a hybrid of two species of fish of the sturgeon family, obtained by artificially crossing female beluga with male sterlet. First obtained in 1952 in the USSR. Bester is the world's first artificially produced sturgeon hybrid capable of producing offspring.
The name “bester” was invented by Nikolai Ivanovich Nikolyukin. It is not difficult to guess that it is made up of the first syllables of the names of the parents of the hybrid. As luck would have it, translated from English “best” means “the best, the best.” And the hybrid began to justify the meaning hidden in its name. The effect was truly extraordinary. In the ponds, not just any fish, but sturgeon fish grew, matured and gave birth to offspring! Fish, whose heredity was formed over millions of years and for which any changes in their usual habitat were disastrous. And here they grow in ponds, like ordinary carp.
Bester combines the rapid growth of beluga and the early maturation of sterlet, relatively easily gets used to artificial feed and is not demanding of heat (growth temperature range 0.5-30.0 C°). Length up to 1.8 m, weight up to 30 kg. Puberty females aged 6-8 years, males aged 3-4 years. Fruitful. In aquaculture, first-generation hybrids reach a weight of 1 kg or even more after 2 years of cultivation in cages and pools. When grown in ponds, three-year-olds reach a marketable weight of 1.5-2.0 kg, in pools - 6-8 kg. Females weighing 12-18 kg produce 2-3 kg of black caviar.
Today bester is valuable promising object for breeding and growing in inland waters in industrial scale. Cage breeding facility. Bester inherited the best qualities of the original forms: increased vitality, the ability to mature in fresh water, tendency to carnivorous feeding and high taste qualities. Bester is hardy, rarely gets sick, and is absolutely not aggressive.
Body color varies from gray to dark gray with a beige tint. It looks almost like a sterlet, but grows 3-4 times faster.
Bester mainly feeds on insects and their larvae, small crustaceans, and small fish. When bester is intensively reared, it is fed with minced meat made from trash fish, slaughterhouse waste, etc.
Everyone knows that sturgeon meat is incredibly tasty, but not everyone knows that the taste of bester exceeds that of ordinary sturgeon.
Bester does not reproduce on its own under artificial conditions, although this hybrid is capable of reproduction. The offspring of beluga-sterlet crosses are obtained from breeders caught in natural reservoirs.
Besters end up in wild Siberian waters due to the “fault” of fish farms and are periodically caught by fishermen.
Beluga
Sterlet
Bester
Leading hydrobiologist of the Omsk branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "VERKHNEOBRYBVOD" Zubarev S.B.
Bester (from the first syllables of the words beluga and sterlet) is a hybrid of two species of fish of the sturgeon family, obtained by artificially crossing beluga with sterlet. First obtained in 1952 in the USSR. Bester combines the rapid growth of beluga and the early maturation of sterlet. In aquaculture, first-generation hybrids reach a weight of 1 kg or even more after 2 years of cultivation in cages and pools. Bester is an artificially obtained hybrid of fish from the sturgeon family.
It is difficult to say now why the attempt to fertilize beluga eggs with sterlet milk turned out to be one of the last in this series of experiments. Perhaps the fact that in natural conditions hybrids of beluga and sterlet are not found.
Bester is the best of the best
Sturgeon, sterlet, stellate sturgeon and thornfish, which lives in the Caspian and Aral seas, all belong to the genus Acipenser. That’s when it finally became clear why hybrids with sturgeon are invariably sterile. Something was already known about hybrids of other sturgeon fish.
The eldest individuals of this herd were already in their twelfth year. The fish weighed an average of one and a half kilograms. And the hybrid began to justify the meaning hidden in its name. The effect was truly extraordinary. Today, bester is a valuable promising object for breeding and growing in inland waters on an industrial scale. Bester inherited the best qualities of the original forms: increased vitality, the ability to ripen in fresh water, a tendency to carnivorous feeding and high taste.
General characteristics of fish
One of the main factors affecting the health and growth of fish is feeding. Bester is also grown in fishing ponds. Bester does not reproduce on its own under artificial conditions, although this hybrid is capable of reproduction.
Due to the fact that fish producers are selective in fertilization, several males are used for this. Larvae that have switched to active feeding are transplanted into fry or nursery ponds. When bester is intensively reared, it is fed with minced meat made from trash fish, slaughterhouse waste, etc.
Overview of the sturgeon family
It was first obtained in 1952 by N.I. Nikolyukin. Bester is the only representative of sturgeon whose existence has been maintained in aquaculture for more than 40 years, with reproduction of three generations. Product qualities different breeds bester are determined by the ratio of the shares of beluga and sterlet heredity in their genotypes.
Bester fish is the result of the hard work of breeders to develop new noble commercial fish breeds. Bester is a hybrid of two species of fish belonging to the sturgeon family. It is worth noting that bester fish significantly exceeds the basic biological indicators of its “parents”. In addition, bester fish stands out for its more large sizes and better viability in the face of constantly changing environmental conditions.
Researchers have recorded Weight Limit adult bester fish, which was equal to thirty kilograms. Typically, bester is grown in so-called cage and basin fish farms. The uniqueness of this type of sturgeon fish is that it the only kind, which has been successfully and continuously cultivated by humans for half a century.
It was these three breeds of bester that showed excellent performance throughout the entire period of fish selection. It is noteworthy that only a professional can distinguish one or another subspecies of bester fish from another. The main difference between fish breeds can be considered the genetic pool of bester, in which the distinctive biological parameters of beluga or sterlet may predominate.
Bester fish are subjected to various types culinary heat treatment. Professional chefs advise baking and smoking bester fish, which can become a real decoration for any holiday feast. For terms of purchasing sturgeon stocking weighing 1 gram or more, as well as purchasing fish for stocking in ponds, please contact the phone numbers listed on the Contacts page.
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To obtain this hybrid, male sterlet and female beluga are crossed. This hybrid fish was bred in the USSR in 1952. The work was carried out by Professor Nikolyukin, and his student Burtsev continued it. Besters grow quickly, like belugas, and mature early, like sterlets.
If besters are grown in ponds, then their weight can reach up to 2 kilograms, and in pools - up to 8 kilograms. That is, he wanted to get fish that would be valued like sturgeon, but would sedentary image life and did not go on a long journey to spawn.
He was one of the few whose thoughts went in a slightly different direction. He expressed the idea of breeding new forms of sturgeon fish that could inhabit reservoirs. Then it never occurred to anyone that this unplanned experiment (just some caviar and milt left) would mark the beginning of a new direction in modern fish farming. At that time, the event in fish farming was exceptional, but after these bold experiments, there was a lull in the hybridization of sturgeon.
The first hybrids were placed in fish farm ponds Saratov region. In 1952, the professor’s wife, who carried out the work together with her husband, decided to fertilize beluga caviar with sterlet milk. Bester is a hybrid of beluga and sterlet. Like other sturgeon fish breeds, bester was able to take its rightful place in the global culinary tradition. As a rule, bester fish reach a length of no more than two meters.
Bester(ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C1%E5%F1%F2%E5%F0) from the beluga he inherited predatory instincts, rapid growth and high nutritional qualities, and from the sterlet - the ability to undergo early puberty.
Bester adapts well to different conditions cultivation (combining the properties of anadromous beluga with freshwater sterlet) in both fresh and brackish waters, it can be grown in ponds, cages and pools.
Bester has been successfully tested in industrial fish farms and has become widespread in pond farms in the CIS countries. Bester females mature at 6-8 years of age, males at 3-4 years of life. Fingerlings grow up to 100-500 g; two-year-olds grow up to 800 g or more.
In cage farms, grown juveniles of Bester are usually raised from the ponds of sturgeon hatcheries, where they feed natural food. It is difficult to accustom Bester fry to artificial food, and there may be significant waste from emaciated individuals that have not switched to feeding on artificial food.
In conditions middle zone in cages, Bester reaches a weight of 0.8-1.0 kg at the age of three. The planting density of Bester in cages does not exceed 10-15 kg/m².
Here Additional Information about Besters:
Bester - fish for the pond
This fish was obtained as a result artificial hybridization beluga and sterlet. Bester fish is the most unpretentious of the sturgeon family, which can live even in small ponds and reservoirs.
With an abundant food supply, it grows well and weighs up to 8 kg. By taste qualities this fish is not inferior to sterlet.
Bester - habitat
Bester is the most unpretentious fish from the sturgeon family, so they live well in ponds and reservoirs. They live very well in artificial ponds and reservoirs: if the volume allows, they grow up to 8-10 kg.
Bester - wintering
Bester winters well in artificial ponds and reservoirs, even in small ponds with aeration they feel great. Of all the sturgeon, bester is the most unpretentious fish that lives in homestead ponds and reservoirs.
Bester - feeding
Bester feeds well on large dry food. The only thing is that it only eats sinking food, since it is a bottom-dwelling fish and takes food only from the bottom. Just like any other fish, it feeds on worms and mollusks. There are times when he even feeds from the hand, but only with dry, sinking food.
Perhaps someday, for the sake of exoticism, I’ll try to launch several Bester fingerlings into one of the small ponds, having first stocked it with some low-value fish that I don’t mind sending into the mouths of the Besters.
I invite everyone to speak out in
Bester(based on the first syllables of words beluga And sterlet) - a hybrid of two species of fish of the sturgeon family, obtained by artificially crossing beluga with sterlet. It was first obtained in 1952 in the USSR by professors Nikolyukin N.I. and Timofeeva N.A. at the Teplovsky fish hatchery in the Saratov region in 1952. Bester combines the rapid growth of beluga and the early maturation of sterlet. Length up to 1.8 m, weight up to 30 kg. Fruitful. In aquaculture, first-generation hybrids reach a weight of 1 kg or even more after 2 years of cultivation in cages and pools. Related forms: beluga bester and sterlet bester.
Description
There are 5 rows of bone scutes: 1 dorsal, 2 lateral and 2 ventral. There are 51-52 lateral bugs. The snout is rounded in section. There are two pairs of slightly flattened antennae, like those of the beluga, sometimes with a slight waviness or notch at the end, leaf appendages and fringe are absent. The squirts are well developed. The gill membranes have fused with the interbranchial space, forming an inconspicuous fold at the site of accretion. The shape of the mouth is intermediate between the beluga (lunate) and the sterlet (transverse).
IN dorsal fin 51-54 rays; in anal 28-30; There are 17-20 gill rakers on the 1st arch.
Color ranges from sterlet to beluga - from light gray to black, from light brown to gray-brown and brown. There is usually a sharp contrast between the dark dorsal and light ventral parts of the body.
Spreading
It is an object of commercial cultivation in Russia, Germany, Poland, Italy, USA, Japan, China, South Korea, etc. Bester is prohibited from being released into water bodies where natural sturgeon populations live due to the danger of genetic contamination pure species sturgeon, primarily beluga.
Biology
Bester is tolerant of water salinity (from 0 to 18 ‰). When water is highly saturated with oxygen, it can withstand temperatures up to 34 °C. Optimal temperature for cultivation 20-25 °C.
Breeding is only artificial. Sexual products (caviar and milt) are usually obtained in the winter-spring period, from February to June (depending on water temperature) using intravital methods.
The fertility of bester females ranges from 100 to 300 thousand eggs, beluga bester - from 200 to 500 thousand eggs and sterlet bester - from 20 to 100 thousand eggs. Males reach sexual maturity at the age of 4-5 years, females at 5-9 years in bester and sterlet bester. Beluga bester matures a little later: males at 8-9 years, females at 9-14 years.
The maximum length is 170 cm, weight up to 30 kg, the beluga bester grows up to 63 kg with a length of 230 cm and the sterlet bester - up to 10 kg with a length of 110 cm.
The larvae begin to actively feed in the first 3-5 days on zooplankton, small chironomids and artificial granulated food. The diet of adults consists of small fish and granulated feed.
Human interaction
Parent species
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Notes
Literature
- Biological encyclopedic Dictionary/ Ch. ed. M. S. Gilyarov; Editorial team: A. A. Baev, G. G. Vinberg, G. A. Zavarzin and others - M.: Sov. encyclopedia, 1986. - P. 59. - 100,000 copies.
Excerpt characterizing Bester (fish)
At first the old man looked at his son with fixed eyes and unnaturally revealed with a smile a new tooth deficiency, which Prince Andrei could not get used to.-What kind of girlfriend, darling? A? I've already spoken! A?
“Father, I didn’t want to be a judge,” said Prince Andrei in a bilious and harsh tone, “but you called me, and I said and will always say that Princess Marya is not to blame, but it’s the fault... this Frenchwoman is to blame...”
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Prince Andrey wanted to leave immediately, but Princess Marya begged him to stay another day. On this day, Prince Andrei did not see his father, who did not go out and did not allow anyone to see him except M lle Bourienne and Tikhon, and asked several times whether his son had left. The next day, before leaving, Prince Andrei went to see his son's half. A healthy, curly-haired boy sat on his lap. Prince Andrei began to tell him the tale of Bluebeard, but, without finishing it, he became lost in thought. He was not thinking about this pretty boy son while he was holding him on his lap, but was thinking about himself. He searched in horror and found in himself neither remorse for having irritated his father, nor regret that he (in a quarrel for the first time in his life) was leaving him. The most important thing for him was that he was looking for and did not find that former tenderness for his son, which he hoped to arouse in himself by caressing the boy and sitting him on his lap.
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As soon as Prince Andrei left his daily activities, especially as soon as he entered into the previous conditions of life in which he had been even when he was happy, the melancholy of life gripped him with the same force, and he hurried to quickly get away from these memories and find something to do quickly.
– Are you going decisively, Andre? - his sister told him.
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Princess Marya begged her brother to wait another day, saying that she knew how unhappy her father would be if Andrei left without making peace with him; but Prince Andrei replied that he would probably soon come back from the army again, that he would certainly write to his father, and that now the longer he stayed, the more this discord would be fueled.