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Antibiotic drugs are prescribed by a doctor only if there is no improvement in the treatment of the disease, and there are signals about the beginning of complications in the patient. These drugs are effective against bacteria, but are useless against viral infections. Symptoms of a disease caused by pathogenic bacteria include a temperature above 38˚C, intense runny nose, purulent deposits on the mucous membrane of the throat, headache, general weakness. Antibiotics are prescribed by a doctor who takes into account the course of the disease, makes additional tests to clarify the type of bacteria and their reaction to the drug. In addition, it determines the course of treatment that must be completed to the end even if the condition improves.
Antibacterial drugs for colds
Acute respiratory disease (ARI) is considered an insidious disease that affects a person regardless of his status or age. It is transmitted by airborne droplets, is considered contagious and acquires signs of an epidemic.
Patients believe that colds are only viral in nature. This statement is not entirely correct. This is one of the causes of colds. This disease is also provoked by bacteria or even pathogenic microflora that lives in the human body and develops with weakened immune forces or provoking factors (hypothermia). In the latter case, it is appropriate to prescribe for a cold. And the doctor will be able to determine what caused the disease: viruses or bacteria after examination and test results.
Antibiotics for colds or flu early stages not prescribed. The cause of these ailments is considered to be a virus, so antiviral drugs are prescribed at the beginning of treatment. And this is enough for recovery. Acute respiratory illness lasts a week. If the manifestation of the disease is prolonged, then they talk about complications. During this period, after examination, the doctor prescribes antibacterial drugs. Antibiotics for inflammation of the lymph nodes are prescribed after additional examinations of the patient’s general condition. The doctor needs to make sure that the enlargement of this organ is caused by bacteria.
They have pronounced symptoms, and with timely treatment they can be treated quick treatment. Timely assistance reduces the likelihood of complications of the disease. For the treatment of advanced acute respiratory disease, the accuracy of the diagnosis is important. This will allow you to select effective antibiotics for colds that have caused complications. Each subgroup of such drugs is prescribed for the treatment of a specific subtype of microorganisms. Thus, they perform well in the fight against bacteria settled in respiratory organs, but are not prescribed for complex ailments (pneumonia, bronchitis).
Choice of drug
In medical practice, there are many cases when patients with advanced bronchitis or severe pneumonia come to see a doctor and admit that they took an antibiotic, having selected it on their own. This behavior is fundamentally wrong.
An antibiotic for a cold in an adult, and especially a child, is prescribed only by a doctor. Such drugs are large group, which is divided into subspecies. Their actions differ, so they are prescribed for different diseases.
Pharmacology distinguishes these subtypes of antibacterial agents.
- Penicillin series, Augmentin, Amoxicillin) is considered one of the most effective in the fight against complications caused by respiratory diseases, and the most frequently used. They destroy the bacterial membrane. Non-toxic and well absorbed by the body. Therefore, they serve as antibiotics for children with colds that have caused complications in the respiratory tract. The only negative is the resistance of some microorganisms to this substance. But modern drugs of this group are distinguished by more effective indicators. These drugs include Amoxicillin and its derivatives. They are effective against most microorganisms. Amoxiclav, which contains amoxicillin, should be used exactly as prescribed by the doctor, which will protect against the appearance of bacteria that are insensitive to this antibiotic.
- Cephalosporins (Suprax, Ceftriaxone, Zinacef, Cephalixin, Zinnat) are characterized by increased activity in the fight against bacteria, destroying their membrane. They are prescribed intravenously or intramuscularly. Many of them are produced only for such an introduction. So, Ceftriaxone is not available in tablets.
- Macrolides (Sumamed, Hemomycin, Azithromycin) act on bacteria according to the principle of penicillin drugs. Effective in the fight against ailments respiratory tract which are caused by mycoplasmas or chlamydia (in the treatment of atypical pneumonia). Used as substitutes for allergic reactions to penicillin.
- Fluoroquinolones (Norfloxacin, Levofloxacin) have a strong effect on intracellular microorganisms. Their action is to quickly penetrate the cell and affect the microbe. Effective in the treatment of pneumonia, which is caused by penicillin-resistant microorganisms.
The names of antibiotics for complications of a cold may differ from those indicated in the prescription or doctor's prescription. It's connected with by different manufacturers, therefore the active substance is taken into account.
In medical practice, macrolides are more often prescribed to take antibiotics for a cold that has caused complications. One of these drugs is called Summed. It is often prescribed because it has a wide spectrum of action. Sumammed for children is produced in the form of syrup. Prescribed if the complication is caused by bacteria (streptococci, staphylococci) or microbes (ureplasma, chlamydia, mycoplasma). Summed tablets dissolve quickly after taking and are absorbed. This drug is used:
- with inflammatory processes of the nasopharynx;
- for complications in the sinuses (sinusitis, sinusitis);
- for otitis;
- for bronchitis and pneumonia.
Summed for angina has a quick positive impact, relieves inflammation, positive effect achieved already on the third day.
Azithromycin is considered another macrolide. Prescribed for infections of the lower and upper respiratory tract (sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis, pneumonia). Azithromycin should be taken once a day. The duration of treatment is prescribed by the doctor depending on the course of the disease and is 3, 5 or 7 days. Azithromycin is not prescribed for children under 14 years of age.
Consequences of taking antibacterial drugs
Any self-medication with antibiotics leads to serious consequences. Drugs in this group act not only on pathogenic microflora, but also on bacteria that are considered normal for human body. Therefore, often one of the main side effects From taking these drugs, dysbacteriosis of the mucous membranes remains. It manifests itself in different organs. If dysbiosis has developed in the intestines, then the patient experiences stool disorders (constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting). If the mucous membranes are affected, then dysbiosis manifests itself in candidiasis. To minimize this negative impact antibiotics, in parallel with their intake, lactobacilli and antifungal agents are prescribed.
The human body's response to antibiotics cannot be predicted. They cause allergies, which manifest themselves in the form of skin rashes, Quincke's edema, and conjunctivitis. If such reactions occur, the drug is stopped and prescribed symptomatic treatment reactions that have arisen. When taking a new antibiotic, a sensitivity test and a possible allergic reaction are performed.
Side effects also appear from of cardio-vascular system, but this rarely happens.
Antibiotics should be taken strictly as prescribed by the doctor. If you take these drugs incorrectly or shorten the course of treatment yourself, this leads to a loss of sensitivity of microorganisms to this series of drugs. If you are prescribed to drink for 5 days, then drink the entire course, even if all symptoms have passed on the 3rd day of treatment. The same applies to reducing or increasing the dose. Today, many people talk about the uncontrolled use of antibiotics and their impact on the increase in the incidence of bacterial infections that are difficult to treat.
Antibiotics are substances of natural or synthetic origin that produce toxins that are harmful to bacteria and microorganisms. According to their purpose, antibiotics are divided into antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor drugs.
Indiscriminate use of drugs leads to the adaptation of pathogens and bacteria. They mutate and become resistant to antibiotic toxins. The medications stop working.
How to take antibiotics for a cold
Antibiotics are prescribed only for bacterial or fungal infections. For viral diseases, antiviral drugs are used. The use of antibiotics at the first signs of acute respiratory infections is unjustified and harmful.
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On day 4-5, the effect of the virus wears off, the patient’s well-being improves, but his immunity is reduced, and the possibility of complications remains. Body temperature rises, lymph nodes enlarge, redness in the throat, wheezing in the bronchi is detected.
This means that a bacterial or fungal infection begins to develop in the body. In this case, antibiotics are prescribed.
How many days to take antibiotics for a cold
Adults are prescribed an antibiotic in the form of tablets, capsules or powder. Children, due to their age, cannot swallow the tablet. They are prescribed drugs in the form of syrup.
The duration of therapy is determined by the doctor. In general, it lasts 5-7 days. The doctor describes the regimen for taking the antibiotic: it is indicated in the description of the drug. The regimen depends on the patient’s age and drug group.
The rules described by the therapist and indicated in the instructions for use of the drug cannot be changed. The effectiveness of therapy depends on this. If the doctor indicated that the drug must be taken 2 times a day, then the time of administration must be calculated. 24 hours / 2 times = 12 hours.
This means that you need to take the medicine after 12 hours. If the first dose of the medicine was taken at 8 am, then the next dose will be at 8 pm.
Note! The course of antibiotic therapy should not be interrupted, even if the patient's health improves. A decrease in temperature, absence of cough and runny nose does not mean that pathogenic bacteria have stopped reproducing.
The disease retreated, but did not go away. It will begin to develop again, but the effect of the drug that was taken previously will be ineffective. The therapist prescribes another antibiotic, which has a stronger effect.
Antibiotics for colds in adults
An adult has an already formed immune system that can recover quickly. The therapist evaluates the effectiveness of the drug in case of a certain type of complication: disease of the ENT organs, respiratory tract, development of mycoplasmosis.
- Penicillin series:"Penicillin", "Benzylpenicillin". The drugs are prescribed by injection. Gastric juice reduces the effect of penicillin tablets.
- Cephalosporins:"Ceftolozane", "Cefalexin", - capsules or suspensions. The drugs are effective for respiratory diseases.
- Macrolides:“Erythromycin” is prescribed for intracellular infections, mycoplasmosis.
- Tetracyclines: Tetracycline tablets, Doxycycline and Menocycline capsules. The drugs are prescribed to adults and children over 8 years of age.
- Fluoroquinolones:“Levofloxacin”, “Ciprofloxacin” are effective in the development of inflammation of the ENT organs. The drugs are prescribed to patients over 18 years of age.
- Lincosamides:"Lincomycin" in tablets, capsules, solutions for injections. Drugs in this group are prescribed for sore throat, bronchitis, and sinusitis.
- Carbapenems: Ertapenem and Meropenem are indicated for pneumonia.
Broad-spectrum antibiotics for colds
To determine the effectiveness of the drug for the body, the doctor needs to determine the patient’s sensitivity to a certain type antibiotics. To carry out the test, you need to take a blood test.
The result takes 5-7 days to prepare. The infection will progress during this time, so The therapist prescribes broad-spectrum antibiotics:
- "Arlet";
- "Cefepime";
- "Hemomycin";
- "Azitrox".
The doctor prescribes taking broad-spectrum antibiotics based on the symptoms of the disease, on epidemiological situation region.
If the drug does not have the desired effect, the infection continues to progress, then therapy is adjusted according to the results of the antibiotic sensitivity test.
Three tablets: a strong antibiotic for colds
The effectiveness and strength of a medicine is determined by several parameters: how quickly it is absorbed and distributed throughout the body.
In some cases, it is enough to take 3 tablets to achieve success in treating a cold. Strong drugs include:
- "Azithromycin";
- "Sumamed";
- "Axetil".
One of the forms of release of these drugs is tablets: taken for 1 or 3 days. Medicines are produced not only in tablets, but also in the form of suspensions and capsules. Only a doctor can determine the appropriateness of therapy.
Mild antibiotics for colds
Antibiotics of the aminoglycoside group are considered the most toxic drugs: they lead to complications. Macrolides are less dangerous: they are prescribed to pregnant women and children. Antibiotics that do not cause complications are defined as mild. These include:
- "Josamycin";
- "Clarithromycin";
- "Spiramycin."
The drugs have a gentle effect on the flora of the intestines and stomach. They do not destroy enterobacteriaceae. Eating does not affect the effectiveness of the antibiotic: medications are taken both before and after meals.
The active substance of the drugs is quickly absorbed from the stomach and distributed throughout the body.
Antibiotics for flu and colds for adults over 50 years of age
Antibiotic medications are prescribed to elderly patients with great caution. Metabolic processes in the body are reduced, which inhibits the removal of medications from the body, their absorption and distribution to soft tissues.
Elderly patients often suffer from chronic diseases of the heart, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract. Antibiotics are prescribed to people over 50 years of age in small doses.
The instructions for use of drugs give special instructions: how to take medicine with chronic diseases. If cold symptoms are observed for 2 days, the therapist prescribes treatment with 3rd and 4th generation fluoroquinolones.
In exceptional cases, cephalosporins are prescribed. Elderly people are prescribed:
- "Sparfloxacin";
- "Moxifloxacin";
- "Cefotaxime";
- "Cefodizim";
- "Piperacillin"
These drugs are distributed in soft fabrics in 20 minutes. Excreted in feces and urine. Antibiotics are taken after surgical operations to avoid the development of secondary infection in the body.
Antibiotics for colds: Amoxicillin, its effect, contraindications
Amoxicillin is an antibiotic of the penicillin group and has a wide spectrum of action. The drug is produced in the form of tablets, granules for preparing a suspension, and capsules.
The solution in ampoules is used in veterinary medicine. The active substance, amoxicillin, is absorbed by the body from the gastrointestinal tract without disturbing the acidic environment.
Eating does not affect the distribution of the active substance throughout the body. Suitable for older people.
The drug is prescribed to the patient in case of infection:
- upper respiratory tract;
- digestive organs;
- genitourinary system;
- with damage to soft tissues.
"Amoxicillin" is used together with "Metronidazole" in the treatment of ulcers duodenum and gastritis.
The drug has contraindications:
- allergic diathesis;
- patient sensitivity to antibiotics of the penicillin, cephalosporin group, and nitroimidazole;
- gastrointestinal diseases, which are accompanied by diarrhea and severe vomiting;
- viral respiratory diseases;
- asthma;
- lymphocytic leukemia;
- mononucleosis, which causes an enlargement of the spleen and liver;
- diseases associated with hematopoietic disorders;
- nervous system disorders;
- liver dysfunction, jaundice.
Amoxicillin in the form of a suspension is prescribed to children from 2 years of age. Tablets are prescribed for adults and children over 12 years of age. The antibiotic dosage regimen is prescribed by the doctor. It depends on the form of the drug, the age of the patient and the specifics of the disease.
Analogs of Amoxicillin are: Ampicillin trihydrate, Ecobol, Ospamox. The average price of the drug is 70 rubles.
Antibiotics for colds for children under one year old
Prescribing antibiotics to infants under one year of age should be justified. Antibiotic therapy can lead to defective development internal organs and brain. From 3 months, children are prescribed:
- "A-Klav";
- "Sulbactam";
- "Clindamycin";
- "Lincomycin hydrochloride";
- "Cefuroxime";
- "Emsef."
Antibiotics are not prescribed for infants:
- with acute respiratory infections caused by a virus;
- for rhinitis;
- with pharyngitis;
- Before treating a cough, the pediatrician studies its origin; if a prolonged cough is of a bacterial nature, then the prescription of antibiotics will be justified;
- in case of hyperthermia, high body temperature that lasts for more than a day, if the child cannot be examined, Cephalosporin is prescribed.
It is important to know! To normalize the intestinal microflora, the pediatrician recommends taking bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. You should not ignore your doctor's advice. Otherwise, the baby will suffer from colic, flatulence, diarrhea or constipation.
Antibiotics for colds for children after one year
The body of a baby and child after a year is distinguished by a stronger immune system and harmonious functioning of internal organs. After one year of age, children with colds are prescribed antibiotics in the form of injections and orally: tablets, suspensions, syrups.
- "Aksetin"– powder for preparing an injection solution, indicated for children from birth;
- "Klacid"– indicated for children from 3 years of age;
- "Amoksisar"– prescribed to children under 5 years of age in the form of a suspension;
- "Tsedex"– suspensions for children from 6 months, tablets – from 10 years;
- "Flemoxin Solutab"- for children younger age the antibiotic is given in the form of syrup; older children are prescribed tablets.
After taking antibiotics, hives may appear. In this case, the drug is either discontinued or antihistamines Suprastin, Zodak, Tavegil are prescribed.
Antibiotics for colds in children: names of the most effective
The pediatrician prescribes antibiotic therapy individually for each child. For some children, drugs of the penicillin group are effective, for others - macrolides.
Experts identify the following bactericidal and antimicrobial agents that are effective for children with colds:
- "Zinnat"– active substance – cefuroxime axetil; granules are diluted with water to obtain a suspension; the medicine has a fruity taste and is indicated for children from birth;
- "Augmentin"– active substance – amoxicillin trihydrate; powder for preparing a suspension; has berry sweet taste, prescribed to children from 2 months;
- "Suprax"– active substance cefixime; tablets, soluble in water; taste – sweet, strawberry, prescribed for children from 3 years old;
- "Roxithromycin"– tablets, recommended for children over 12 years of age.
Important to remember! Antibiotics taken for colds in adults and children should be washed down big amount clean water. Sweet carbonated drinks, compote or tea should not be used. Do not take medications with milk or fermented milk drinks.
Improper administration of the medication reduces the dissolution of the antibiotic, its absorption and distribution throughout the body.
What antibiotics to take for colds and sore throats
If you have a sore throat due to a cold, antibiotics are not prescribed immediately. The therapist determines the nature of the disease, viral or bactericidal. With a sore throat caused by staphylococcus, the patient exhibits certain symptoms:
- heat up to 40 oC; use antipyretics that reduce the temperature for a short time;
- it is painful for the patient to swallow;
- tonsils burgundy color, visible on them white coating and manifestations of ulcers;
- enlarged lymph nodes: upon palpation the patient feels pain.
Adults are prescribed:
- "Amoxiclav";
- "Amosin";
- "Hiconcil."
For children they prescribe:
- "Cefosin";
- "Medoclav";
- "Macropen".
For a staphylococcal infection in the throat, the therapist may prescribe sprays or aerosols:
- "Tantum Verde";
- "Strepsils";
- "Angelix";
- "Miramistin";
- "Orasept."
Attention! Sprays for sore throat are not prescribed as an independent antibacterial agent. Prescribe complex treatment together with antibiotics in tablets, suspensions or syrup.
The treatment will be effective if you rinse your throat with a decoction of chamomile or sage before using the spray.
Antibiotics for ARVI and influenza
Diseases caused by the virus entering the body are treated with antiviral medications.
If the patient's condition does not improve: temperature above 38.5 ° C, copious discharge of mucous membrane from the nose Green colour, signs of otitis appear, the doctor adjusts the treatment. He prescribes antibiotics. In this case, broad-spectrum drugs will be effective:
- "Clonacom-X": combination antibiotic; its active substances are amoxicillin and cloxacillin; Prescribed with caution to women during pregnancy and children under 14 years of age, the course of treatment is 10 days;
- "Ampisid": for adults and children whose body weight has reached 30 kg; a contraindication is sensitivity to the drug; during pregnancy, the drug is prescribed with caution; effective in the treatment of ENT organs, upper respiratory tract, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system;
- "Fromilid": granules for preparing a suspension, tablets; active substance – clarithromycin; contraindication is kidney disease; Children are prescribed the drug from the age of 12.
The therapist should determine the dosage and method of taking antibiotics. The drugs are dispensed in pharmacies with a prescription.
Antibiotics for colds and coughs
Before prescribing an antibiotic for a cough, the therapist will prescribe tests and examinations for the patient. If the cough is caused by the spread of a bacterial infection, then treatment with antibacterial agents is resorted to. Antibiotics for colds in adults and children are indicated for pleurisy, pneumonia, acute tracheitis, and bacterial bronchitis.
- "Z-factor": the drug is prescribed to adults and children from 1 year; contraindications – renal and liver failure;
- "Azicide": course of treatment 3 days – 3 tablets; for adults, children over 3 years old, for pregnant women;
- "Ecoclave": produced in the form of tablets and powder for suspension.
When treating cough, complex therapy is always carried out. Antitussives or expectorants are prescribed together with antibiotics.
Natural antibiotics for colds
Synthetic antibiotics destroy not only pathogenic bacteria in the body, but also beneficial intestinal microflora. Medicines reduce the patient's immunity.
After treatment it is necessary new therapy to restore gastrointestinal functions and immune system. Natural antibiotics have a gentle effect on the body. Experts recommend including them in your daily diet.
The berries are known for their antiseptic, antiviral and bactericidal properties:
- viburnum - has a raspberry flavor, but is not popular due to its specific smell;
- cranberry;
- black currant;
- raspberries;
- sea buckthorn;
- blueberry.
The berries are ground with sugar and kept in a glass container in a cool place. Use 1 tsp. 3 times a day for the prevention and treatment of colds.
Some seasonings help improve immunity, normalize metabolic processes and are natural antibiotics:
- garlic;
- basil;
- cinnamon;
- thyme.
Seasonings are used in salads and main courses. When treating a sore throat, they are used to make decoctions for rinsing the throat and rinsing the nose.
One of the most delicious natural antibiotics is honey. A spoonful of honey is added to tea, milk or sucked for a sore throat.
Antiviral antibiotics for colds
Antiviral antibiotics exist only in nature. Viburnum, garlic, cranberries have not only antimicrobial and bacteriostatic effects, but also antiviral properties. There are no synthetic antibiotics that prevent the proliferation of viruses.
Antibiotics and antiviral drugs act on various pathogens. For ARVI, Arbidol and Remantadine are prescribed. After 4-5 days, the immune system produces antibodies that resist the virus.
Further complications are associated with the development of infection caused by the activity of bacteria or fungi.
In some cases, a secondary infection develops while the body is being affected by the virus. Human superinfection occurs. In this case, the doctor prescribes therapy with antiviral drugs and antibiotics.
Antibiotics for colds are inexpensive and effective, their names and features
Penicillins are prescribed for streptococcal, staphylococcal, and pneumococcal infections. They are not very toxic: they are suitable for children. Among them:
- "Benzylpenicillin benzathine"– cost in tablets from 30 rubles. for 10 pcs.; injections – 60 rub. for 1 ampoule; possible use with antifungal drugs;
- "Ampioks"– from 60 rub. for 20 pcs.; recommended for children over 7 years old;
- "Oxacillin"– in tablets from 55 rub./20 pcs.; powder No. 50 – 450 rub.
Cephalosporins have a wide spectrum of action: they are active against coccal and anaerobic infections. In some cases, combination drugs that contain penicillin are prescribed.
The least expensive and effective drugs are:
- "Zinatsef" for intramuscular and intravenous use; powder for solution - from 140 rub. for 750 mg;
- "Loprax"– average price 120 rubles; the drug is produced in tablets and in powder form for the preparation of a suspension;
- "Cefoperazone"– average price 150 rubles; powder for injection.
Modern antibiotics have a wide spectrum of action and low toxicity. Their prices are no different. Average price – from 500 rubles.
Over-the-counter antibiotics
The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation has always opposed self-medication. The law on the sale of medicines was passed in 2010. In 2017, pharmacy owners were reminded of their responsibility for selling antibiotics without a doctor’s prescription.
A legal entity will pay a fine of 40 thousand rubles. IP owner – from 4 thousand rubles. The activities of organizations may be suspended for 90 days by court decision.
To purchase an antibiotic, you must visit a doctor who has the authority to write prescriptions.
Injections: antibiotics for colds, their names, effects, contraindications
Injections for colds are prescribed when difficult cases when necessary intensive therapy. The injections work faster and more effectively. Injections are prescribed only for certain indications.
- "Sultasin"– from 40 rub. for a bottle of powder for preparing a solution; the drug is a combination drug, has an antimicrobial and bacteriostatic effect, contraindications are liver and kidney diseases;
- "Oxamp-sodium" – average cost 20 rub./1 bottle; belongs to the group of penicillins, is not prescribed to infants if the mother has a history of sensitivity to penicillin; contraindications – bleeding, bronchial asthma, sensitivity to the drug;
- "Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid": injections are not prescribed for jaundice, infectious mononucleosis, hypersensitivity.
Carefully! If there is antibiotic powder left over from the previous treatment to prepare an injection solution, then you should not prescribe injections yourself.
There is a danger that the body has developed resistance to this antibiotic. The use of drugs in this case will harm the body.
Antibiotics for pregnant women for colds
Bactericidal and antimicrobial drugs are prescribed to pregnant women with great caution. The woman should be under constant medical supervision. Antibiotics are prescribed extreme cases if after an acute respiratory infection the development of pneumonia, purulent bronchitis occurs, or the organs of the genitourinary system are affected.
The following medications are prescribed for pregnant women:
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- "Penicillin";
- "Cephelim";
- "Macrobid".
The dosage of drugs is reduced so as not to harm the fetus. In some cases, the therapist prescribes medications that are suitable for children from infancy.
The following groups of drugs are prohibited for pregnant women:
- tetracyclines;
- sulfonamides;
- chloramphenicol series;
- nitrofuran group.
In the 1st trimester, taking antibiotics is undesirable. 2-3 trimesters are less dangerous. Along with medications, it is recommended to take vitamin complexes for pregnant women.
Treatment of colds with antibiotics: consequences of therapy
Antibiotic therapy will not harm the body if the doctor has selected the drug correctly and determined the correct dosage regimen.
If the patient’s immunity is reduced, if the rules for taking antibiotics are not followed, it is possible negative manifestations. First of all, they relate to the gastrointestinal tract:
- loose stools;
- nausea, loss of appetite;
- stomach ache.
Antibiotics negatively affect not only pathogenic bacteria, but also beneficial microflora. As a result of therapy, an imbalance of bacteria in the intestines occurs, which will require a long recovery.
Antibiotics disrupt the balance of mucous membranes in the body. This leads to the development of fungi of the genus Candida. The patient suffers from stomatitis and thrush: it occurs more often in women and girls.
Antibiotic toxins negatively affect liver function. The patient shows signs of jaundice.
After a course of antibiotics you must take:
- "Bifibumbacterin";
- "Acidolac";
- "Lactusan."
The therapist will make recommendations on dietary nutrition and treatment of dysbiosis. The patient should be treated with antibiotics under the supervision of a doctor. Otherwise, restoration of immunity and functions of internal organs will require a long time.
Antibiotics during acute respiratory infections are prescribed only according to indications and based on tests. Taking cold medicine on your own is dangerous.
Antibiotics for colds in adults and children:
Useful video about rehabilitation after antibiotics. School of Dr. Komarovsky:
Any adult knows that a common cold is not a reason to immediately start taking antibiotics. Such remedies, of course, have an excellent effect on pathogenic microorganisms, and a person feels better the very next day, but they can also cause considerable harm. If the disease is at initial stage, it can be easily overcome with plenty of fluids, antiviral medications and bed rest. But in some cases you still can’t do without antibiotics.
Tests will help make the correct diagnosis
Before the doctor prescribes antibiotic therapy, a series of tests will be performed. This is the only way to make sure that complications do not join the common cold. If cough is present, a sputum culture will be performed. In addition, general blood and urine tests will be prescribed. A nasal and throat swab will help determine whether antibiotics are needed for ARVI. If a purulent infection is present, it can be recognized immediately. A serious reason for the appointment is the identification of Lefler's bacillus (the causative agent of diphtheria).
To make a more accurate diagnosis, the doctor may suggest that the patient undergo an examination in a hospital setting. Here it will be possible to carry out all the necessary laboratory tests and monitor the patient’s condition. A clinical blood test will be performed several times. The doctor should pay attention to whether the ESR is increasing, whether total leukocytes.
Let's pay attention to your well-being
The addition of a bacterial infection can be determined by the general condition of the body. As a rule, the body temperature rises sharply. If a cold is complicated by pneumonia, the patient experiences shortness of breath and suffers from severe coughing attacks. In this case, ARVI is treated with antibiotics without fail.
It is worth paying attention to the color of the discharge from the nose and throat. If the mucus becomes dark or green in color, high probability we can say that complications have arisen. With a bacterial infection of the genitourinary system, the urine becomes brown in color and a sediment appears in it, which can be easily seen with the naked eye. You may notice blood or pus in the stool.
It often happens that after the onset of ARVI, several days pass, and treatment gives no results. In addition, additional unpleasant symptoms may appear, such as headaches, nausea, and sleep disturbances. This may indicate the development of an inflammatory process in the lungs and bronchi. Additionally, purulent plaque may appear on the tonsils, and the sore throat may intensify.
If complications occur, the doctor must decide which antibiotic to take for ARVI. The patient’s age, his medical history, the presence of a tendency to allergic reactions, localization of complications, etc. are taken into account. It is not recommended to take antibacterial drugs without the consent of the therapist.
When is it possible to do without antibiotics?
Even if a laboratory analysis showed the presence of ARVI, they are not always accepted. Not prescribed medications which lasts less than two weeks. Antibacterial therapy begins only when antiviral treatment does not produce a positive result. In addition, antibiotics are not prescribed for tracheitis, viral tonsillitis, nasopharyngitis, and laryngitis. They are also not suitable for the treatment of herpes virus infection, which may appear during the period of acute respiratory viral infection.
There are also cases when the use of antibiotics is necessary at the first symptoms of a cold. At pronounced signs reduced immunity, drugs are used simply for prevention. This is due to the fact that a bacterial infection is highly likely to accompany a weakened body. Antibiotics for ARVI for children are prescribed in case of severe underweight or in the presence of any physical abnormalities.
Indications for antibiotics
Antibiotics for ARVI in adults and children are prescribed primarily when the first symptoms of sore throat or pneumonia appear. The doctor may prescribe drugs from the group of penicillins or macrolides. For purulent lymphadenitis, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed. If such complications occur, there is a need for additional consultation with a hematologist and surgeon.
Inflammation may develop with ARVI paranasal sinuses nose Sinusitis is a serious cause for concern. If mucous discharge appears with a normal runny nose yellow color and pain in the area of the bridge of the nose, it makes sense to contact an ENT specialist. An accurate diagnosis will help to make X-ray examination. Antibiotics for ARVI for children and adults in case of sinusitis are prescribed by an otolaryngologist.
In some cases, antibacterial therapy is prescribed for preventive purposes. For patients who have recently undergone surgery, treat ARVI with antibiotics. In this case, a broad-spectrum drug may be prescribed. It will have to be used for at least five days. In this way, the doctor tries to protect the patient from the development of any complications against the background of decreased immunity.
What antibiotics can be prescribed?
Depending on the form of complications, the general condition of the patient and his age, the doctor selects an antibacterial drug. Penicillin antibiotics can be prescribed only to those patients who are not prone to allergic reactions. For tonsillitis, medications such as Ecoclav, Amoxiclav, and Augmentin can be prescribed. These are medicines that are commonly called “protected penicillins”. They have a milder effect on the human body.
For organ infections respiratory system Macrolides are most often prescribed. "Macropen", "Zetamax" - antibiotics for acute respiratory viral infections in adults, if bronchitis begins. For diseases of the ENT organs, the drugs “Sumamed”, “Hemomycin”, “Azitrox” can be prescribed.
If resistance to drugs of the penicillin group occurs, fluoroquinolone antibiotics are prescribed. This is Levofloxacin or Moxifloxacin. Fluoroquinolones are prohibited antibiotics for acute respiratory viral infections in children. The skeleton in babies is not yet fully formed, so unpredictable side reactions may occur. In addition, fluoroquinolones are reserve drugs that a person may need in adulthood. The sooner you start taking them, the sooner addiction will begin to develop.
The doctor must choose the best antibiotic for ARVI, based on the characteristics of the patient’s body and the form of complications. The specialist must do everything to help the patient overcome the disease as much as possible, while avoiding adverse reactions. The problem is complicated by the fact that every year pathogens become more and more resistant to broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs.
How to take antibiotics correctly?
It is necessary to use antibiotics for ARVI only when it is impossible to do without them. Runny nose and cough in mild form can be easily treated with antiviral drugs. Additional therapy is carried out when complications begin and a bacterial infection joins the symptoms of a cold. If the high temperature persists for more than three days, purulent discharge appears and the general state patient, antibiotics are prescribed.
It is advisable to write down all information about taking antibiotics in a special notebook. Pathogenic microorganisms can develop immunity to antibacterial drugs. Therefore, treatment cannot be started with potent drugs. If complications arise, the doctor will definitely ask what antibiotics were taken previously for ARVI. The same drug will not give equally good results when treating different patients.
To select appropriate antibiotics for acute respiratory viral infections, it is worth conducting a bacterial culture. In this way it will be possible to determine the sensitivity of microorganisms to certain group antibacterial drugs. The only problem may be that laboratory analysis can take from two to seven days. During this time, the patient's condition may worsen.
Antibiotics for influenza and ARVI must be taken strictly according to the schedule. You just have to forget about the medications for one day, and the unpleasant symptoms of the disease will appear again. There should be a certain period of time between taking pills. If the drug is taken twice a day, then this must be done strictly every 12 hours.
How many days are antibiotics taken?
Regardless of what antibiotics your doctor prescribes for ARVI, you should take them for at least five days. The very next day after the start of antibacterial therapy, the patient will feel a significant improvement in his condition. But under no circumstances should you interrupt treatment. The duration of taking antibacterial drugs is determined by the therapist.
There are long-acting antibiotics that are prescribed in particularly severe cases. The scheme for their administration is divided into several stages. The patient will have to take the pills for three days, then take a break for the same period of time. Antibacterial drugs are taken in three doses.
Taking probiotics
Any antibiotics act not only on pathogenic microorganisms, but also on those that are beneficial. During the treatment period, the natural intestinal microflora is disrupted. Therefore, it is additionally worth taking medications that can restore the normal state of the body. Such drugs as “Bifiform”, “Linex”, “Narine”, “Gastrofarm” have a good effect. Not only should you take probiotics, but you should also consume more dairy products. The drugs are taken in between taking antibiotics.
During the treatment period it is necessary to observe special treatment nutrition. It is worth eating more vegetables and fruits, giving up fatty and spicy foods. Any antibiotics for ARVI in adults and children inhibit liver function. It is necessary to eat light foods that will not burden the organ. White bread It is advisable to replace it with black, and dried fruits will be an excellent alternative to sweets.
Antibacterial drugs for adults
Cephalosporins are semisynthetic antibacterial drugs with a broad spectrum of action. There are several generations of these funds. The most popular drugs are Aspeter, Ceporin, and Cephalexin. They can be prescribed when various diseases respiratory system. "Aspetil" is also suitable for use in children, provided that the patient weighs over 25 kg.
Fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum drugs that are quickly absorbed into soft tissues. The most popular are Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin. These antibacterial drugs are contraindicated for children, women during pregnancy and lactation, as well as people suffering from epilepsy. There are also cases of serious allergic reactions to fluoroquinolones. The drugs are used twice a day, 500 mg.
Macrolides are drugs that have a bacteriological effect. They can be prescribed for complications of ARVI such as bronchitis, tonsillitis, otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia. Macrolides include Azithromycin and Erythromycin. It is difficult to answer the question of which antibiotic is best for ARVI. After all, the effect of taking macrolides can be noticeable only after 2-3 days. These drugs are approved for use during pregnancy and lactation. The daily dosage of the medicine cannot exceed 1.5 g (divided into 5-6 doses).
Penicillins are antibiotics that act on streptococci and staphylococci. The most common drugs are Amoxiclav and Amoxicillin. This group of antibacterial drugs is considered the least toxic. Possible use in pediatric therapy. The effectiveness of taking it can be noticed within a few days. The general course of treatment should last at least five days. In the most difficult cases, penicillins are taken for 10-14 days.
Which ones are most often prescribed for ARVI?
For diseases of the upper respiratory tract, Augmentin is often prescribed to babies older than three months. This drug is offered in pharmacies in powder form. It is turned into a suspension and given to children 3 times a day. In rare cases, an allergic reaction in the form of a rash may occur. A positive result from treatment can be seen the very next day after the start of antibiotic therapy.
For complications of ARVI such as otitis media, tonsillitis, cystitis, and sinusitis, children may be prescribed Zinacef. The drug is presented in the form of a solution for injection. The dosage is determined by the age and weight of the child. The drug is diluted with water.
"Sumamed Forte" is another popular drug in pediatric therapy. The antibacterial agent has a wide spectrum of action and allows you to overcome the disease in the most short time. The medicine "Sumamed" is contraindicated in children under 6 months. The drug is presented in the form of a powder, which is diluted into a suspension. The dosage is calculated based on the child’s weight (10 mg per 1 kg of weight). The drug is taken once a day.
A standard acute respiratory infection, ARVI develops as a result of the penetration of viruses into the body, but often against the background of a weakened immune system, a bacterial infection occurs; in such cases, antibiotics are prescribed for colds. If you choose the wrong drugs, you can only worsen the situation - serious complications and allergies will arise. Be careful.
Antibiotics are used to fight infection
When are antibiotics prescribed for a cold?
For a common cold, there is no point in taking antibiotics, since the disease is of viral origin, but often respiratory infections are complicated by bacterial pathologies - here you cannot do without antibiotics.
When to take antibiotics for a cold:
- 2–3 days after the onset of the disease, the patient’s condition does not improve, but only worsens;
- the runny nose gets worse, it is difficult to breathe through the nose, the discharge becomes yellow or green in color;
- after 4–5 days of acute respiratory infection, a deep cough with a large amount of sputum appears;
- the temperature rises sharply to 38 degrees or more.
If the temperature rises sharply, antibiotics are prescribed
Complicated cold - an exception to the rule, immunity healthy person able to cope with viruses in 7–10 days. The risk of developing pneumonia, sore throat, otitis, sinusitis, bronchitis is high in people whose protective forces weakened. Who is at risk? Young children, elderly people, people who have undergone organ transplantation, for a long time Patients with HIV and cancer take immunosuppressants and corticosteroids.
For a healthy adult, colds up to 6 times a year are normal; in children, this figure can reach 10 cases annually. When taken in a timely manner antiviral drugs recovery occurs within 7–10 days.
List of the best antibiotics for colds
If signs of a bacterial infection appear, or prescribe broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs. After receiving the results of tests on the sensitivity of microorganisms to the active component of the drug, a drug is prescribed that will directly affect the causative agents of the disease.
Antibiotics for colds in adults
To eliminate bacterial complications of colds, antibacterial agents from the group of penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, and lincosamides are used. Most medications can be purchased at a pharmacy without a prescription, but it is better to take potent medications as prescribed by a specialist.
An effective antibacterial drug, contains amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, belongs to the penicillin group. Available in tablets, powder for suspensions and injections. Price – 270–370 rub.
The drug is prescribed if ENT complications, pneumonia, or bronchitis occur as a result of a cold.
Amoxiclav is an antibacterial drug
Contraindications:
- mononucleosis;
- a history of liver disease, cholestatic jaundice;
- lymphocytic leukemia
During pregnancy, a medicine is prescribed only if the expected therapeutic effect of treatment exceeds the possible risks for the woman and the fetus. The medicine may cause the development of congenital necrotizing colitis in a newborn.
Treatment regimen
Duration of therapy is 5–14 days.
Due to the presence of clavulanic acid, Amoxiclav destroys even those strains of bacteria that are immune to amoxicillin.A cheap antibacterial agent of the penicillin series, produced in capsules, tablets, and in the form of a suspension. Price – 80–120 rub. The medicine helps with otolaryngological bacterial diseases, bronchitis, pneumonia.
Affordable antibacterial drug Amoxicillin
Contraindications:
- bronchial asthma, diathesis of allergic origin;
- liver dysfunction;
- dysbacteriosis;
- lactation, pregnancy;
- some forms of leukemia;
- mononucleosis.
The standard dosage is 500 mg every 8 hours. Duration of therapy is 6–10 days.
A powerful, but at the same time cheap antibiotic; the package contains only 3 tablets, which is enough for a complete recovery. The drug is classified as separate group azalides due to some structural features, effective against most strains of bacteria. Available in tablets, capsules, powder for suspension. Price – 120–220 rub.
Azithromycin is an effective antibiotic
Indications for use:
- tonsillitis, inflammation of the mucous membranes of the larynx, paranasal sinuses;
- bronchitis;
- pneumonia;
- otitis media of the middle ear.
Dosage – 500 mg once a day 2 hours after meals, you should drink the medicine throughout three days, for angina, the course can be extended to 5 days. Contraindications – violation heart rate, serious illnesses kidneys and liver, lactation period. Pregnant women are sometimes prescribed the drug in a standard dosage, but they should drink it only under constant medical supervision.
Azithromycin should not be taken together with Heparin.A combined universal antibiotic containing amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, it is sold in tablets, in the form of a suspension and powder for injections. Price – 260–370 rub.
The standard dosage is 250 mg three times a day, for advanced forms of pathologies - 500 mg 3 times a day, or 875 mg in the morning and evening. Injections are given every 4–8 hours, 1000 mg, depending on the severity of the pathology. Duration of treatment is 7–14 days.
Augmentin is a combination antibiotic
The drug is intended to eliminate the manifestations of diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, pathologies of the ENT organs of a bacterial nature. Contraindications – intolerance to components medicine, jaundice or history of liver dysfunction.
An inexpensive but good antibiotic from the lincosamide group, effective only against gram-positive bacteria, available in tablets, in the form of a solution for intravenous or intramuscular administration. Price – 110–180 rub.
The medicine is prescribed for inflammation of the lungs and middle ear, bronchitis, and sore throat. Contraindications – severe kidney and liver pathologies, the period of pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Lincomycin belongs to the group of lincosamides
Intravenously and intramuscularly, 0.6 g is prescribed three times a day; in difficult cases, the dosage is increased to 2.4 g. The oral dose is 1.5 g per day, divided into 3 doses. Duration of treatment is 1–2 weeks.
Lincomycin should not be taken simultaneously with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, otherwise breathing may stop.
An effective and gentle antibacterial agent of the penicillin series, it contains amoxicillin and is available in tablets with various dosages. Price – 230–480 rub.
Flemoxin Solutab is an effective and gentle antibiotic
The medicine helps eliminate bacterial infections in the respiratory system, acute otitis media. Contraindications: lymphocytic leukemia, gastrointestinal and kidney diseases, pregnancy, breastfeeding.
The effect of the drug does not depend on food intake; the tablet can be swallowed whole, crushed, or dissolved in water.
How to take the medicine
In severe forms of the pathology, the dosage of the drug is not increased, but it must be taken 3 times a day. The duration of treatment is no more than a week.
A strong antibiotic, belongs to group II cephalosporins, contains cefuroxime axetil, affects gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, is available in tablets and granules for suspension. Price – 230–400 rub.
The treatment regimen is 250 mg of the drug in the morning and evening; for severe forms of the disease, the single dosage can be increased to 500 mg. Course duration is 5–10 days.
Zinnat is a strong bactericidal agent
The medicine helps with infectious diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, sinusitis, and otitis media. The drug has no contraindications, except for individual intolerance; it is prescribed with caution to patients with pathologies digestive system, kidney. During pregnancy and breastfeeding The antibiotic can be taken in a standard dosage.
An expensive modern antibiotic, it belongs to the third generation cephalosporins, contains cefixime, is produced in capsules, granules for preparing a suspension, Suprax Solutab - tablets for resorption or dissolution in water. Price – 620–820 rub.
The medicine shows high effectiveness in the treatment of pneumonia, tonsillopharyngitis, bronchitis, sinusitis and otitis media. The drug is contraindicated in chronic renal failure, a decrease in creatinine clearance to 60 ml/min, the drug should be taken with caution by elderly people with a history of colitis.
Suprax is a modern effective antibiotic
Dosage – 400 mg once a day, or 200 mg in the morning and evening; you can take the medicine regardless of meals. Duration of treatment is 1–2 weeks.
Cephalosporins are considered the safest antibiotics during pregnancy; Suprax can be taken in a standard dosage. Active substances drugs penetrate into breast milk, therefore, drinking it is contraindicated during lactation.
Effective, one of the most effective antibiotics from the group of macrolides of the third generation, it destroys even those microbes that are in tissue cells and is produced in capsules and tablets. Price – 320–520 rub.
The average dose is 250 mg in the morning and evening for 6–14 days, in some cases the dosage can be increased to 1000 mg per day.
Clarithromycin is an effective drug for the treatment of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections.
Clarithromycin is considered one of the the best drugs to eliminate complications of influenza and ARVI, it is prescribed for bronchitis, pneumonia, sore throat, bronchitis. Contraindications – lactation, individual intolerance; pregnant women can take the medicine from the second trimester. Clarithromycin has been successfully used to treat chronic forms of tuberculosis.
List of antibiotics for children
Antibiotics are often prescribed to children during an epidemic of influenza and colds, since complications can arise quickly in a child, literally in a few hours.
List of the best children's antibiotics
Drug name | At what age can you take it? | Group | Admission rules |
From 6 months in the form of a suspension, from 12 years - tablets and capsules | Macrolides and azalides | · suspension – 10 mg/kg once a day 2 hours after meals for three days; · tablets – 500 mg/day for three days. |
|
From birth in the form of a suspension | Penicillins | · before three months– 30 mg/kg, divided into 2 doses; · over three months – 40 mg/kg; · if you weigh more than 40 kg – 375 mg every 8 hours |
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From birth in the form of a suspension, from 12 years - tablets and capsules | Penicillins | · up to two years – 30 mg/kg in 3 divided doses; · 2–5 years – 125 mg three times a day; · 5–12 years – 250 mg every 8 hours |
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From the first year of life | Penicillins | · up to one year – 30–60 mg/kg per day, divided into 3 doses; · 1–3 years – 250 mg twice a day, or 125 mg once every 8 hours; · 3–10 years – 2500 mg three times a day; · over 10 years – 500–750 mg in the morning and evening. |
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In the form of a suspension from three months, in tablets – from three years | Cephalosporins | · from three months – 125 mg suspension twice a day; · up to three years – 250 mg suspension 2 times a day; · over three years - 125 mg twice a day in tablets; for otitis, the doctor can increase the single dose to 250 mg |
To identify a bacterial infection in a child, it is enough to do a clinical blood test; when affected by bacteria, the ESR and the number of leukocytes increase, active growth of band and segmented neutrophils is observed - the more severe the disease, the more the leukocyte formula shifts to the left.
Drinking or injecting an antibiotic – which is better?
When there is a bacterial infection, the question often arises: should I inject or take antibiotics? Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages.
The injections act faster, penetrate immediately into the bloodstream, bypassing digestive tract, which reduces the risk of developing dysbacteriosis. But injection of drugs is quite painful, especially for children, and there is a high probability of infection and abscesses.
The tablets are easy to take; most modern antibacterial agents need to be taken once a day. But they act slowly, because they must first dissolve in the intestines, and only then are absorbed into the blood.
According to the canons of safety that are accepted in world medicine, the injection method of administering antibiotics against colds is prescribed only in very severe cases, in a hospital.
Antibiotics help eliminate complications of influenza and colds of bacterial origin. You should choose a drug carefully, taking into account age and the presence of chronic diseases.