Marsh plant. Moisture-loving swamp
105. Eleocharis palustris R. Br.
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"Common swamp grass" in books
Ordinary school
From the book Almost Seriously... [With illustrations by the author] author Nikulin Yuri VladimirovichOrdinary school No delegations came to our 346th ordinary school, where I moved, writers did not come to us, artists did not organize concerts for us. Only once did a woman in a white robe come to us and for an hour, in popular language, taught us how
"An Ordinary Story"
From the book My “Contemporary” author Ivanova Lyudmila Ivanovna“An Ordinary Story” Oleg Efremov was a very generous person. He gave ideas and even entire productions: for example, on the poster of “The Naked King” is the name of Mara Mikaelyan, although Efremov worked on the play. It’s the same with “The Third Wish,” which Evgeniy is considered to be the director of.
ORDINARY WORK
From the book Notes of a Scout author Pipchuk VasilyORDINARY WORK The winter in Ukraine that year, 1944, was uneven - there would be thaws and the sun appearing in the blue sky, then suddenly a north wind would fly by and raise a blizzard that would penetrate to the bones. Previously, such vagaries of nature had no effect on the scouts. On the contrary, they
Common boiled pork
From the book Juicy boiled pork and brawn author Lukyanenko Inna VladimirovnaEaster ordinary
From the book Dairy Kitchen. Healthy nutrition without the hassle! author Isaeva Elena LvovnaEaster ordinary
From the book Studies on Nutrition author Mogilny N PCommon ear
From the book Fish Dishes. Recipes for every taste author Zvonareva Agafya TikhonovnaCommon ear
From the book Cooking in Nature author Melnikov IlyaNorway spruce
From the book Flower Garden for the Lazy. Flowers from the last snow to the first frost authorNorway spruce
From the book Blooming Garden, easy and simple. Green and beautiful area all year round author Kizima Galina AlexandrovnaNorway spruce Conifers make up almost half of all forests on Earth, with spruce forests making up the majority. This is explained by the fact that young plants from the fallen seeds of the parent tree grow well in its shade, just as in the partial shade of any deciduous tree.
Swamp
From the book Encyclopedia of Slavic culture, writing and mythology author Kononenko Alexey AnatolievichBolotnitsa In the demonology of the Slavs, a drowned maiden, a swamp maiden, a swamp maiden who lives in a swamp. They imagined her with disheveled, unkempt long black hair, which was decorated with sedge and forget-me-nots; with green eyes, always naked and ready to turn people on
Swamp
From the book Slavic gods, spirits, heroes of epics author Kryuchkova Olga EvgenievnaSwamp
From the book Slavic gods, spirits, heroes of epics. Illustrated Encyclopedia author Kryuchkova Olga EvgenievnaBolotnitsa – in Slavic mythology, this was the name of the drowned maiden who lived in the swamp. She lured people to her in order to tickle them to death and drown them in the swamp. Also, swampwomen could send strong storms and rains, strong hail to the fields. Depicted in the form of a naked
112. SPRUCE
From the book Plants - Your Friends and Foes author Akhmedov Rim Bilalovich112. COMMON SPRUCE Young tops of branches, immature cones and needles are often used in everyday life for diseases of the upper respiratory tract, bronchial asthma, kidney and bladder diseases, and in the form of baths for pain in the joints of various origins. DROPS. 30 g
SPRUCE
From the book Antivirus Plants. Flu - fight! Fast and reliable treatment of viral diseases author Nilova Daria OlegovnaCOMMON SPRUCE The evergreen beauty spruce is the oldest tree in the Russian forest: it appeared here in the Cretaceous period of the Mesozoic era. Like other conifers, spruce produces phytoncides. You've probably noticed how fresh the air in your apartment is when it's...
There are about 200 species of bogwort, spread throughout the globe. They grow in shallow waters, shallows, the banks of reservoirs and grassy swamps. Russian swampweeds, also known as sitnyags, are easily recognized by rows of single rounded stems, up to 40-60 cm high, usually sitting on a horizontal rhizome, having a single apical multi-flowered spikelet; all the few leaves are scale-like. Often found in damp and swampy meadows, along coastal areas of water bodies, damp and wet roadsides swamp swamp. The only one of the bogworts is an annual - boletus ovoid, settled along damp dirt roads and the banks of reservoirs.
Swampweed (Eleocharis palustris (L.) R.Br.)
Description of appearance:
Flowers: The spikelet is multi-flowered, usually elongated-ovate or almost cylindrical, pointed at the apex, 2.5-16 mm long and 1-3(4) mm wide, at the bottom with two sterile scales (rarely one sterile scale), covering half the base of the spikelet. Covering scales are 2-5 mm long, ovoid, pointed or obtuse, usually dark brown, with or without a green median stripe. There are four (five) or none perianthal setae.
Height: 10-50(60) cm.
Stem: Stems are close together or spaced apart, 0.3-1.7 mm thick, green or bluish-green, smooth, usually with two scale-like leaves.
Root: With a creeping horizontal rhizome.
Fetus: 1.1-1.6 mm long, obovate, with a finely punctate surface without longitudinal stripes; The stylopodium (base of the style) is usually conical, separated from the apex of the fruit by a constriction.
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: Marsh grass grows along the banks of reservoirs, damp and swampy meadows, and ditches; often in water.
Prevalence: Cosmopolitan. Distributed throughout Russia (rare in Arctic regions).
Addition: In certain regions of the central zone of the European part of Russia (Ryazan, Tula, etc.) it is found Austrian marshweed (Eleocharis austriaca Hayek) with a narrow-conical stylopodia and a grayish-green thin stem pressed to the top of the fruit.
Single-scaled marshweed (Eleocharis uniglumis (Link) Schult.)
Description of appearance:
Flowers: Spikelet 0.5-1.5(2) cm long, relatively few-flowered, with one sterile scale at the bottom, covering at least two-thirds of the base of the spikelet. Covering scales are usually dark purple, without a light membranous edge or with a very narrow edge, rarely almost black, 3.5-4.2(5.5) mm long. Perianth setae include 3-5(6), less often they are absent.
Height: 10-40(60) cm.
Stem: 0.5-1.2 mm thick.
Root: With creeping rhizome.
Fetus: 1.5-2.2 mm long; stylopodium conical, less often almost mastoid.
Flowering and fruiting time: Blooms in June-August, bears fruit in July-September.
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: Single-scaled bogweed grows along the banks of reservoirs, damp and swampy meadows, roadsides, and ditches; often in water and on damp peat soil.
Prevalence: Predominantly Euro-Siberian species, widespread in Russia in the European part (usually in the non-chernozem zone) and in Siberia; also known in Kamchatka.
Eleocharis mamillata Lindb.f.
Description of appearance:
Flowers: Spikelet 5-11 mm long and 2.5-4 mm wide, often separated from the stem by a constriction, with two sterile scales at the base. Covering scales are ovate-lanceolate, acute, 2-3.5 mm long and 1-1.5 mm wide, brownish, with or without a green median stripe, with a white membranous border along the edge. Perianth setae (4) 5-8, 1.5 times larger than the fruit. Stigma two.
Height: 10-40(50) cm.
Stem: 0.5-1.5 mm thick, green, smooth, with 2-3 brownish-red scale-like leaves at the base.
Root: With creeping rhizome.
Fetus: Broadly obovate, 1-1.5 mm long; stylopodia mastoid, 0.3-0.5(0.6) mm long and tightly pressed to the apex of the fruit.
Flowering and fruiting time:
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: Marsh grass grows on damp and swampy banks of reservoirs, peat ditches, and damp roadsides.
Prevalence: Predominantly European species. In Russia, it is distributed in the central zone of the European part (mainly in the non-chernozem zone) and in some northern regions; very rare in southern Siberia and the Far East.
Swampweed (Eleocharis ovata (Roth) Roem. et Schult.)
Description of appearance:
Flowers: Spikelets broadly ovate or almost spherical, less often ovate, multi-flowered, dense, with one sterile scale at the base; When the fruit ripens, the lower scales fall off. Covering scales are brown or reddish-brown, sometimes greenish, with white membranous edges. There are 5-7 perianthal setae, larger than the fruit; less often, they are absent.
Height: 10-30 cm.
Stem: Stems numerous.
Fetus: 0.8-1 mm long, broadly obovate; stylopodia short-conical, lamellar, with a wide base.
Flowering and fruiting time: Blooms in June-July, bears fruit in July-August.
Lifespan: Annual plant.
Habitat: Marsh ovoid grows on sandy and muddy banks of reservoirs, damp sides of meadow and forest roads, and the edges of ditches.
Prevalence: Subcircumboreal species. In Russia, it is distributed in many areas of the European part (except for the Arctic) and in the Far East; known in several places in southern Siberia. Found in all regions of Central Russia.
Needle swamp (Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. et Schult.)
Description of appearance:
Flowers: Spikelets 2-4 mm long; at their base there are no sterile (sterile) scales. Covering scales are greenish or brown, with white membranous edges. Perianth setae number 3-4 or are absent. Stigma three.
Height: 5-15 cm.
Stem: Stems thread-like.
Fruit: Oblong-obovate; stylopodia 0.2 mm long, short-conical, delimited from the apex of the fruit by a constriction.
Flowering and fruiting time: Blooms in June-August, bears fruit in July-September.
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: Needle marsh grass grows in shallow waters, shallows of rivers and lakes, and in damp ditches; usually in water.
Prevalence: Distributed in Eurasia and North America. In Russia - in the European part, Siberia and the Far East (Kamchatka). Found in all regions of Central Russia.
Five-flowered marshweed (Eleocharis quinqueflora (Hartm.) O.Schwartz)
Description of appearance:
Flowers: Spikelet ovoid, 3-6 mm long and 1-3 mm wide, 2-7-flowered. Covering scales are 3-5 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, chestnut or brown, usually without a light median stripe, with a whitish membranous edge; There are no sterile scales. There are six or none perianthal setae. Stigma three.
Height: 3-30 (40) cm.
Stem: Stems 0.3-1.2 mm thick, spaced or close together and forming bunches, gray-green, at the base with 2 (3) brownish or reddish scale-like leaves.
Fetus: Obovate, triangular, 1.8-2.7 mm long and 1-1.5 mm wide, gray or brownish-gray; stylopodia triangular or almost needle-shaped, not delimited from the fruit.
Flowering and fruiting time: Blooms in June, bears fruit in July.
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: Five-flowered marshweed grows in spring marshes, in marshy meadows, and along the banks of reservoirs; usually on saline soils or in areas close to limestone.
Prevalence: Distributed in Europe, the Caucasus and North America. In Russia - mainly in the European part; very rare in southern Siberia and the Far East (Kamchatka). It is found in many regions of Central Russia, but sporadically and rarely.
Addition: With thin reddish stolons.
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Eleocharis R.Br. , 1810
Taxonomy on Wikispecies | Images on Wikimedia Commons |
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Bolotnitsa, Also Sitnyag(lat. Eleocharis) - a genus of moisture-loving annual and perennial herbaceous plants of the sedge family ( Cyperaceae).
Distribution and habitat
Plants of this genus are found in damp places: near ponds, in swamps and in wet meadows. May form thickets.
Botanical description
Classification
For Russia, several common types are common:
- Eleocharis acicularis- Needleweed
- Eleocharis dulcis- Sweet marshweed, or Chinese water chestnut
- Eleocharis margaritacea- Pearl bog
- Eleocharis mitracarpa- Bogwort cap
- Eleocharis palustris- Swamp swamp
- Eleocharis parvula- The swamp is small
Economic importance and application
Some species are used in landscape design to decorate ponds and streams, to strengthen banks and give them a natural look. Several species are weeds of rice crops.
Certain species, for example Needleweed, can be used in aquariums, where thickets of grass form shelters for fish, purify the water and enrich it with oxygen.
For the sake of edible corms, sweet swampweed is cultivated in China ( Eleocharis dulcis), known as "Chinese water chestnut".
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Notes
Literature
- // Flora of the USSR: in 30 volumes / ch. ed. V. L. Komarov. - M.-L. : Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1935. - T. III / ed. volumes by B.K. Shishkin. - P. 65-90. - 636 + XXV p. - 5175 copies.
Excerpt characterizing Bolotnitsa (plant)
In 1811, in Moscow there lived a French doctor who quickly became fashionable, huge in stature, handsome, as amiable as a Frenchman and, as everyone in Moscow said, a doctor of extraordinary skill - Metivier. He was accepted into the houses of high society not as a doctor, but as an equal.Prince Nikolai Andreich, who laughed at medicine, recently, on the advice of m lle Bourienne, allowed this doctor to visit him and got used to him. Metivier visited the prince twice a week.
On Nikola’s day, the prince’s name day, all of Moscow was at the entrance of his house, but he did not order to receive anyone; and only a few, a list of which he gave to Princess Marya, he ordered to be called to dinner.
Metivier, who arrived in the morning with congratulations, in his capacity as a doctor, found it proper to de forcer la consigne [to violate the prohibition], as he told Princess Marya, and went in to see the prince. It so happened that on this birthday morning the old prince was in one of his worst moods. He walked around the house all morning, finding fault with everyone and pretending that he did not understand what they were saying to him and that they did not understand him. Princess Marya firmly knew this state of mind of quiet and preoccupied grumbling, which was usually resolved by an explosion of rage, and as if in front of a loaded, cocked gun, she walked all that morning, waiting for the inevitable shot. The morning before the doctor arrived went well. Having let the doctor pass, Princess Marya sat down with a book in the living room by the door, from which she could hear everything that was happening in the office.
At first she heard one voice of Metivier, then the voice of her father, then both voices spoke together, the door swung open and on the threshold appeared the frightened, beautiful figure of Metivier with his black crest, and the figure of a prince in a cap and robe with a face disfigured by rage and drooping pupils of his eyes.
– Don’t you understand? - the prince shouted, - but I understand! French spy, Bonaparte's slave, spy, get out of my house - get out, I say - and he slammed the door.
Metivier shrugged his shoulders and approached Mademoiselle Bourienne, who had come running in response to the scream from the next room.
“The prince is not entirely healthy,” la bile et le transport au cerveau. Tranquillisez vous, je repasserai demain, [bile and rush to the brain. Calm down, I’ll come by tomorrow,” said Metivier and, putting his finger to his lips, he hurriedly left.
Outside the door one could hear footsteps in shoes and shouts: “Spies, traitors, traitors everywhere! There is no moment of peace in your home!”
The swamp grass, or sitnyag, is most often found in damp areas - in wet meadows, swamps and near ponds. Sometimes it forms quite dense thickets. In nature, there are over one hundred and fifty species of this rather interesting plant. And swampweed grows in a huge number of regions of the world, although its homeland is usually considered to be the warm regions of distant South and North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia.
Getting to know the plant
Marshweed belongs to the sedge family and is both an annual and perennial. This elegant plant is endowed with creeping horizontal rhizomes (sometimes even with bulbs or tubers at the ends) and a huge number of single thread-like stems ranging from five centimeters to half a meter in height. These cylindrical stems are equipped with internal partitions and cavities, and at their tips you can see small cone-shaped inflorescences. The leaves of the swampweed are either completely absent or reduced to barely noticeable scales.Small elliptical spikelets of swampweed contain 3, 7 or 15 bisexual flowers. And almost round in cross-section, vaguely triangular fruits-nuts of a whitish color are endowed with transverse stripes and longitudinal ribs.
Among the most famous types of swampweed, we should note the swampwort, hanging (often cultivated as a houseplant), needle-shaped, papillary, single-scaled, ovate (by the way, this is the only annual among the swampworts) and pearl.
Using the swamp
Quite a large part of the varieties of this moisture-loving beauty are excellent for decorating streams and ponds in landscape design - bogwort gives them a natural look. In addition, it is capable of creating a magnificent background for a huge number of other ornamental marsh and aquatic plants.Swampweed is used both to strengthen banks and as feed for cattle. And some of its species are considered weeds of rice crops.
A number of other varieties of this plant can be used in aquariums - a striking example of this is the needle swamp, the thickets of which enrich the water with oxygen, purify it, and are also an excellent refuge for aquarium fish.
The beautiful bogwort is also used as a bioindicator plant to determine the ecological state of all kinds of water bodies. It has also proven itself well as an anchor holding bottom riccia.
Sweet marshweed is widely cultivated in China for its edible corms, due to which the plant is also called "Chinese water chestnut".
How to grow
Marshweed is usually grown in shallow water or on damp soils. The most suitable will be silted, slightly acidic clay soils. It is extremely important to ensure that the soil does not dry out. You should also know that this plant is incredibly light-loving.The swampweed is most often planted on swampy sunny shores directly into the soil, the thickness of which should not exceed three centimeters, since the root system of this green nursery is not particularly well developed. Sometimes swampweed is also planted in containers that can be submerged under water to a depth of ten centimeters. The moisture-loving beauty growing in containers should be fed monthly with various complex fertilizers. And with the onset of winter, the containers in which the hanging mireweed grows are moved to cool and fairly bright rooms for the winter. It is noteworthy that relatively heat-loving varieties of this plant are usually grown in containers. And cold-resistant species grow well in shallow waters, as well as on well-moistened low banks.
The wonderful swampweed reproduces throughout the growing season by dividing plants or seeds. The cuttings formed from the mother bushes are quite easily separated and immediately transplanted to new places.