The battle formation of small and medium-sized infantry fighting vehicles on the offensive. Combat formation of SMEs on the offensive
The basics of modern
combined arms combat
Lesson 4
Motorized rifle, tank
battalion on the offensive
Study questions
1.2.
3.
The place of SMEs (tb) in the offensive. Combat
order, combat missions and preparation
onset of SMEs (tb).
SME offensive
enemy
from
defender
provisions
direct contact.
SME offensive against the defending enemy with
on the go
Learning objectives of the lesson:
explore with students the goals, content andoffensive requirements;
introduce the main types,
methods and conditions of conducting
offensive combat;
study the commander's work procedure
organizing the offensive;
study the fire attack procedure,
sequence and methods of defeat
defending enemy;
develop students' skills
control in offensive combat
1. Study question
The place of SMEs (tb) in the offensive.Order of battle, combat missions and
preparing for the SME offensive
(tb)
.Offensive - main
type of combat, carried out for the purpose of
defeat
(destruction)
enemy
And
mastery
important
districts
(borders,
objects)
terrain. Offensive
is
V
defeat
enemy
everyone
available means, decisive
attack, rapid advance
troops into the depth of his battle formation,
destruction and capture of manpower,
capture
weapons
And
technology,
various
objects,
planned
areas (borders) of the area. By defeat is meant
inflicting such on the enemy
damage in which he loses
ability to resist.
Tactical tasks of a battalion (company) on the offensive
Fire defeat of the enemy, conquest andmaintaining fire superiority;
disorganization of the system of command and control of troops and weapons,
enemy reconnaissance;
taking the starting position for the attack;
advancement and deployment of elements of the battle formation,
approaching the enemy;
attacking the front line of the enemy's defense;
mastering the first position;
mastering the second position;
bringing the second echelon (combined arms reserve) into battle;
mastering the third position;
repelling enemy counterattacks;
the defeat of its second echelons (reserves), units
(units) remaining in the rear of the advancing troops, and
other. Offensive
Maybe
be conducted
on
defender
upcoming
or
retreating enemy.
Offensive
battalion
on
occupying a prepared defense
the enemy is usually carried out
from
provisions
direct
contact with him, but hastily
went on the defensive - with advancement
from the depths. Attack on
advancing enemy
conducted by counter
battle, but on the retreating one by pursuing him. Motorized rifle
And
tank
battalions can advance in the first
echelon of a brigade (regiment), constitute
her
second
echelon
or
combined arms reserve, operate in
quality
avant-garde,
advanced
(raid,
special,
bypassing or reconnaissance)
detachment and amphibious assault, as well as
make up
basis
assault
squad. A motorized rifle (tank) company can advance in
the first echelon of the battalion, constitute its second echelon
or reserve, act as the head marching outpost,
bypassing, special detachments.
Self-propelled artillery battery and grenade launcher
unit of the motorized rifle battalion remain in
directly subordinate to the battalion commander and
operate in full force to support the attackers
divisions in the direction of concentration of the main
battalion efforts. Sometimes a platoon mortar battery, and
grenade launcher unit assigned to squads
companies of the first echelon.
Anti-tank unit (anti-tank
section) of a battalion (company) usually remains in
direct subordination to the battalion (company) commander and
operates in full force. Battalion order of battle
usually includes: first,
second echelons,
artillery
divisions, divisions
and fire weapons (means
lesions) remaining in
direct subordination
battalion commander.
When forming a battle formation in
one echelon stands out
combined arms reserve. During the offensive
position of companies (platoons) in combat
The battalion (company) order can be:
in line,
angle forward,
angle back,
ledge to the right,
ledge to the left. Front
offensive
determined
taking into account
combat personnel of regular and
attached units, their
opportunities,
composition
enemy
And
conditions
conditions (terrain, weather
etc.). Average rate of advance
are determined
on
basis
calculations and depend on
conditions
terrain
And
situation, state of their
divisions
And
enemy, building it
defense, as well as others
factors and may amount to
0.8-1 km per hour. Motorized rifle (tank), battalion
usually attacks at a front of up to 2 km,
company – up to 1 km,
platoon - up to 300m,
compartment – up to 50m,
the interval between soldiers is 6-8m.
At the breakthrough site:
The battalion advances – up to 1 km;
Rota - up to 500m. During the offensive, the battalion of the first
echelons are set:
immediate task;
further task;
direction is determined
further offensive.
Company, as well as the battalion of the second
echelon the nearest one is indicated
task and direction for further
offensive Immediate task
battalion 1st
echelon usually
is to defeat
enemy in strongholds
points mouth first
echelon on its front
offensive and mastery
them The further task of the battalion
the first echelon may consist of
development of the offensive, defeat
enemy in cooperation with
neighboring battalions in depth
area of defense and acquisition
first position. Direction
further offensive
to ensure implementation
further tasks of the brigade (regiment) Combat order and combat missions of the SMEs on the offensive The company's immediate task
first echelon, including
tank company attached
motorized rifle battalion,
is to defeat
enemy in a strong point
first echelon platoon and
mastering it. Direction
further offensive
is determined in such a way that
to ensure
completing the immediate task
battalion The company's immediate task
second tier at
introducing it into battle can
be to complete
destruction of the enemy
together with companies of the first
echelons at strong points
in the depths of defense and
mastering the first
position. The battalion's immediate task
second echelon when entering it
the battle may involve
development of the offensive,
completing the defeat together
with first echelon battalions
brigade (regimental) reserves
the enemy and mastering them
abroad. Future direction
battalion advance
(companies) of the second echelon
determined with this
calculation so that
ensure fulfillment
further task
brigade (regiment, battalion). Direction of concentration
main effort is indicated
senior boss or
determined by the commander
battalion to the full depth
offensive or only on
depth of the immediate task and in
during the offensive may
change. Key offensive indicators
battalion are determined by the goal, objectives,
the specific situation,
composition, condition, capabilities and
position of units; composition,
condition, capabilities and
building enemy defenses and
characterized by the depth of combat
tasks, offensive front,
average rate of advance and
execution duration
combat mission. The battalion's order of battle usually includes:
first,
second
echelons,
artillery
divisions (division), subdivisions and
fire
funds
(means
lesions),
remaining directly subordinate
battalion commander. When building a combat
about one echelon is allocated to a combined arms
reserve.
A company's order of battle usually includes: first
echelon,
artillery
subdivision,
units and fire assets remaining
directly subordinate to the company commander. The battle formation of a reinforced tank company.
Platoon position - backward angle (option) The first echelon is intended for
defeat of the opposing
enemy, execution of the nearest
tasks and development of the offensive
together with the second echelon
(combined arms reserve) for the entire
depth of the combat mission.
It may include two or three
company (platoon) with reinforcements. The second echelon is intended for development
success of the first echelon; completion of execution
together with him the immediate and future tasks;
replacing or strengthening first echelon units,
suffered significant losses; repelling counterattacks,
defeating enemy reserves; destruction
the enemy remaining on the flanks and rear of the first
echelon; consolidating captured lines and solving
other tasks.
Its composition in the battalion can be up to a company.
Before the offensive begins, it is usually located in
specified area, during the offensive advances in
1.5-2 km behind the first echelon units. The battalion's fire system includes:
- motorized rifle fire systems and
tank companies;
-staff, attached and supporting
artillery;
- battalion fire weapons,
allocated for direct shooting
aiming, grenade launcher and
anti-tank units;
-attached flamethrower units. 2. QUESTION
SME offensive
defending enemy
from
provisions
direct
contact with him. Attacking the defender
enemy starts on signal
brigade commander conducting
fire preparation for the offensive.
Making passages in their
minefields are made before
offensive When favorable
conditions of the situation their mines
fields are removed completely. Passages in engineering barriers
the enemy in front of his front line
are usually done during fire
preparation. In the case when everything
attacking tanks and infantry fighting vehicles
equipped with mine trawls, passages in
enemy minefields are being made
at the rate of one or two per attacking company for
passing through them equipment that does not have
trawls. In other cases, passages
are usually done at the rate of one per
attacking platoon. Attacking a defending enemy from
position of direct contact with it
the battalion (company) begins in a pre-created combat
order from the starting position, which is engaged
after the necessary regrouping from the position
defense or with a change of defending troops.
The line for going on the attack is usually determined by
the first trench.
The starting position for the attack is taken for
completion of preparations for the offensive and must
ensure the secret placement of units, their
the least vulnerability to attacks from all types of weapons
enemy and stability when repelling his attacks, and
also favorable conditions for going on the offensive.
It is usually assigned: to the first echelon battalion within the first position; for the second battalion
echelon - within the second position.
In the initial position, the units are in
readiness to repel a possible attack
enemy. The grenade launcher unit occupies
firing positions behind the companies of the first
echelon at a distance of up to 300 m from them, and
anti-tank at a distance of up to 100 m.
Anti-tank fire company squad
usually takes positions in a trench
on the direction of concentration of the main
company efforts.
Self-propelled gun positions
artillery batteries are located behind
companies of the first echelon at a distance from
them up to 500 m. Attached artillery
division (battery) is located on
at a distance of 2-4 km from the front edge. The attack begins with the exit at the set time
motorized rifle companies of the first echelon in combat
order to the line of transition to the attack. Private
composition of motorized rifle units during an attack
on foot with tanks approaching the first
trench of motorized rifle companies of the first echelon,
is prepared for the exit from the trenches.
Company commanders give the command “Get ready.”
to attack,” and after the tanks passed the initial
positions - “Attack - FORWARD!”, along which
personnel jump out of trenches (trenches)
and follows the tanks to attack the enemy. Combat
infantry vehicles (armored personnel carriers),
moving from line to line (from cover to
shelter), operate behind their units
at a distance that provides reliable
supporting the attackers with fire from their weapons
divisions When attacking motorized rifle units on foot
in order, personnel overcome mines
enemy fields following the tanks along their ruts and
along the completed passages. Combat
infantry vehicles with trawls,
continue the attack, overcoming mines
fields yourself. War vehicles
infantry without trawls, and
armored personnel carriers, having overcome minefields along
passages, catch up with their units and fire
their weapons support their attack.
The attack is supported by continuous fire
artillery and air strikes. It is carried out
rapidly, at a high tempo and non-stop. TRANSITION OF A MOTORIZED BATTALION TO THE OFFENSIVE FROM A DIRECT POSITION
CONTACT WITH THE ENEMY
(option)
3 m Sat
(changes 1 m s r)
3 t r
3 m Sat
3 m Sat
1 msr with t in
District
collection 1 m Wed
m sp
t b (without s
t r)
2 m wed s t in
1 m Sat with 1 t r
1 m Sat
1 m Sat
2 t r
2 m wed with 2 t r
m inbat r
B M P 2 m sr
№ 1
1 m Wed
1 m Wed
3 m Wed
3 m s r s 1 t r (without t v)
Symbols
Position of divisions in defense
Position of divisions after
regroupings and their
B o ev y tasks
offensive
1 m Sat with 1 and 2 tr
(and from x. district)
t in 1t r
Expected
position etc
And similar positions of tank units
B u r d e r i g e T ransition a v a t a k u t a n k
subdivision
2 - 4 km
5 - 7 km
m wed 3.QUESTION
SME offensive
defending enemy with
move (moving out of
depths) Advance from
depth is usually carried out
at the enemy, hastily
went on the defensive, from
source area
consistent
deployment of units in
pre-battle and battle formations for
attacks immediately. Source area
appointed by the senior manager. The movement of the battalion from the starting area begins
at the appointed time or upon signal from the commander
battalion and is carried out at maximum
speed in accordance with the calculations.
To advance to the front line of defense
enemy battalion (company) is assigned a route
nominations. In order to ensure an organized
advancement of units and their simultaneous
attacks are assigned:
- starting point (boundary);
-deployment lines to battalion, company,
platoon columns;
line of transition to attack, and when attacking on foot
for motorized rifle
units, in addition, and the dismounting line.
When advancing to the line of transition to attack, all
units must strictly adhere to
measures established by the commander to protect against
high-precision enemy weapons, including
measures for light, sound and radio masking. In the event of massive fire attacks from the enemy
blows while advancing to the line of transition to attack
units that retained combat capability quickly
leave the affected area and continue to carry out
the assigned task, in case of application
incendiary weapons, units quickly withdraw from
fire area, extinguish fires in weapons and military
equipment and continue to perform the assigned task. During the fire preparation for the offensive, the battalion commander
observes the results of the fire, places additional
tasks for units, fire weapons to destroy
surviving and newly identified enemy targets,
controls the timeliness of making passages in
engineering barriers, advancement of assigned
interacting tanks and reports to the commander
brigade about the battalion's readiness for attack. The starting point (milestone) is assigned
for a timely start
advances from the original area. His
removal must ensure
pulling out the battalion column from
means of strengthening from occupied
areas, their achievement
set speed and can
be 5-10 km from the external border
source area. - Deployment line to battalion
columns are assigned outside the zone
effective main body fire
enemy artillery at a distance of 1215 km from the front line of its defense.
- Deployment line to company units
columns are designated out of reach
direct fire from guns, tanks and
anti-tank missile installations
enemy complexes at a distance of 4-6
km from the front line of its defense.
Deployment line to platoons
columns are assigned whenever possible
behind the folds of the terrain 2-3 km from
The line of transition to attack is chosen so that
its removal provided tank and
motorized rifle units conducting
actual fire from the main types
weapons and allowed them to continuously
reach maximum speed in front
edge turns the opponent at the specified time.
It can be assigned at a distance of up to 600 m from
the front line of the enemy's defense.
Depending on the situation and character
terrain, the removal of these boundaries may be
to others. The dismounting line is assigned as
as close to the front edge as possible
enemy defenses, usually in places
sheltered from the fire of his machine guns and
short-range anti-tank weapons
battle. Sometimes it may coincide with
the line of transition to attack.
Safe removal for
motorized rifle units,
attacking on foot - 400 m,
attacking in infantry fighting vehicles
(armored personnel carriers), - 300 m; For
tank units - 200 m. In the event of the use of nuclear weapons, the line is indicated
safe removal; when approaching it, troops take
necessary protective measures.
During the advance, the battalion sequentially from line to line
line is deployed into pre-battle order in company
columns; in platoon columns; to the branch line; in combat
attack order
The attack begins with the exit at the set time
motorized rifle companies of the first echelon in battle formation on
line of transition to attack.
At exactly the set time "H" motorized rifle
units rush to the front line of defense
the enemy, destroy his manpower and firepower,
take possession of strongholds and non-stop
continue to attack in depth. The attack is supported continuously by artillery fire and
air strikes. It is carried out rapidly, in high
pace and non-stop.
The battle in the depths of the enemy's defense is characterized by
uneven progress of units and
develops in a complex and rapidly changing environment.
The company commander must carefully observe the progress of the battle,
control the fire of all means and timely support
units that achieved the greatest success skillfully
use their success for maneuver and surprise attack in
flank and to the rear of enemy strongholds by others
divisions.
If the company's advance is stopped, the company commander must
organize fire defeat of the enemy, using all
the forces and means available to him. If successful
attack of neighbors, using a maneuver, strikes
the enemy from the flank and together with company units,
those operating from the front resume the offensive. After destroying the enemy in defense areas
battalions of the first echelon company, using the gaps
and gaps in the enemy's battle order, the results of fire
artillery and other fire weapons, as well as strikes
aviation continues to advance in depth. Sometimes in this
situations can be created and combat reconnaissance
patrols of companies, which are supported by fire from units
first echelon of the battalion, come forward and lead
reconnaissance in its direction. Personnel
motorized rifle units operating on foot
okay, boards infantry fighting vehicles
(armored personnel carriers) or landing on tanks, in
further continue to perform the assigned task. Starting line t in
t in
3 0 0 -6 0 0 m
t in
Pre-battle order of a reinforced motorized rifle battalion by company
t in
t in
t in
1 5 0 -3 0 0 m
Pre-battle order of a reinforced motorized rifle battalion by platoons
columns. Position of motorized rifle companies - in line (option) ORDER OF BATTLE AND COMBAT TASKS OF A TANK BATTALION ON THE OFFENSIVE WITH DEVELOPMENT FROM
DEPTHS
(option)
2 t b
2 t b
2 t b
t p
6 t r
1 m Sat
2 t b
1 t r
sadn
t p
1 t b
1 t b
1 t r
3 t r
1 t b
1 t r s m sv
№ 1
3 t r
№ 2
3 t r
2 t r
1 t b s m sr
3 t r s m sv
2 t r
2 t r s m sv
Transition run
in at aku
R u b e s h a p e s i v a n i
2 m Sat
4 t r
Further task
Alona baht
B
B l i z h a s d a c h a
Alona baht
t b
2 - 3 km
up to 600 m or more
vob
And cx. paragraph
Self-study building
Combat regulations for training and conductcombined arms combat part II. M., Military Publishing House.
2004 pp. 176-228, for additional
studies pp. 229-301
Flying questions
1.2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Conditions for going on the offensive;
The place of SMEs and TB in the offensive;
Offensive, types;
Tactical tasks of a battalion (company) in
offensive;
The nearest (subsequent) tasks of SMEs (MSR) in
offensive;
Main indicators of the attack of SMEs (MSR);
Features of the offensive, SME with advancement
from the depths;
Features of the offensive, SME from the position
direct contact with
enemy.
Tactics of the Ground Forces
The battalion advances on a front of up to 2 km, and in the breakthrough area on a front of up to 1 km. The battalion can successfully attack a defending enemy infantry company. As a rule, a battalion builds its battle formation in two echelons or in one echelon with the allocation of a combined arms reserve. Typically, two companies operate in the first echelon and one company in the second. A battalion can operate in the first or second echelon of a regiment. A battalion operating in the first echelon of a regiment is assigned an immediate mission (usually to the depth of an enemy infantry company strongpoint), a further mission (usually to the depth of the enemy's first defensive position, and a direction of further attack, which usually coincides with the regiment's immediate mission. A battalion operating in the second echelon The regiment is assigned a line of entry into battle, the immediate task (usually at the depth of the enemy's brigade defense reserves) and the direction of further attack, which usually coincides with the further task of the regiment.
The battalion can advance from a position of direct contact with the enemy. In this case, if the battalion operates in the first echelon of the regiment, then it occupies the initial position at the first position of the regiment, and if the battalion operates in the second echelon of the regiment, then it occupies the initial position at the second position of the regiment.
The battalion can advance on the move (with advancement from the initial area). When advancing on the move, the battalion advancing in the first echelon of the regiment follows on an infantry fighting vehicle in one column to the line of deployment into company columns (4-6 km from the enemy’s front edge), in company columns to the line of deployment into platoon columns (2-3 km from the front the edge of the enemy's defense); at the line of attack (600m from the enemy’s front edge), platoon columns are deployed into battle formation. If necessary, a dismounting line is designated, where the personnel leave the infantry fighting vehicle and then move on foot. If the enemy does not offer fierce resistance, then the offensive continues from the line of transition to the attack of the platoon into the line of vehicles.
When advancing on the move, the battalion advancing in the second echelon of the regiment follows in a battalion column to the line of entry into battle, where it deploys into battle formation.
The battle formation of the advancing battalion is deliberately shown in an extremely simplified manner. It does not show the means and forces of reinforcement, support, assigned forces and means, tanks, artillery, communications equipment and many other mandatory elements of the battalion’s combat order.
Notes: 1. The second echelon is intended to develop the success achieved and increase the tempo of the offensive. He is assigned a line of entry into battle, the immediate and further tasks.
2. The combined arms reserve differs from the second echelon in that it is not assigned a line of entry into battle, as well as immediate and further tasks. It is designed to solve sudden problems (repelling counterattacks of the enemy entering the rear; changing units that have suffered heavy losses, destroying a newly identified enemy, holding captured lines, destroying residual enemy groups in the rear of advancing units.
Literature: Combat regulations of the Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of the USSR (battalion-company)
The offensive is carried out with the aim of defeating (destructing) the enemy and capturing important areas (lines, objects) of the terrain. It consists of defeating the enemy by all available means, a decisive attack, the rapid advancement of troops into the depths of his battle formation, the destruction and capture of manpower, the seizure of weapons, equipment and designated areas (frontiers) of the terrain. the opposing enemy and the capture of important areas (lines, objects) are achieved by the skillful use of all means of destruction, the rapid use of the results of air strikes and artillery fire, the timely build-up of efforts in depth, the widespread use of envelopments, detours and attacks on the flank and rear of the enemy.
An attack can be carried out against a defending, advancing or retreating enemy.
The attack on the defending enemy is carried out from a position of direct contact with him or on the move. It usually begins with a breakthrough of the defense, which consists of breaking it with strikes of all types of weapons and a decisive attack by tank and motorized rifle units in a narrow area, creating a gap in the defense and its subsequent expansion towards the flanks and in depth. A battalion breaks through enemy defenses, usually as part of a regiment.
Motorized rifle and tank battalions can advance in the first echelon of a regiment, constitute its second echelon or combined arms reserve, and act as an advance guard, forward detachment, and amphibious assault force. A motorized rifle battalion can also act as a tactical airborne assault force and form the basis of an assault detachment.
The success of an offensive largely depends on its preparation. Offensive preparation is a series of activities carried out by the battalion commander and headquarters in preparation for the upcoming battle. In a battalion, preparation for an offensive begins with receiving a mission. The main activities in preparation for an offensive are organizing the battle, preparing units to carry out a combat mission, preparing the starting area for an offensive, and monitoring the readiness of units to carry out combat missions. When advancing on the move from the initial area, the battalion commander makes a decision and communicates the tasks to the units, usually on a map or on a terrain model. Subsequently, he conducts reconnaissance, gives combat orders and organizes interaction directly on the ground.
Understanding the received task, the battalion commander strives to understand what the regiment commander's intention is to carry out the combat mission, especially the sequence of defeating the enemy, objects hit by the means of senior commanders in the battalion's direction of action, the combat mission, place in the battle order and the role of the battalion in battle, tasks neighbors and the order of interaction with them, as well as the time of readiness to complete the task. Based on the understood task, the battalion commander draws conclusions in which he determines in which direction the battalion’s main efforts are concentrated; how to build battle formations and how much time, including daylight, is available to organize the battle.
Based on the received task, conclusions from the assessment of the situation and the calculations performed, the battalion commander makes a decision. It is based on the battle plan, in which the battalion commander determines: the direction of concentration of the main efforts, which enemy, how and in what sequence to defeat; the procedure for engaging the enemy with fire from tanks, armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles, and other standard and assigned assets; building a battle formation.
A motorized rifle battalion usually advances on a front of up to 2 km, and in the area where a regiment breaks through - on a front of up to 1 km. A motorized rifle company usually advances on a front of up to 1 km, and in the breakthrough area - on a front of up to 500 m. A motorized rifle platoon advances at a front up to 300m.
b) Combat missions of the SME in the offensive in the second echelon of the regiment.
One of the important issues in organizing combat is the skillful determination of combat missions to units and subunits. A combat mission regulates the actions of units and subunits and is the basis for combat planning, organization of interaction by commanders and staffs, control and comprehensive support of combat operations. Its timely and accurate execution is the main indicator of the success of the offensive.
The content of combat missions of troops in an offensive reflects the achieved level of their technical equipment, combat training, and moral and combat qualities of personnel. Correctly determining combat missions for units means accurately taking into account all factors of the situation, and above all the combat capabilities of one’s troops and the enemy, the balance of forces, the influence of terrain and other conditions.
Under all circumstances, the combat missions of the troops must be realistically feasible. Neither underestimation nor overestimation should be allowed. The practice of setting impossible tasks produces nothing except losses, exhaustion of strength and undermining the military spirit.
The motorized rifle battalion advancing in the second echelon of the regiment is given the immediate task and the direction to continue the offensive. The immediate task of a second echelon battalion when entering battle may be to complete, together with the first echelon battalions, the enemy's brigade (regimental) reserves and capture their line. The direction of continued offensive of the second echelon battalion is determined in such a way as to ensure the fulfillment of the regiment's further mission. The direction of concentration of the main efforts is indicated by the senior commander or determined by the battalion commander. It may change during the offensive. In the direction where the main efforts are concentrated, superiority in forces and means over the enemy is constantly maintained.
An attack on the defending enemy on the move is usually carried out from the initial area, the removal of which is determined by the senior commander. The deployment of the battalion into battle formation is carried out during the advance to the line of transition to the attack.
To organize the advance, deployment and transition to an attack of a battalion, advance routes, a starting line (point), lines (points) of deployment into battalion columns, a line of transition to an attack and a line of safe removal are assigned, and in the case of an attack on foot for motorized rifle units, in addition , and the dismount line. For motorized rifle units in vehicles, landing spots on tanks can be assigned.
The deployment line for platoon columns is designated behind the folds of the terrain at 2-3 km. from the front line of the enemy's defense.
The line of transition to the attack is chosen so that the advance of tank and motorized rifle units to it is carried out covertly, and its removal ensures the actual fire from the main types of weapons and allows the units to non-stop, at maximum speed, reach the front line of the enemy’s defense. It can be assigned at a distance of up to 600 m from the front edge of the enemy’s defense, and sometimes more.
The reconnaissance platoon, if it has not been advanced in advance to reconnoitre the enemy on the front line, moves ahead of the battalion column and conducts reconnaissance of the advance route. As its troops reach the front line, the platoon reconnoiters the enemy in readiness to conduct reconnaissance during the offensive.
During the period of movement, minefields laid by the enemy's remote mining means are overcome along passages made by the senior commander's movement support detachments or the battalion barrage group and non-staff company mine clearing groups.
The dismount line is designated as close as possible to the front line of the enemy's defense, usually in places sheltered from the fire of his machine guns and close combat anti-tank weapons. Sometimes it can coincide with the line of transition to the attack.
Their battle order is built in close connection with the combat missions assigned to the troops. It must correspond to the purpose of the battle and the conditions of the situation. The battle formation is built in such a way as to ensure the successful defeat of the enemy, the decisive concentration of efforts in selected directions, a close and continuous combination of fire, movement and maneuver during the offensive, the possibility of timely build-up of efforts from the depths, as well as reliable command and control of troops.
The formation of battle formations of formations, units and subunits in offensive combat has undergone a complex evolution in the course of many wars. The main factor in this development was changes in the material basis of combat. Thus, with the advent of more advanced weapons and an increase in the power of fire, the linear battle formation, which had dominated the battlefields for a long time, in the wars of the late 18th - early 19th centuries. gave way to columns and loose formation, and with the advent of tanks during the First and especially Second World Wars, instead of infantry battle formations, infantry-tank formations began to be used.
Subsequently, the development of the combat formation of troops was associated with the emergence and improvement of aviation, anti-tank and air defense systems, combat, technical and logistics support. The massive introduction into combined arms formations of parts of more effective military equipment led to an increase in their offensive capabilities and, accordingly, to the creation of new elements of the combat order and qualitative changes in their composition.
Changes in the nature of the enemy's defense had a great influence on the forms and methods of constructing the combat formation of troops on the offensive.
In modern conditions, due to the entry into the ground forces of new means of combat - nuclear weapons, as well as various missile systems, infantry fighting vehicles, anti-tank guided missiles, fire support helicopters, as well as as a result of a significant increase in the number of tanks, increasing the effectiveness of other fire weapons, Their accuracy, range and speed increased the requirements for the combat formation of troops.
The place of a motorized rifle battalion in an offensive is its position in the regiment's battle order. The order of battle must ensure successful combat both with and without the use of nuclear weapons; decisive defeat of the enemy to the entire depth of the combat mission and repulsion of his air strikes; rapid and full use of the results of nuclear and fire destruction; the least vulnerability of units from nuclear and fire strikes from enemy high-precision weapons, as well as stable continuous interaction and command and control of troops in the most difficult situations.
The second echelon is intended to increase efforts and develop the success of the first echelon, replace units of the first echelon that have suffered losses, repel enemy counterattacks, and conduct an offensive in a new direction.
With a single-echelon formation of battle formation, a combined arms reserve is created, which is intended to solve problems that suddenly arise during the offensive.
Motorized rifle units are used in the offensive as part of the first or second echelon, as well as in the combined arms reserve. They can act as vanguard, forward, flanking, tactical airborne and amphibious assault forces. Motorized rifle units carry out their task of destroying the enemy in close cooperation with tanks, artillery and units of other branches of the military. Skillfully combining fire and movement, they quickly attack the enemy, destroying his manpower, elements of reconnaissance and strike complexes, tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, artillery, anti-tank and other fire weapons, nuclear and chemical attack weapons, airplanes, helicopters, cruise missiles and others air targets, means of remote mining of terrain, capture enemy positions and quickly develop an offensive.
In modern conditions of equipping with effective weapons and military equipment, a motorized rifle battalion has high striking and firepower and maneuverability, armor protection and resistance to weapons of mass destruction. In addition, the battalion may be assigned a significant number of reinforcement assets - an artillery division or battery, anti-tank weapons, an anti-aircraft battery (platoon), as well as units of engineering and chemical troops. A motorized rifle battalion may also be assigned tank units, and a tank platoon may also be assigned motorized rifle units.
In this regard, the number of elements of the combat formation of a motorized rifle battalion increases, and its formation becomes more diverse than before. The battalion's combat formation now consists of companies of the first echelon with their reinforcements, a company of the second echelon or reserve, air defense and fire assets, which remain directly subordinate to the battalion commander, as well as the battalion rear.
Thus, in modern operations, as before, motorized rifle and tank troops play a decisive role. Without their participation, the most magnificent actions of the aviation, navy, missile forces, etc. will not have a logical continuation and successful completion. Only motorized infantry and tanks, in close cooperation with other branches of the military, are capable of ensuring the final defeat of the enemy and achieving the goals of the war (if these goals are decisive).
The introduction of the achievements of modern technology into tank building will allow tanks in the foreseeable future to maintain their role as one of the leading combat weapons in the armament system of the ground forces.
Literature.
1. Combat regulations of the Ground Forces, part 2. M. Voenizdat, 1990.
2. Motorized rifle (tank) battalion in battle. Textbook, edited by D. A. Dragunsky. M. Voenizdat, 1986
3. Tactics (officer's library). Textbook edited by V. G. Reznichenko M. Voenizdat, 1984.
4. Training of reserve officers of the Ground Forces. Textbook edited by Yu. A. Naumenko. M. Voenizdat, 1989
The role of motorized rifle and tank troops as the basis of ground forces in operations, their tasks in defense and offensive. Methods of going on the offensive to defeat the enemy. Views of the German command on the use of SDM against the advancing enemy.
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State Committee of the Russian Federation for Higher Education.
Russian State Aviation Technological Institute
University named after K.E. Tsiolkovsky - (MATI)
Military department
Homework on general tactics.
Topic: SMEs (armored personnel carriers) in an attack on a prepared
enemy defense (Germany) on the move in the second
shelf echelon in application conditions
opponent of SDM.
Completed by: student Shapiro R.A.
Training platoon: 311
Group: F - 4.05
Teacher: graduate school Mikhailov A.N.
Moscow 1998
Content
- Introduction
- Conclusion
- Literature
Introduction
Motorized rifle and tank troops, forming the basis of the Ground Forces, perform the following tasks: in defense - to hold occupied areas, lines and positions, repulse the attacks of the aggressor and defeat his advancing troops; in the offensive - to break through the enemy’s defenses, defeat groupings of his defending troops, capture important areas, lines and objects, pursue the retreating enemy, conduct oncoming battles and battles.
Motorized rifle troops, possessing high combat independence and versatility, are capable of performing these tasks in various terrain conditions and in any weather, in main and secondary directions, in the first or second echelon, as part of reserves, sea and airborne assault forces. The basis of motorized rifle troops are motorized rifle subunits and units.
Motorized rifle And tank battalions are main
combined arms divisions, A motorized rifle And tank companies - tactical divisions.
Motorized rifle And tank divisions can be used in all types of combined arms combat and solve complex and varied tasks, operating as part of a regiment (battalion), and sometimes independently. Possessing powerful fire, high maneuverability, armor protection and resistance to enemy weapons of mass destruction, they are capable of marching over long distances, quickly using the results of nuclear strikes, successfully conducting an offensive and holding occupied areas on the defensive in various terrains and in any weather, and also destroy airborne assault forces, airplanes, helicopters and other low-flying enemy targets. Working closely with each other, with artillery, units of other branches of the military and special troops, they will fulfill the main task of directly destroying the opposing enemy in close combat.
1. Views of the German command on the use of MPB in prepared defense
a) Organization and armament of the MPB
The German ground forces have three army corps and four types of divisions: motorized infantry (four), tank (six), mountain infantry and airborne. Motorized infantry and tank divisions consist of divisional units, motorized infantry and tank brigades.
The basis of motorized infantry and tank brigades are motorized infantry battalions of tank brigades, motorized infantry battalions on the Marder infantry fighting vehicle of motorized infantry brigades and mixed motorized infantry battalions of motorized infantry brigades, tank battalions of motorized infantry and tank brigades and mixed tank battalions of tank brigades.
Mixed motorized infantry battalion Motorized infantry brigade battalions (Fig. 1) organizationally consist of a headquarters, a tank and supply company, two motorized infantry companies on the Marder infantry fighting vehicle and a tank company.
Composition of the Bundeswehr motorized infantry battalion
Figure A
Name |
Name |
|||
Lich. compound |
By bullet |
|||
BMP "Marder" |
Automatic |
|||
Tank “Leopard 1-2” |
40 mmRPG |
|||
By bulletMG |
||||
PU ATGM “Milan” |
AVTScrewMG |
|||
Pist"Walter"9mm |
Company headquarters And supplies includes platoons: reconnaissance, repair, supply, as well as three sections: wheeled and tracked vehicles, communications, medical. The company has 184 people, and is armed with 2 Marder infantry fighting vehicles, 5 M113 armored personnel carriers (three of them are ambulances), 25 44-mm RPGs, 10 machine guns, 50 vehicles and other military equipment.
Motorized infantry company on the Marder BMP, in addition to the control department, it includes three motorized infantry platoons and a motorized infantry squad. The company has over 100 personnel, the Marder BMP - 11, the Milan ATGM launcher - 6, 44 mm grenade launchers - 8, 40 mm anti-tank grenade launchers - 7, and other military equipment.
Motorized infantry platoon on the Marder BMP consists of a control group and two motorized infantry squads. The number of platoons is 27 people. Each squad has 10 personnel: squad commander, assistant squad commander, driver-mechanic of the Marder BMP, BMP gunner-operator, machine gunner , ATGM "Milan" operator, grenade launcher, assistant grenade launcher, two riflemen. Armament and combat equipment of the squad: BMP "Marder" - 1, 44-mm RPG "Panzerfaust" - 1, 7.62-mm single machine gun MG - 1, 7.62-mm MG-3 automatic rifles - 5, 9-mm Walter pistols - 5.
IN tank company There are three tank platoons (each with four Leopard-1 or Leopard-2 tanks). The company has about 60 personnel and 13 tanks, 1 44-mm RPG, 2 vehicles.
b) The order of operation of the MPB in defense
Defense is one of the main types of combat operations by troops, in which all forces, means and methods are used to firmly hold the occupied area, disrupt the enemy’s offensive, inflict maximum losses on him and create the conditions for launching a decisive offensive.
The main efforts in defense are concentrated where the enemy's main attack is expected. It must be stable, deeply echeloned, all-round, anti-tank, capable of withstanding massive strikes from nuclear weapons and other means of mass destruction, as well as air and artillery strikes. The defense must be active and allow for wide maneuver of forces and means.
In the ground forces, defense is divided into positional And mobile.
Positional Defense is based on the strong retention of a certain area of the terrain and defensive positions prepared in engineering terms. In this type of defense, the main emphasis is on the use of favorable terrain conditions and firepower, on the careful engineering of defensive positions and their strong retention. Thus, positional defense relies on the power of fire, terrain conditions and engineering equipment.
Motorized infantry battalions in defense operate, as a rule, as part of a brigade, being in its first or second echelon. In addition, they can act in combat guards or conduct deterrent operations in the support zone.
The motorized infantry battalion, being in the first echelon of the brigade, receives a defense area of up to 4 km. along the front and 5 to km in depth, companies - up to 1.5 km and 1.5 km, respectively, platoons - 500 m and 300 m, squads - up to 100 m. A motorized infantry battalion can be reinforced by a tank company. A mixed motorized infantry battalion operating in the first echelon does not need to be reinforced with tanks.
A motorized infantry battalion, reinforced with tanks, artillery, engineering and other units, operating in the first echelon of the brigade, in cooperation with other battalions of the brigade and supporting means, must defeat the enemy in front of the front line, prevent a breakthrough of the battalion’s defense areas and, in the event of an enemy penetration, destroy it with fire and disrupt his advance.
If this fails or there is a threat of a breakthrough, then the battalion commander gives the order to withdraw and part of the forces or the entire force conducts combat operations in the depths of the defense area.
The battle formation of a battalion is usually formed in two echelons: two companies in the first echelon, one in the second. Tanks assigned to a motorized infantry battalion, and regular ones in a mixed battalion, are used mainly for counterattacks in the intervals between company defense areas.
The degree of equipment of the battalion's defense area depends on the availability of time to organize defense and engineering means.
First of all, company strongholds, command posts and shelters for personnel are equipped, then reserve and false positions are created and communication passages are opened.
All defensive structures are separately camouflaged. They must provide effective protection against enemy nuclear weapons.
Barriers, including mine-explosive ones, are installed in front of the front line and in the gaps between company defense areas.
In addition, the front edge and the gaps between the company defense areas are covered by anti-tank weapons, including ATGMs.
When choosing a defense area, the main attention is paid to the possibility of creating a unified fire system for both heavy weapons with long ranges, especially anti-tank fire, tank fire, infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, and motorized infantry fire.
c) Views of the German command on the use of SDM against the advancing enemy
Engineering weapons are used by units of engineering troops and units of other branches of the military when solving problems related to supporting combat operations of ground forces. The most important tasks of engineering support are considered to be: ensuring the maximum possible mobility of its units and subunits, regardless of combat, climatic and weather conditions; limiting the enemy's mobile forces, seeking to act suddenly, quickly and secretly, concentrating forces to deliver powerful attacks; organizing the protection of troops from conventional and nuclear weapons by equipping shelters for personnel, weapons and equipment, ensuring secrecy of actions.
In recent years, the German Army has carried out a set of measures aimed at improving conventional weapons. Among them, an important place was given to engineering weapons. As a result of the work already completed, a number of new means were created, the practical application of which, in the opinion of the Bundeswehr command, will help the German Army to more successfully solve the problems of engineering support for combat operations of troops.
Mine-explosive weapons were improved primarily in order to sharply increase the efficiency of engineering ammunition, significantly reduce the time required to install minefields in any type of combat, reducing the forces and resources consumed for this. Remote mining systems have entered service and are beginning to be adopted by the troops, with the help of which it is possible to lay mines directly during the battle and at considerable distances from the front line - on enemy territory.
By the mid-80s, the Bundeswehr had the following mining systems in service:
a) MiWS mining system
Year of adoption 1980
Mine application:
anti-tank type
model AT-2
Means of transportation transport, helicopter
Number of mines in one refill:
helicopter version 600
ground version 200
Capacity of one cassette 100 min
Mining area (one filling) 1200x50 m
The system was developed for use by Bundeswehr engineering units and is designed for high-speed installation of AT-2 anti-tank anti-bottom mines. The mines are contained in short tubular guides of 5 pieces, the guides are assembled into a package forming a standard cassette with 100 mines. At the rear of each guide there is a squib, through which mines are fired at a distance of up to 50m.
b) Missile mining system “Lars”
Year of adoption of LARAT-1/LARAT-2 projectiles 1976/80.
Mine application:
anti-tank type
model (LARAT-1/LARAT-2) AT-1/AT-2
Number of mines in a projectile (LARAT-1/LARAT-2) 8/5
The “Lars” MLRS system used
110mm NURS delivery vehicle
Projectile weight 35kg
Maximum firing range 14. km
Dimensions of the barrier installed in one salvo: 400x300 m
The system is based on NURS with cluster warheads equipped with anti-tank mines - anti-track AT-1 and anti-bottom AT-2. The projectile is equipped with a remote fuse to deploy the cluster warhead at a given point in the trajectory. The mines released from the cluster warhead are lowered to the ground, stabilized and cocked. After a specified period, the installed barrier self-destructs. For AT-1 mines this period is 48 hours, and for AT-2 mines - from several hours to several days.
2. The order of attack of the SMEs in the second echelon of the regiment
a) The purpose of the offensive, methods of going on the offensive
Offensive carried out with the aim of defeating (destructing) the enemy and capturing important areas (lines, objects) of the terrain. It consists of defeating the enemy by all available means, a decisive attack, the rapid advancement of troops into the depths of his battle formation, the destruction and capture of manpower, the seizure of weapons, equipment and designated areas (frontiers) of the terrain.
The defeat of the opposing enemy and the capture of important areas (lines, objects) are achieved by the skillful use of all means of destruction, the rapid use of the results of air strikes and artillery fire, the timely build-up of efforts in depth, the widespread use of envelopments, detours and attacks on the flank and rear of the enemy.
An attack can be carried out against a defending, advancing or retreating enemy.
The attack on the defending enemy is carried out from
provisions direct contact With him or With on the go. It usually begins with a breakthrough of the defense, which consists of breaking it with strikes of all types of weapons and a decisive attack by tank and motorized rifle units in a narrow area, creating a gap in the defense and its subsequent expansion towards the flanks and in depth. A battalion breaks through enemy defenses, usually as part of a regiment.
Motorized rifle and tank battalions can advance in first echelon shelf, make up his second echelon or combined arms reserve, act V quality avant-garde, advanced squad And sea landing. A motorized rifle battalion can also act as a tactical airborne assault force and form the basis of an assault detachment.
The success of an offensive largely depends on its preparation. Preparationoffensive- this is a series of events carried out by the battalion commander and headquarters in preparation for the upcoming battle. In a battalion, preparation for an offensive begins with receiving a mission. The main activities in preparation for an offensive are organizing the battle, preparing units to carry out a combat mission, preparing the starting area for an offensive, and monitoring the readiness of units to carry out combat missions. When advancing on the move from the initial area, the battalion commander makes a decision and communicates the tasks to the units, usually on a map or on a terrain model. Subsequently, he conducts reconnaissance, gives combat orders and organizes interaction directly on the ground.
Understanding the received task, the battalion commander strives to understand what the regiment commander's intention is to carry out the combat mission, especially the sequence of defeating the enemy, objects hit by the means of senior commanders in the battalion's direction of action, the combat mission, place in the battle order and the role of the battalion in battle, tasks neighbors and the order of interaction with them, as well as the time of readiness to complete the task. Based on the understood task, the battalion commander draws conclusions in which he determines in which direction the battalion’s main efforts are concentrated; how to build a battle formation and how much time, including daylight, is available to organize the battle.
Based on the received task, conclusions from the assessment of the situation and the calculations performed, the battalion commander makes a decision. It is based on the battle plan, in which the battalion commander determines: the direction of concentration of the main efforts, which enemy, how and in what sequence to defeat; the procedure for engaging the enemy with fire from tanks, armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles, and other standard and assigned assets; building a battle formation.
A motorized rifle battalion usually advances on a front of up to 2 km, and in the area where a regiment breaks through - on a front of up to 1 km. A motorized rifle company usually advances on a front of up to 1 km, and in the breakthrough area - on a front of up to 500 m. A motorized rifle platoon advances at a front up to 300m.
b) Combat missions of the SME in the offensive in the second echelon of the regiment
One of the important issues in organizing combat is the skillful determination of combat missions to units and subunits. A combat mission regulates the actions of units and subunits and is the basis for combat planning, organization of interaction by commanders and staffs, control and comprehensive support of combat operations. Its timely and accurate execution is the main indicator of the success of the offensive.
The content of combat missions of troops in an offensive reflects the achieved level of their technical equipment, combat training, and moral and combat qualities of personnel. Correctly determining combat missions for units means accurately taking into account all factors of the situation, and above all the combat capabilities of one’s troops and the enemy, the balance of forces, the influence of terrain and other conditions.
Ateveryonecircumstancescombattaskstroopsshouldbereallyfeasible. Neither underestimation nor overestimation should be allowed. The practice of setting impossible tasks produces nothing except losses, exhaustion of strength and undermining the military spirit.
ContentscombattaskstroopsVoffensiveisdefeatfactionsenemyAndmasterycertainabroad (district) terrainTodesignateddeadline.
The motorized rifle battalion advancing in the second echelon of the regiment is given the immediate task and the direction to continue the offensive. Nearest task battalion second echelon when introducing it into battle, it may consist in completing, together with the battalions of the first echelon of the enemy’s brigade (regimental) reserves, and capturing their line. Direction continuation offensive battalion of the second echelon is determined in such a way as to ensure the fulfillment of the further mission of the regiment. The direction of concentration of the main efforts is indicated by the senior commander or determined by the battalion commander. It may change during the offensive. In the direction where the main efforts are concentrated, superiority in forces and means over the enemy is constantly maintained.
Offensive on defender enemy With on the go usually carried out from the original area, the removal of which is determined by the senior commander. The deployment of the battalion into battle formation is carried out during the advance to the line of transition to the attack.
To organize advancement, deployment and transition to attack
The battalion is assigned advance routes, a starting line (point), lines (points) of deployment into battalion columns, a line for going on an attack and a line for safe removal, and when attacking on foot for motorized rifle units, in addition, a line for dismounting. For motorized rifle units in vehicles, landing spots on tanks can be assigned.
The deployment line for platoon columns is designated behind the folds of the terrain at 2-3 km. from the front line of the enemy's defense.
The line of transition to the attack is chosen so that the advance of tank and motorized rifle units to it is carried out covertly, and its removal ensures the actual fire from the main types of weapons and allows the units to non-stop, at maximum speed, reach the front line of the enemy’s defense. It can be assigned at a distance of up to 600 m from the front edge of the enemy’s defense, and sometimes more.
The reconnaissance platoon, if it has not been advanced in advance to reconnoitre the enemy on the front line, moves ahead of the battalion column and conducts reconnaissance of the advance route. As its troops reach the front line, the platoon reconnoiters the enemy in readiness to conduct reconnaissance during the offensive.
During the period of movement, minefields laid by the enemy's remote mining means are overcome along passages made by the senior commander's movement support detachments or the battalion barrage group and non-staff company mine clearing groups. The dismount line is designated as close as possible to the front line of the enemy's defense, usually in places sheltered from the fire of his machine guns and close combat anti-tank weapons. Sometimes it can coincide with the line of transition to the attack.
offensive enemy motorized rifle tank
c) The order of battle of the SME in the offensive in the second echelon of the regiment
Their battle order is built in close connection with the combat missions assigned to the troops. It must correspond to the purpose of the battle and the conditions of the situation. The battle formation is built in such a way as to ensure the successful defeat of the enemy, the decisive concentration of efforts in selected directions, a close and continuous combination of fire, movement and maneuver during the offensive, the possibility of timely build-up of efforts from the depths, as well as reliable command and control of troops.
The formation of battle formations of formations, units and subunits in offensive combat has undergone a complex evolution in the course of many wars. The main factor in this development was changes in the material basis of combat. Thus, with the advent of more advanced weapons and an increase in the power of fire, the linear battle formation, which had dominated the battlefields for a long time, in the wars of the late 18th - early 19th centuries. gave way to columns and loose formation, and with the advent of tanks during the First and especially Second World Wars, instead of infantry battle formations, infantry-tank formations began to be used.
Subsequently, the development of the combat formation of troops was associated with the emergence and improvement of aviation, anti-tank and air defense systems, combat, technical and logistics support. The massive introduction into combined arms formations of parts of more effective military equipment led to an increase in their offensive capabilities and, accordingly, to the creation of new elements of the combat order and qualitative changes in their composition.
Changes in the nature of the enemy's defense had a great influence on the forms and methods of constructing the combat formation of troops on the offensive.
In modern conditions, due to the entry into the ground forces of new means of combat - nuclear weapons, as well as various missile systems, infantry fighting vehicles, anti-tank guided missiles, fire support helicopters, as well as as a result of a significant increase in the number of tanks, increasing the effectiveness of other fire weapons, Their accuracy, range and speed increased the requirements for the combat formation of troops.
The place of a motorized rifle battalion in an offensive is its position in the regiment's battle order.
The order of battle must ensure successful combat both with and without the use of nuclear weapons; decisive defeat of the enemy to the entire depth of the combat mission and repulsion of his air strikes; rapid and full use of the results of nuclear and fire destruction; the least vulnerability of units from nuclear and fire strikes from enemy high-precision weapons, as well as stable continuous interaction and command and control of troops in the most difficult situations.
The second echelon is intended to increase efforts and develop the success of the first echelon, replace units of the first echelon that have suffered losses, repel enemy counterattacks, and conduct an offensive in a new direction.
When forming a battle formation in a single echelon, a combined armsreserve, which is intended to solve problems that suddenly arise during the offensive.
Motorized rifle units are used in the offensive as part of the first or second echelon, as well as in the combined arms reserve. They can act as vanguard, forward, flanking, tactical airborne and amphibious assault forces. Motorized rifle units carry out their task of destroying the enemy in close cooperation with tanks, artillery and units of other branches of the military. Skillfully combining fire and movement, they quickly attack the enemy, destroying his manpower, elements of reconnaissance and strike complexes, tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, artillery, anti-tank and other fire weapons, nuclear and chemical attack weapons, airplanes, helicopters, cruise missiles and others air targets, means of remote mining of terrain, capture enemy positions and quickly develop an offensive.
In modern conditions of equipping with effective weapons and military equipment, a motorized rifle battalion has high striking and firepower and maneuverability, armor protection and resistance to weapons of mass destruction. In addition, the battalion may be assigned a significant number of reinforcement assets - an artillery division or battery, anti-tank weapons, an anti-aircraft battery (platoon), as well as units of engineering and chemical troops. A motorized rifle battalion may also be assigned tank units, and a tank platoon may also be assigned motorized rifle units.
In this regard, the number of elements of the combat formation of a motorized rifle battalion increases, and its formation becomes more diverse than before.
The battalion's combat formation now consists of companies of the first echelon with their reinforcements, a company of the second echelon or reserve, air defense and fire assets, which remain directly subordinate to the battalion commander, as well as the battalion rear.
But the point is not only in the quantitative increase in the echelons of the battle order, but also in the qualitative change in their composition and combat capabilities. If 50 years ago the basis of the battle formation of a rifle battalion was infantry, attacking the enemy on foot with the support of tanks and artillery fire, today the battle formation of motorized rifle units includes infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers and tanks, which are capable of quickly making a hole in the enemy’s defenses and leading an offensive at a high tempo.
An important role in solving the tasks of a motorized rifle battalion is now played by the units of anti-tank guided missiles and grenade launchers that are part of it, as well as the artillery assigned to the battalion. These weapons are designed to suppress or destroy targets, primarily armored ones, that impede the advance of advancing units.
Thus, the combat strength of a motorized rifle battalion - the main combined arms tactical unit - ensures the successful solution of complex offensive tasks using both nuclear and only conventional weapons.
Conclusion
Thus, in modern operations, as before, motorized rifle and tank troops play a decisive role. Without their participation, the most magnificent actions of the aviation, navy, missile forces, etc. will not have a logical continuation and successful completion. Only motorized infantry and tanks, in close cooperation with other branches of the military, are capable of ensuring the final defeat of the enemy and achieving the goals of the war (if these goals are decisive).
The introduction of the achievements of modern technology into tank building will allow tanks in the foreseeable future to maintain their role as one of the leading combat weapons in the armament system of the ground forces.
Literature
1. Combat regulations of the Ground Forces, part 2.M. Military Publishing House, 1990.
2. Motorized rifle (tank) battalion in battle.
Textbook, edited by D.A. Dragunsky. M. Voenizdat, 1986
3. Tactics (officer's library).
Textbook edited by V.G. Reznichenko M. Voenizdat, 1984.
4. Training of reserve officers of the Ground Forces.
Textbook edited by Yu.A. Naumenko. M. Voenizdat, 1989
5. Units in battle. Nikitin N.S.M. Voenizdat, 1989
6. Weapons and equipment. Directory. M. Voenizdat, 1984.
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Organization of control and communications in a motorized rifle battalion on an armored personnel carrier on the offensive
Communications are the main means of troop control. It is organized in accordance with the decision of the commander, the instructions of the chief of staff, the communications order of the higher headquarters, taking into account the availability and condition of forces and communications equipment, the time for its organization, as well as the possible impact of the enemy.
The chief of staff is responsible for the organization and state of communications. The head of communications directly organizes communications and is responsible for its stable operation.
The commander and chief of staff of the SME, in any situation, are required to have communication means with them that allow them to maintain constant and stable communication with their superior headquarters and their own, the headquarters of subordinates, attached, supporting and interacting units, and be able to personally negotiate via communication means. The separation of the commander and chief of staff from communications is unacceptable.
Communication is established with units directly subordinate to the commander and headquarters and one level below, and in some cases - to combat assets. Responsibility for communication with subordinate units rests with the higher headquarters, but both higher and subordinate headquarters are obliged to take all measures to establish communication, and if it is lost, to immediately restore it.
Communication via radio and mobile means with subordinate units is organized by the forces and means of the higher headquarters and subordinate headquarters; radio relay and wire communications, as a rule, are organized by the forces and means of the higher headquarters.
Communication between interacting units is provided at the direction of the headquarters organizing the interaction, and is established by means of the interacting headquarters.
Responsibility for its establishment and maintenance rests with:
- for communication along the front - to the right neighbor; from the rear to the front - to the headquarters of the SME, located in the second echelon (reserve);
- a motorized rifle battalion with units (units of branches of the Armed Forces and branches of the armed forces - to the headquarters of units of the branches of the Armed Forces and branches of the armed forces);
- motorized rifle battalion with units of special troops - to the headquarters of the motorized rifle battalion.
The connection between the battalions along the front and from the rear to the front is established:
- on the radio by everyone's means;
- via wire lines - by means of the right neighbor and by means of the second echelon battalion.
Communication between a motorized rifle battalion and interacting artillery is established:
- everyone's radios;
- wired - by means of artillery units.
The communication system in SMEs is created by forces and means of communication units, as well as subordinate and interacting units.
It usually includes:
- communication centers KNP;
- direct communication lines between the KNP SME and the KNP subdivision;
- communication technical support system;
- communication management system; reserve forces and communications equipment.
Conditions that determine the organization of SMEs on the offensive
Offensive is the main type of combat. Its main goal is to defeat the enemy in a short time and capture important areas or borders. This is achieved by defeating the enemy using all available means, a decisive attack, the rapid advancement of units and subunits into the depths of his location, dismembering the battle formation and destroying it piece by piece. The offensive is carried out from a position of direct contact with the enemy (Appendix 1) or on the move.
A motorized rifle battalion usually advances on a front of up to 2 km, and in the area where a regiment breaks through – on a front of up to 1 km.
The first echelon battalion is given the immediate task, the further task and the direction to continue the offensive; company, as well as the second echelon battalion - the immediate task and direction for continuing the offensive.
Let's consider what conditions exist for organizing communications in a motorized rifle battalion:
- The combat composition of the sb is a reinforced sb on the BTR-80.
- The type of combat operations is offensive.
- The role and place of the battalion in the regiment's order of battle.
- Formation of the battalion's battle formation.
- Adopted control system.
- The enemy's influence on the state of communications using electronic warfare equipment.
- Availability, condition of forces and communications equipment - the battalion is 90% complete.
- Physico-geographical conditions of combat.
- Availability of time to organize and ensure communication.
Let's consider what determines the organization and provision of communication for each of these conditions:
1. The combat composition of the battalion and its possible strengthening in the battle of the SME consists of:
- battalion command, headquarters;
- three motorized rifle companies (mers);
- mortar battery (minbatr);
- grenade launcher platoon (guards);
- communications platoon (c);
- support platoon
- battalion medical center.
When advancing, a motorized rifle battalion is given:
- artillery battalion;
- tank units;
- anti-tank weapons unit;
- anti-aircraft unit;
- units of engineering and chemical troops.
Based on the staffing level, a battalion can organize up to 16 information directions for offensive control by subordinate units.
Taking into account the reinforcements, up to 20 information directions can be organized in the battalion, and taking into account the information directions organized from the senior headquarters control points, their total number can be up to 25 directions.
2. Role and place in the regiment's order of battle:
Before the start of the offensive, the motorized rifle battalion of the 1st echelon maintains contact with the regiment's command post by wire and signal means. With the beginning of the offensive, wire lines are collapsed, and communication with the regiment's control center is maintained by radio. To quickly replenish failed communications equipment, a communications reserve is created in the SME; this ensures continuity of control during the battle in the depths of the enemy’s defense.
3. Formation of the battalion's battle order:
In a reinforced SME, when attacking from a position of direct contact with the enemy, up to 20 information directions can be created, and taking into account the information directions organized from the control panels of the senior headquarters, their total number reaches 25.
The expenditure of forces and communications equipment is compiled by the battalion chief of staff and the battalion communications chief based on the tasks assigned to the battalion.
4. Adopted control system:
In preparation for an offensive, control is carried out from the battalion command post via wired communications. Radio equipment operates in the “STANDBY RECEPTION” mode. With the beginning of the offensive, wire lines are collapsed, restrictions on the use of radio communications are lifted, and control is transferred to radio means. When a battalion conducts a battle in the depths of enemy defenses, control is carried out using radio equipment from the KShM KB and NShB.
5. Possible enemy impact on communication status:
The enemy influences the control and communication system of the SME with its own forces and electronic warfare equipment. To counteract this impact, the battalion command organizes:
- operating mode of all radio equipment “DP”;
- training personnel of communications units to counter enemy electronic warfare systems;
- SUV system;
- communication reserve in case of failure of fixed assets.
6. The presence and condition of communications forces and means determines:
- the ability of communications units to perform communications tasks;
- possible allocation of actual communication reserve;
- state (quality) of communication.
7. Physico-geographical conditions of combat:
- choice of communication means;
- methods of organizing communication by selected means;
- stable operation of nodes and communication lines;
- organization of training for personnel of communications units.
8. Availability of time determines:
- timeliness and quality of communication planning;
- organizing training for personnel of communications units;
- timely deployment of nodes and communication lines.
In general, the conditions that determine the organization of communications in SMEs during an offensive are strict requirements; if at least one of them is not met, there is a risk of loss of control and communications, and therefore a disruption of the offensive.
Tasks of SME communications in the offensive
The main means of controlling units during combat operations is communications. Therefore, the following main tasks are assigned to communications in the offensive of a motorized rifle battalion:
1) Ensuring stable communication between the battalion commander and headquarters and the regiment commander and headquarters and timely reception of combat control signals.
2) Ensuring sustainable management of subordinate and assigned units in any situation.
In modern conditions, a battalion commander must know where his units are, what they are doing and what they need (fire defeat of the enemy, provision of ammunition, etc.). In addition, he needs to receive timely intelligence information about the enemy and influence the course of the battle by using fire on the enemy, introducing second echelons (reserves) into battle, or clarifying tasks for units.
3) Ensuring the transmission of signals about timely notification and warning of units about the immediate threat of the enemy using weapons of mass destruction, as well as about their own nuclear strikes, warning about an air enemy, about radiation, chemical and bacteriological (biological) contamination.
4) Ensuring the exchange of information between interacting departments.
During the battle, the battalion interacts with units defending in the support zone or in a forward position, neighboring battalions, artillery, airplanes and helicopters, and with other elements of the regiment's battle formation.
Thus, when conducting operations of a joint group of special forces in the Chechen Republic, the need arose for close interaction between units and units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Federal Security Service (FSB), the Federal Agency for Government Communications (FAGSI) and border troops. This required the creation of a communications system, the structural and functional capabilities of which would allow it to flexibly adapt to the rapidly changing conditions of the combat situation.
5) Transmission of orders for special technical and logistical support of combat operations of units.
This is due to the fact that in battle the consumption of materiel is constantly increasing, so timely provision of units with missiles, ammunition, hot food and other materiel is of great importance for achieving the goal in battle.
Communications tasks are universal installations for any type of combat operations. When organizing control and communications in an offensive, the commander will have to make some specific amendments inherent to the offensive.
Communication means for SMEs on armored personnel carriers and their application
Successful fulfillment of assigned combat missions requires ensuring continuous control of units during rapid and sudden changes in the situation, frequent changes in the deployment locations of command and observation posts of the battalion and its units, and prolonged presence of the commander and chief of staff on the move.
To control units in a motorized rifle battalion on an armored personnel carrier, the forces and means of the communications platoon, other units of the battalion, as well as radio stations installed in armored personnel carriers are used.
The communications platoon of a motorized rifle battalion is designed to deploy and maintain the communications center of the battalion command and observation post and provide radio and wire communications in all types of combat.
The communications platoon has the following organization:
- platoon commander - battalion communications chief;
- two control departments:
- battalion commander's control department;
- chief of staff department
- communications department.
The first control department is intended to provide communication between the battalion commander and the regiment commander, commanders of subordinates, attached and interacting units. The department has a BTR-80K command and staff vehicle (CSV).
The second department of control is intended to provide communication between the chief of staff of the battalion and the chief of staff of the regiment and the commanders of subordinates assigned to and interacting with the unit. The department has a combat control vehicle (MCV) BTR-80K.
The third communications department is designed to provide radio and wire communications to the battalion commander and headquarters with the commanders of the supporting units, as well as to deploy and maintain the communications center of the battalion command and observation post and provide internal communications on it.
The communications department has:
- armored personnel carrier BTR-80 – 1 piece;
- portable radio stations R-159 – 5 pcs;
- portable radio stations R-158 – 15 pcs;
- portable radio stations R-162-01 – 36 pcs;
- radio receivers R-162P – 54 pcs;
- field telephone switch P-193-M2 – 1 piece;
- light field telephone cable P-274M – 8 km;
- telephone set TA-57 – 10 pcs;
- field chargers PZU-1 – 15 pcs., PZU-2 – 1 pc.;
- power station AB-0.5-P/30 – 1 pc.
Let's consider the distribution of communications equipment for a battalion communications platoon:
- first squad: KShM BTR-80K - to the battalion commander;
- second department: BTR-80K - to the chief of staff of the battalion;
- third communications department: two BTR-80s. Designed: one for transportation of communications equipment (can be allocated to the communications reserve), the second is allocated to the deputy battalion commander for weapons;
- portable radio stations of a communications platoon, as a rule, are allocated to subordinate units. Each motorized rifle company is allocated: - R-159M - 1 to provide radio communication between the battalion commander and company commanders. A radio station is assigned to each motorized rifle company from the communications platoon;
- R-158 - to provide radio communication between the company commander and the commanders of motorized rifle platoons. These portable radios are used to provide communications when conducting combat operations on foot.
- One radio station R-159M or R-158 is assigned to the support platoon and the medical platoon.
In addition, portable radio stations can be assigned to a battalion designation post, observation (chemical observation) posts, a technical observation point, and are installed in BTR-80K command vehicles.
When a motorized rifle battalion operates without heavy weapons and equipment, part of the communications platoon’s portable radio stations is used to provide communications to the battalion commander and headquarters at the control point.
The mortar battery control platoon includes a communications department, which has:
- portable radio stations R-159M – 4 pcs;
- cable P-274M – 4 km;
- telephone sets TA-57- 4 pcs.
- The grenade launcher platoon has:
- radio stations R-158 – 4 pcs;
- Each BTR-80 (three units) is equipped with radio stations R-173 and R-173P.
- An anti-aircraft missile platoon has:
- portable radio stations R-157- 10 pcs;
- radio stations R-173 and R-173P installed in the BTR-80.
Standard radio stations of the mortar battery, grenade launcher, anti-aircraft missile and anti-tank platoons are used to provide communication to the commanders of these units with firing positions, crews and anti-aircraft gunners.
In motorized rifle companies, the BTR-80 is equipped with R-173 radio stations and R-173P radio receivers
Foot messengers and BTR-80s assigned from units are used as mobile means of communication.
Signal communications (flares, flags, lanterns, etc.) are part of the equipment of unit commanders and the equipment of posts. The order of their use is determined by the commander organizing signal communications.
Organization of management and communication in SMEs
When preparing an offensive, communications are provided by wire, mobile and signal means. The radio communication system is being prepared for operation. The operation of radio stations for transmission is, as a rule, prohibited. This is due to the fact that the enemy, with his own means, can conduct radio reconnaissance of the battalion’s VHF and HF communications. Consequently, to ensure the secrecy of preparations for an offensive, it is necessary to strictly observe the operating modes of radio equipment, to determine and implement measures that make it difficult or completely impossible for enemy radio reconnaissance to obtain information. An exception is the VHF radio network for controlling air defense systems when repelling air raids.
To ensure radio communications, a communications center is deployed at the battalion control post, and wired communications are organized from it. The main way to organize wired communications in SMEs is through direction. Deploys and maintains a communications center - an SME communications platoon.
Wired communication with the commanders of motorized rifle companies, mortar batteries, anti-aircraft guns, main guns, military units and the battalion medical center is organized from the control command post in the directions by the forces and means of the battalion communications platoon.
In order to reduce the consumption of the P-274M cable and reduce the time for winding down the communication system, telephone sets of commanders of nearby units can be connected to one line (a method of parallel connection of subscribers).
Radio communication between the commander of a motorized rifle battalion and subordinate units is provided in the radio network of the battalion commander on radio stations R-169 (R-173).
The armored vehicles' radios are being prepared to provide communications in the upcoming battle and are turned off.
To transmit orders, instructions and deliver documents to battalion units, the work of 1-2 messengers is organized along a circular route or in directions.
Warning units about the immediate threat of the enemy using weapons of mass destruction and an air attack is carried out through all existing communication channels and signaling means.
Upon receipt of a signal to go on the offensive, wired communications are wound down and prepared for re-deployment, and by this time the radio communications system must be ready to provide the battalion commander and headquarters with uninterrupted control of subordinate units.
To control subordinate units during the actions of a motorized rifle battalion on vehicles, a radio network of the battalion commander is created consisting of radio stations R - 173: the battalion commander, company commanders, grenade launcher, anti-tank platoons and all armored personnel carriers of the battalion.
With the start of fire preparation for an attack, the battalion commander gets the opportunity to control subordinates, attached, and supporting units by radio, since from that moment all radio transmissions are allowed to operate.
When fighting in the depths of enemy defenses, control is also organized via radio communications. Wired communications can be organized at certain borders (line of repelling a counterattack, rear defensive line of the enemy, water barrier).
Radio equipment in a motorized rifle battalion is used on the offensive:
- to ensure communication between the commander and staff and the regiment commander and staff;
- to ensure the battalion commander’s control of subordinate and attached units and in subordinate units:
- to exchange information with interacting departments;
- to ensure communication upstream and management of subordinates downstream. The basic principles of organizing radio communications in the battalion are:
- application of a method for organizing communication by radio means over a radio network at fixed frequencies;
- formation of radio networks for a clearly defined purpose and on the basis of direct direct subordination;
- advance planning of radio communications, taking into account its provision in any situation without making significant changes during the battle;
- provision of combined arms and rear units with portable radio stations through the battalion communications platoon;
Communication between the battalion commander and senior headquarters.
Communication with the senior headquarters is organized by the order for communications of the regiment headquarters, the forces and means of the regiment communications company and the battalion communications platoon.
Communication between the battalion commander and the regiment commander is ensured, as a rule, via two radio networks: one in the VHF range on the R-111M radio stations and one in the KB range on the R-130M radio stations from the BTR-80K. The radio networks include the radio stations of the regiment commander (main) and the radio stations of the commanders of motorized rifle and tank battalions (subordinates). To ensure communication “through the chain of command,” the division commander’s radio station can be included in these radio networks. If necessary, the radio station of the regiment chief of staff can be turned on. It is envisaged to include company commanders who will take control in the event of failure of the command posts of their battalions. Type of communication: secret telephone.
The HF radio network is hidden and is created to increase communication stability.
When the battalion commander acts on foot or from cover, communication with the regiment commander will be provided on the R-169 radio station or by remote control of the KShM radio stations
Communication between the chief of staff of the battalion and the chief of staff of the regiment is organized via the VHF radio network on the R-111M radio stations from the KShM BTR-80K of the chief of staff of the regiment and the MBU BTR-80K of the chief of staff of the battalion. The composition of the radio network: the radio station of the chief of staff of the regiment (main) and the radio station of the chiefs of staff of motorized rifle battalions (subordinates). Type of communication - unclassified telephone using documents of covert command and control of troops.
In the case where the SME is an element of the division's combat formation (anti-tank reserve, tactical airborne assault force, detachment, raid detachment), radio communication between the battalion commander and senior headquarters is provided via the division commander's radio networks.
If the commander of an attached artillery unit is located at the MSB command post, then the radio networks of the regiment artillery chief can be used as bypass directions for communication between the battalion commander and the regiment commander.
To increase the efficiency of resolving issues of logistics and technical support in battle, it is planned to ensure communication between the chief of staff and the deputy commander for armaments of the battalion with the regiment's TPU. For this purpose, the radio stations of these officials may be included in the radio networks of the deputy regiment commander for logistics and weapons.
Communication between the battalion commander and headquarters and subordinate and attached units
When advancing from a position of direct contact with the enemy, radio communications in the battalion are organized with elements of the battle formation, subordinates, attached units and other command and control objects.
For this purpose, three radio networks are being created on VHF radio stations: two for the SME commander and one for the logistics and technical support of the battalion.
Radio communication between the battalion commander and the commanders of the motorized rifle companies, the commander of the mortar battery when his command post is located separately from the battalion command post, at radio stations R - 159 with the commander of a grenade launcher platoon, at radio stations R - 158 with an armored group at radio stations R - 173 is organized on the basis of the decision of the battalion commander for battle and instructions from the battalion chief of staff.
Radio communications in the MSR are organized in accordance with the decision of the company commander for battle and the instructions of the battalion chief of staff.
The MSR commander personally organizes radio communications with border, attached and supporting units and is responsible for its work. Measures for organizing radio communications are decided by the company commander in the process of organizing the battle and are communicated to subordinates with separate instructions.
To ensure communication at 1-2 levels down, the radio network of the SME commander may include radio stations of the regiment and division commander.
To control the attached self-propelled artillery battalion, the battalion commander’s radio network includes the R-123 (R-173) radio station from the 1B15 combat control vehicle of the sadd commander.
Wired communication in the SME is organized when it is located on the spot, in the initial area and in defense, and during the offensive at certain lines: when the pace of the offensive decreases, when repelling counterattacks, when crossing water barriers.
To ensure wired communication in SMEs, the following communication means are available:
- in the battalion communications platoon, switch P-193M = 1, cable P-274M = 8 km, telephone sets TA-57-10;
- in the mortar battery control platoon: P-274M cable – 4 km; TA-57-4 pcs.
- Communication by wire between the battalion commander and headquarters and the regiment commander and headquarters is organized and ensured:
- from the communications center of the regiment command post to the communications center of the battalion command and observation post;
- communications order of the regiment headquarters;
- forces and means of the regiment communications company;
- in the direction of wire communication;
- cable P-274M with its connection to the switch P - 193M;
- A wired communication line is laid through the battalion's reserve deployment area.
Liaison.
Communication with neighboring battalions of one's regiment, the second echelon, anti-tank reserve and TPU of the regiment is ensured through the communications center of the regiment's command post.
In some cases, in accordance with the communications order of the regiment headquarters, wired communications can be provided according to the principle from the right neighbor to the left in the direction of wired communications by the forces and means of the communications platoon of the motorized rifle battalion (neighbor on the right).
Wired communications with subordinate and assigned units are organized:
- from the battalion command and observation post with command and observation posts of motorized rifle companies, a mortar battery, a grenade launcher platoon, an anti-aircraft missile platoon, a support platoon, a medical center, a designation post, a battalion technical observation point, with the commanders of a combat outpost, an armored group, a fire ambush;
- in accordance with the decision of the battalion commander to fight and the instructions of the battalion chief of staff;
- forces and means of the battalion communications platoon;
- in wire communication directions;
- cable P-274M with connection of telephone sets TA-57 to control points of subordinate and assigned units;
- Communication with the combat guard is usually provided via a wired communication line of the company from which the combat guard is allocated. This reduces cable consumption and allows the platoon commander assigned to the combat outpost to maintain contact with the company commander.
SMEs can be reinforced by tank, artillery, engineer and flamethrower units.
Wired communication from the SME KNP is organized with the commanders of those units that remain directly subordinate to the battalion commander.
As a rule, the command post of an attached artillery unit is combined with the command post of a motorized rifle battalion: if the command post of the sadn (sabatr) and the sf are separated, then communication with the artillery units is organized and provided by the communications chief of the sb with the forces and means of his communications platoon. In an attached artillery battalion, wired communications are organized and provided by the communications chief of the garden with the forces and means of his control platoon. Forward (side) observation points (KNP sabatr) can be deployed together with the KNP MSR of the first echelon, therefore wire lines laid to them by the forces and means of the assigned sadn (Sabatr) can form bypass directions of communication with the commanders of the MSD of the first echelon.
When providing wired communication in different directions, the need for cable may exceed the standard quantity in SME communication departments, and the capacity of the switch will not provide reception and service of all lines. Therefore, in order to reduce cable consumption, communication with some subscribers of the battalion can be provided over one line. In this way, it is advisable to organize wire communications with units located in the initial area and operating in battle along the lines (with an anti-tank platoon, armored group. Similarly, wire communications can be organized with a support platoon and a battalion medical center.
Conclusions
The experience of past wars, as well as the experience of local wars of our time, has shown that the successes and failures of military operations of troops in many cases depended on the state of communications. If communications were lost, commanders and staffs could not promptly receive information about the combat situation, respond to its changes, and promptly assign new tasks to subordinate troops. As a result, the troops acted without purpose, interaction was disrupted, which often led to serious consequences. On the contrary, in all cases when communications worked well enough, troop control was not disrupted, the troops felt the leadership and will of the commander, acted harmoniously and achieved success. The more effective and sophisticated the weapons and military equipment used on the battlefield and the more complex the actions of troops, the higher the role of communications.
Currently, communication means are intensively developing, they are becoming more powerful and compact, which makes it possible to provide them to every military personnel. Until recently, only commanders and superiors had communications equipment, but now it is possible to equip each serviceman with them, which will increase the controllability of the unit, its maneuverability and the effectiveness of combat operations over long distances, which previously caused difficulties. The main task of commanders of all levels is continuous communication support in battle. The quality and completeness of fulfillment of the tasks assigned to the unit will depend on this.
List of used literature
- Combat regulations for the preparation and conduct of combined arms combat. Part-2 Textbook “Tactics”, part-2.
- Textbook “Tactics of formations, units and subunits of foreign armies” NVOKU, 1990.
- “Organization and tactics of actions of units of foreign armies” NVOKU, 1998.
- YES. Dragunsky. Motorized rifle (tank) battalion in battle. M. Voenizdat, 1986.