Biographies of great people. The struggle for the survival of the institute and social activities
Valery Shumakov died. A great surgeon, one of the largest transplantologists in the world, academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, one of the founders of Russian transplantology.
Yesterday at noon the head of the organ transplantation department of the Russian scientific center Surgery Sergei Vladimirovich Gauthier. I understood from the voice that something had happened. A huge disaster happened: Valery Ivanovich Shumakov died. My heart failed. The heart of a man who has dedicated his entire life to his heart. They tried to save Shumakov and urgently operated on him. They didn't save...
The loss is irreparable. Unique personality, a unique specialist - that’s all about him, about Valery Shumakov - irreplaceable. Yes, he has many students, he is the creator Russian school transplantologists. And yet irreplaceable.
The loss is all the more bitter because I can’t get rid of the feeling that if it weren’t for the persecution that crushed Russian transplantology for more than two years, then... Litigation in the case of transplant doctors, it did not concern Valery Ivanovich only outwardly. I remember this matter at the wrong time? All the dots are in place - doctors are not to blame. But there’s a gnawing thought: didn’t this speed up Valery Ivanovich’s departure? A man who devoted his entire life to organ transplantation.
I know how painfully he experienced this evil slander against his colleagues, the damage caused national science and practice of organ transplantation. You can't get rid of it overnight. It takes time. And it seems that Valery Ivanovich always did not have enough time. He was in a hurry to live. I was in a hurry to introduce new things, to save. That is why the word “for the first time” is so often associated with his name. It was he who, for the first time in our country, performed a successful transplant operation in 1987 donor heart Siberian Shura Shalnova. Valery Ivanovich did not let me into the operation itself. But then he introduced her to Shura, her mother. Since then I have kept Shura’s photo. And how many other unique operations were performed by Valery Ivanovich! He was the first to transplant a liver, a pancreas, and performed a two-stage heart transplant; many women to whom he transplanted a kidney were able to subsequently give birth to healthy children. Shumakov is the creator of the science of artificial organs that temporarily replace impaired functions of the heart, lungs, kidneys, and pancreas. These artificial organs have been introduced into clinical practice and mass production.
Since 1974, Shumakov headed the Research Institute of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. Valery Ivanovich was not deprived of awards, titles, orders. He is a Hero of Socialist Labor, a laureate of many awards, an honorary citizen of Moscow, a member of foreign academies, a holder of the orders of St. Apostle Andrew the First-Called, Peter the Great... But all this did not give Valery Ivanovich importance or inaccessibility. He never refused an interview or a meeting “just like that” - for the sake of an intelligent conversation. The definition of “venerable”, despite its external dimensions, is not about him.
And now Valery Ivanovich is no more. Although it is difficult to say “no” when he is in the lives of so many of those he saved. He exists in our lives too.
No replacement
Mikhail Davydov, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, president of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences:
The departure of Valery Ivanovich is an irreparable loss. An entire era has passed. He managed to do everything to ensure that transplantation in our country acquired citizenship rights.
Valery Ivanovich was a workaholic. And also a magnificent person, a magnificent man. Handsome and very decent.
Shumakov’s departure orphaned the entire transplant industry. Valery Ivanovich has no equal. And it's a very big problem to find him a worthy replacement. Shumakov cannot be replaced.
I owe him everything
Yan Moysyuk, Head of the Department of Liver and Kidney Transplantation, Research Institute of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Professor:
It is very difficult to find any words now. After all, I worked under Shumakov’s wing for 32 years. I came to his institute as a nurse in 1975. I really wanted to imitate this handsome man. I became a transplantologist. He was a tough man, but fair. And most importantly, he struggled with a lack of understanding of the importance of transplantation, with administrative backwardness. Valery Ivanovich ensured that transplantology became a clinical reality and ceased to be the subject of mere experimental research. It is impossible to forget Valery Ivanovich.
Don't abandon patients
Alexander Trakhtenberg, professor, head of the thoracic department of the Herzen Institute of Oncology:
I will give only one fact. I had the opportunity to operate on a man to whom Valery Ivanovich had transplanted a heart 10 years earlier. And although the patient was not at all young, he survived the removal of the cancerous tumor. This is to once again confirm the importance of transplantology, that field of knowledge, medicine, to which Shumakov devoted himself. Valery Ivanovich was present at the operation - it was his custom: not to abandon former patients.
For the sake of salvation
Elena Malysheva, host of the “Health” program:
Academician Shumakov was one of those rare breed people who were ready to put down their membership card in order to receive permission to perform the first heart transplant operation in the Soviet Union. If that operation had failed, Shumakov simply would have died. Thank God, the heart transplant operation for Siberian Shura was successful. This is where the story began great science on organ transplantation in our country.
Today, this great surgeon is mourned by thousands of people whose lives he saved. For me, Valery Shumakov has always been a hero - the hero of my program and simply a real hero, ready to give his heart to save others.
On January 27, at the age of 77, the famous cardiac surgeon, director of the Research Institute of Transplantology of Artificial Organs Valery Shumakov died.
“Shumakov’s departure orphaned all transplantology. Valery Ivanovich has no equal. And it is a very big problem to find a worthy replacement for him. Shumakov cannot be replaced,” said President of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Mikhail Davydov.
Russian President Vladimir Putin expressed condolences to the family and friends of Valery Ivanovich.
His father Ivan Andreevich was a civil engineer, his mother Natalya Alekseevna was a housewife. In 1941, Ivan Andreevich went to the front. He was lucky - he went through the entire war and remained alive. And Valery lived in Moscow with his mother throughout the war years.
At school until the eighth grade, the future academic preferred volleyball to textbooks. But when it came to a subject called Human Anatomy and Physiology, everything changed. “I picked up the textbook, leafed through it - and it was as if some kind of epiphany came,” he said. “Everything was interesting to me: how difficult it turns out that a person is structured.”
It was then that a strong desire was born to go to study to become a doctor, and not just to become a doctor, but to become a surgeon. None of his relatives were involved in medicine, and where the young man’s passion for medicine came from is anyone’s guess.
After school in 1950, he entered the 1st Moscow medical school named after I.M. Sechenov, who graduated with honors.
Then, in the 50s, L. Bockeria, B. Konstantinov, G. Soloviev, I. Kirpatovsky, who later became famous surgeons, studied at First Med. All of them came from the circle at the Department of Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery, which was headed by Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences Vladimir Vasilyevich Kovanov. He noticed a capable student Valery Shumakov and invited him to graduate school.
In graduate school, Valery Ivanovich continued his work on the problems of heart surgery, which he began at the institute. He developed new method treatment of one of the acquired heart defects - mitral valve insufficiency. It was so original that it attracted the attention of the famous surgeon, one of the pioneers of Russian cardiac surgery, academician Boris Vasilyevich Petrovsky. Meeting V.I. Shumakova with B.V. Petrovsky became a turning point in his future fate- he invited a young doctor to work in his academic group at the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences as a junior researcher.
Shumakov’s professional fate took another sharp turn when Petrovsky invited his student to head the kidney transplant department, which he intended to create at his institute. Valery Ivanovich recalled: “Before that, I had only done cardiovascular surgery and said that I didn’t know the problem of kidney transplantation at all. My teacher’s answer was laconic - if you don’t know, then you will know...”
Shumakov quickly managed to put the kidney transplant on stream, but his dream remained to perform a heart transplant.
Valery Ivanovich worked next to his teacher for about 15 years. These were the years when open heart operations were just starting, when operations with artificial circulation were introduced into the clinic. That is why he was entrusted with mastering the operation of heart-lung devices. After an internship in the USA, Shumakov was entrusted with the first independent open heart operations. This time became the beginning for Valery Ivanovich long journey to realize his dream - a heart transplant.
In the early 1960s, artificial heart valves began to be used in clinics in the USSR. The first domestic developments were inferior to foreign ones, and Shumakov began creating high-quality artificial heart valves together with leading specialists from military-industrial complex enterprises. As a result, since 1963, in domestic heart surgery they began to use the method developed by V.I. Shumakov together with B.P. Zverev ball mitral valve prosthesis. Its design turned out to be so successful that it had no equal for about 20 years, until the next generation of prosthetic heart valves appeared. For this development, Valery Ivanovich in 1966 received his first of 200 invention certificates, for which later in 1978 he was awarded honorary title: Honored Inventor of the RSFSR. In 1965, Shumakov defended doctoral dissertation on the topic "Heart valve replacement."
In 1966-1969 he headed the laboratory artificial heart and auxiliary circulation of the Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Surgery of the USSR Ministry of Health. In 1969-1974, Shumakov served as head of the department of transplantation and artificial organs. Since 1974, he was director of the Research Institute of Transplantology and Artificial Organs of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.
A general cardiac surgeon, Valery Shumakov is one of the founders of domestic clinical transplantology; for the first time in the country, he successfully performed a heart, liver and pancreas transplant, as well as a two-stage heart transplant.
The first heart transplant ended in failure - the transplanted organ worked well, but the patient's kidneys failed. Doctors who had no experience in treating such patients took a long time to decide how to carry out therapy, and were late. After this, as Shumakov said, he was “hinted from above that there might be trouble if there were further failures.” The second operation was the first successful. The next day there was a phone call from the ministry, and then the inspectors arrived. “They started asking me. I said: “Why ask? Come and look." They changed one deputy minister's clothes and took him to the box to the sick woman, who could already speak. When he came out of there, he immediately called the Central Committee and reported everything. After he hung up, he said that they were congratulating me on my successful operation. I thought to myself: what if she was unsuccessful?”
Valery Shumakov had many students. Now this school includes 50 doctors of science and over 120 candidates of science, it is represented by various specialists (medics, biologists, engineers, mathematicians and physicists), in different regions Russia and neighboring countries.
His wife, Natalya Mikhailovna, who worked as an anesthesiologist for many years, is now retired. Daughter Olga is an art critic and works at the Tretyakov Gallery. Son Dmitry followed in his father’s footsteps, became an excellent surgeon and now heads the department at the Research Institute of Transplantology and Artificial Organs.
By Shumakov’s own admission, in his work he always walked on the edge of the possible, adhered to his motto: “Forward and not a step back!” In life I loved excitement and speed, but I didn’t get behind the wheel in a car: “I’m at risk for operating table Enough!"
As the director of the Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery named after. A.N. Bakuleva Leo Bockeria, “he himself was very kind in character. Cheerful, subtle. With a very developed sense of humor. Very hospitable. And a person to whom people were drawn.”
The work schedule of the famous surgeon was intense until the very end. It is advisable to operate, he said, every day, excluding Saturdays and Sundays: “Sometimes there is a sanitary day when we do not operate. But these empty days are often compensated for by night transplants. It is impossible to create a schedule for transplantations: we have to operate when donor organs arrive.” .
Valery Shumakov’s student, head of the department of kidney and liver transplantology at the Moscow Research Institute of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Yan Masyuk, said that Shumakov before last day was at the clinic. “He died suddenly, he died in his clinic. Just recently he was operating. Just a few days ago. And when he could not operate, he was worried about how the operations were going,” Masyuk said.
The material was prepared by the online editors of www.rian.ru based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources
In 1956 he graduated from the medical faculty of the First Moscow Medical Institute named after Sechenov. In 1956 - 1959 - graduate student in the department of operative surgery and topographic anatomy of the same institute. In 1959 he defended candidate's thesis, and in 1966 - a doctorate.
After graduate school, he worked in the academic group of B.V. Petrovsky on the problem of artificial circulation in open correction of heart defects. From 1963 to 1966 he worked as a senior research fellow Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Surgery of the USSR Ministry of Health. In 1966 - 1969 - Head of the Laboratory of Artificial Heart and Assisted Circulation of the Institute. In 1969 he was confirmed with the rank of professor. In 1969-1974 - Head of the Department of Transplantation and Artificial Organs. From 1974 to the present - Director of the Research Institute of Transplantology and Artificial Organs of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.
A general cardiac surgeon, V.I. Shumakov, is one of the founders of domestic clinical transplantology; for the first time in the country, he successfully performed a heart, liver and pancreas transplant, as well as a two-stage heart transplant. Creator of the science of artificial organs that temporarily replace the impaired functions of vital human organs (heart, lungs, kidneys, pancreas). These artificial organs are developed at all stages of design, experimental testing, introduction into clinical practice and mass production.
Heads the department of "Physics of Living Systems" of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and the laboratory of biomedical informatics of the Institute of Automation and Design of the Russian Academy of Sciences, where he founded graduate School training of versatile specialists: transplantologists, surgeons, physicists, mechanics and system managers. In total, he trained 27 doctors and 45 candidates medical sciences.
The scientific and practical achievements of V.I. Shumakov were awarded the USSR State Prize (1971), the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, III degree (1995), international award Academician B.V. Petrovsky "Outstanding Surgeon of the World" (1996), the Russian Government Prize in the field of science and technology for the development and implementation of heart transplantation in clinical practice (1997).
He is a Hero of Socialist Labor (1988), Honored Inventor of the RSFSR (1978). In 1997, he was elected an honorary citizen of Moscow and awarded the jubilee medal of the 850th anniversary of Moscow. Awarded a diploma World Organization UN intellectual property, three gold medals from the USSR Exhibition of Economic Achievements, honorary diplomas from the USSR Exhibition of Economic Achievements, the French Society of Transplantologists and the Surgical Society of the Czech Republic.
V.I. Shumakov - full member Russian Academy Medical Sciences (1988), Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1993), Chairman of the Scientific Council on Transplantation and Artificial Organs under the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, coordinator of the interdepartmental agreement between Russia and the USA on artificial heart and circulatory support, Chief Editor journal "Transplantology and Artificial Organs", executive editor of the "Medical Technology" section of the Big Medical Encyclopedia, member of the board of the All-Union Society of Cardiovascular Surgeons, member International Society surgeons, honorary member French Society of Transplantologists, member of the International Society of Artificial Organs, International Society of Heart Transplantation, International Society of Transplantologists, American Society Thoracic Surgeons, American Society of Artificial Organs, European Society transplantologists, European Society of Artificial Organs.
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Born on November 9, 1931 in Moscow. In 1941, during the evacuation, he lived in the village. Shilovo Ryazan region, studied at Shilovskaya school No. 1. Graduated high school No. 330 Moscow.
In 1956 he graduated with honors from the medical faculty of the 1st Moscow Medical Institute named after. THEM. Sechenov, in 1959 - postgraduate studies in operative surgery and topographic anatomy at the same institute. He defended his thesis on the topic “Surgical correction of mitral valve insufficiency.” He worked at the Department of Hospital Surgery of the 1st Moscow Medical Institute and at the All-Union Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Surgery of the USSR Ministry of Health, later renamed the All-Union Scientific Center for Surgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. In 1965, he successfully defended his doctoral dissertation “Heart valve replacement.” From 1966 to 1969 - Head of the laboratory of assisted circulation and artificial heart, and from 1969 to 1974. - Department of Transplantation and Artificial Organs of the All-Union Scientific Center of Surgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. In 1971, Shumakov, as part of a team of leading Russian clinical scientists headed by B.V. Petrovsky received the USSR State Prize for the development and implementation of kidney transplantation into clinical practice.
In July 1974, Valery Ivanovich was appointed director of the Institute of Organ and Tissue Transplantation of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. Since that time, the institute began to develop not only issues of clinical transplantology, but also a new direction, inextricably linked with further progress in transplantology - the creation and use of artificial organs. In March 1987, Shumakov performed the first successful donor heart transplant in the USSR, and in 1990, the first successful liver transplant.
Shumakov - author of three discoveries, about 500 scientific works, more than 20 monographs; he owns more than 200 copyright certificates. Shumakov's research is devoted to organ transplantation, surgical treatment of acquired heart defects, the creation of extracorporeal and implantable artificial organs for long-term compensation of impaired or lost functions of natural organs, the development of prosthetic heart valves, in particular a prosthetic mitral valve with a device for seamless mechanical fixation.
Valery Ivanovich trained a galaxy of scientists, created a school of highly qualified transplantologists, cardiac surgeons, and bioengineers. More than 170 doctoral and master's theses were defended under his leadership.
Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russian Academy of Natural Sciences and Russian Academy of Sciences, International Academy pioneers of artificial organs. Head of the Department of Physics of Living Systems at MIPT and the Basic Department of Transplantology at MSI. Twice laureate of the USSR State Prize, laureate of the Russian Government Prize. Honored Inventor of the RSFSR. Shumakov - chief transplantologist Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the interdepartmental Scientific Council on Transplantology and Artificial Organs under the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, President of the All-Russian Association “For Mercy, Ecology and Health” and the Interregional Scientific Society of Transplantologists, Editor-in-Chief of the scientific journal “Bulletin of Transplantology and Artificial Organs”, member of the editorial board of a number of domestic and foreign scientific journals, executive editor of the “Medical Technology” section of the BME, member of the board All-Russian Society surgeons and the Association of Cardiovascular Surgeons of Russia, member of the International Society of Transplantologists, the International Society of Artificial Organs and a number of other international medical organizations. Since 2001 - member of the Ryazan community.
In 1990, for his great contribution to the development of domestic transplantology, Shumakov was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.
He was awarded the Order of Lenin "For Services to the Fatherland", St. Apostle Andrew the First-Called, St. Alexander Nevsky, the gold medal "Outstanding Surgeon of the World" named after. B.V. Petrovsky, medal of the World Intellectual Property Organization and other medals. In 1997 he was awarded the title " Honorable Sir Moscow" and was awarded the medal "In memory of the 850th anniversary of Moscow." Winner of the “Business People 2006” award in the “Name in Medicine” category and the Peter the Great Award. Shumakov's name is included in the encyclopedia " The best people Russia" (2006). On the building of Shilovskaya school No. 1, where Valery Ivanovich studied, a memorial plaque was unveiled in 2002.
Resolution of the head of the administration of the Ryazan region No. 39 of January 24, 2002 “for high achievements in the field of healthcare, great personal contribution to the improvement medical care residents of the Ryazan region" V.I. Shumakov was awarded the title “Honorary Citizen of the Ryazan Region”. Died January 27, 2008
Valery Shumakov was born in Moscow on November 9, 1931. His father was a civil engineer, and his mother was a housewife. In 1956 he graduated with honors from the 1st Moscow Medical Institute. I. M. Sechenov. Then he went to graduate school at the same institute at the department of operative surgery and topographic anatomy, from which he graduated in 1959. In graduate school, he developed a technique for palliative treatment of mitral valve insufficiency. B.V. Petrovsky, a luminary of Russian cardiac surgery, drew attention to the ideas of the young doctor. Petrovsky applied his method in treating patients. He took the young talent into his academic group. In 1966, Shumakov defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic of heart valve replacement. Experts used the ball prosthesis he improved for another 20 years. Under the leadership of Petrovsky, he worked on issues of artificial circulation during open correction of heart defects. Later, Shumakov began developing an artificial heart. From 1963 to 1966 he was a senior researcher in clinical and experimental surgery, from 1966 to 1969 - head of the laboratory of artificial heart and assisted circulation, from 1969 to 1974 he was head of the department of transplantology and artificial organs of the Research Institute. Subsequently, he became director of the Research Institute of Transplantology and Artificial Organs of the Ministry of Health of the USSR and Russia. Shumakov founded the Department of Physics of Living Systems at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, which he himself headed until the end of his life. In 1965, Petrovsky performed the first successful transplantation of a donor kidney. After this operation, transplant centers began to be created. In the 70s, Shumakov began to head a Soviet-American group developing an artificial heart. In the late 70s, Shumakov focused on the surgical problems of liver transplantation. In 1977, he was the first to perform a heterotopic transplant of the left lobe of the liver into the left iliac region. In 1979, Shumakov performed the first successful clinical islet cell transplantation in the USSR. In 1987, Shumakov performed the first heart transplant operation in Russia. With no less success, he performed a pancreas and liver transplant and a two-stage heart transplant. In 1990, Shumakov was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, he was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal. In 1997, he and a group of employees were awarded the Russian Government Prize. Shumakov was a scientist, an inventor, and a developer of several dozen technologies and methods in transplantology. He made 3 discoveries, wrote 20 monographs and more than 450 scientific papers, and has more than 200 inventions. Throughout his life, Shumakov acted as an active surgeon. He died of heart failure on January 27, 2008. The leader of Russian transplantology was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.