Klyazma river basin. Shchelkovo land in names
Geographical encyclopedia
A river in the center of the European part of the Russian Federation, a left tributary of the Oka. 686 km, basin area 42.5 thousand km². The average water flow 185 km from the mouth is 147 m³/s. There is a reservoir in the upper reaches. Navigable 302 km from the mouth. On Klyazma... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
KLYAZMA, a river in the center of the European part of Russia, a left tributary of the Oka. 686 km, pl. basin 42.5 thousand km2. The average water flow 185 km from the mouth is 147 m3/s. There is a reservoir in the upper reaches. Navigable 302 km from the mouth. On Klyazma the cities of Vladimir, Kovrov and... ... Russian history
Exist., number of synonyms: 1 river (2073) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Dictionary of synonyms
Klyazma- KLYAZMA, river, lion. tributary of the Oka; on its banks, at 20 ver. from Moscow, in April. 1433 Prince's troops. Yuri Zvenigorodsky was defeated by the squads taken by surprise. book Moscow Vasily Temnago (during the struggle for the grand ducal throne). Vasily... ... Military encyclopedia
Klyazma- river, lp Oka; Moscow and Vladimir regions. In sources of the XII-XIV centuries. repeatedly referred to as Klyazma; Sigismund Herberstein in 1517 recorded as Clesma, in the Book of the Great Drawing, 1627 and in later sources Klyazma. By… … Toponymic dictionary
A river in the center of European Russia, a left tributary of the Oka. 686 km, basin area 42.5 thousand km2. The average water flow 185 km from the mouth is 147 m3/s. There is a reservoir in the upper reaches. Navigable 302 km from the mouth. On Klyazma Vladimir, Kovrov, etc. * * … Encyclopedic Dictionary
Klyazma- Sp Kliazmà Ap Klyazma/Klyaz’ma L u. RF Maskvos ir Vladimiro sr., g tė Maskvos sr … Pasaulio vietovardžiai. Internetinė duomenų bazė
The river is in the Moscow and Vladimir regions of the RSFSR, partially flows along their border with the Ivanovo and Gorky regions, the left tributary of the river. Okie. Length 686 km, basin area 42,500 km2. It originates on the Moscow Upland, flows along... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
The river, a left tributary of the Oka River, originates in the Moscow district in the swamps near the village of Ovsyanikov. Length K. 595 versts. It flows through the provinces of Moscow, Vladimir and Nizhny Novgorod. The width of the river is from 20 to 40 fathoms and the greatest is up to 120 fathoms.… … Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
Books
- All about Zhab Zhabych, Uspensky Eduard Nikolaevich, Zhab Zhabych is not the first strange creature created by the writer Eduard Uspensky. Just remember the beast Cheburashka, unknown to science, or the cute, albeit silent alien from outer space... Category: Modern fairy tales for children Series: Uspensky Publisher: Malysh (AST),
- Difficult time, Sleptsov Vasily Alekseevich, Sleptsov Vasily Alekseevich - famous fiction writer. He made his debut in print in the late 1850s. Author of feuilleton reviews, cycles of essays “Vladimirka and Klyazma” 1861, “Letters about Ostashkov”... Category: Fiction and related topics Series: Publisher:
The Klyazma River is not navigable, but it is well known to the residents of Russia. This river flows through Moscow, they flow through the territory of the Vladimir and Nizhny Novgorod regions. mentions of Klyazma are often found in chronicle sources. This is a classic Russian river, the banks of which have witnessed many historical events.
Where does it flow
Klyazma originates near the city of Kovrov. To understand where a given river flows, it is necessary to indicate its features and the main natural objects associated with it:
- The Klyazma is a very large river. It is deep and in several places its width exceeds 200 meters. But in most cases, the width of the river ranges from 50 to 130 meters. This is a serious indicator, which determines the presence of a large number of fish and aquatic animals in the river;
- the greatest depth is 8 meters. But such a depth is not typical for this river at all. Therefore, the standard depth is no more than 2 meters;
- A state reserve was created on the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod region along the banks of the river. It is called "Klyazmensky". This reserve was created to preserve the beaver and muskrat populations. These animals traditionally lived along the banks of the Klyazma. But active development of the river by humans has led to a reduction in the habitats of beavers and muskrats;
- the river passes several reservoirs - Klyazmenskoye and Pirogovskoye. Passing through them, the river continues its path;
- it flows into the Volga. Thus, this river runs from the Oka to the Volga.
From the above it follows that the river flows into the Volga, which is the largest river in the European part of Russia.
What is Klyazma famous for?
People have settled in the areas adjacent to the river for a long time. They hunted, fished, and collected honey from wild bees and berries. These places abounded in game and fish. Therefore, some people replaced others. On the banks of the Klyazma, scientists have discovered several interesting burials from different eras.
For example, a burial of the Fatyanovo culture dating back to the 3rd millennium BC was discovered there. It is believed that representatives of this culture could be the ancestors of the Slavs.
Klyazma, Klyazma boarding house
Klyazma- a river in the European part of Russia, flowing through the territory of the city of Moscow, Moscow, Vladimir, Ivanovo and Nizhny Novgorod regions, a left tributary of the Oka.
- 1 Geography
- 2 Tributaries
- 3 History
- 4 River today
- 5 Hydraulic structures
- 5.1 Bridges
- 6 Ecology, fauna, vegetation
- 7 Images
- 8 Notes
- 9 Links
Geography
Klyazma poolLength - 686 km, basin area - 42.5 thousand km². The average annual water flow, 185 km from the mouth, near the city of Kovrov, is 139-147 m³/s. The food is predominantly snowy. It freezes in November and opens in the first half of April.
The river originates within the Moscow Upland, near Solnechnogorsk. From the source it flows to the southeast, through the territory of the Solnechnogorsk district, and then along the border of the Molzhaninovsky district of Moscow, where near the village of Cherkizova it turns sharply to the east. The banks in the upper reaches of the Klyazma are high and the valley is narrow. At the confluence with the Klyazminskoye reservoir, the width of the river reaches 12 m. Then it flows through the Klyazminskoye and Pirogovskoye reservoirs, where it mixes with the waters of the Volga. Below the named reservoirs, the flow of the Klyazma is regulated; its width at the Klyazma platform of the Yaroslavl direction of the Moscow Railway is about 20 m.
Water Register of Russia | |
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09010300312110000031157 | |
Pool code | 09.01.03.003 |
GI code | 110003115 |
Volume GI | 10 |
It flows mainly through the Meshchera Lowland. Within Meshchera, the right bank of the river is significantly lower than the left. Below the mouth of the Teza, along the low left bank, the Balakhninskaya lowland begins, on the right - a steep bank (up to 90 meters), belonging to the Gorokhovetsky spur of the Tsninsky shaft. The width in Noginsk is 50 m, in Vladimir - 130 m. In some places Klyazma has a width exceeding 200 m. The maximum depth is 8 m, the predominant depth is shallow (1-2 m). In some places the river cuts through limestone strata. The bottom is clayey, sandy in places.
On the left bank between Kovrov and the mouth of the Teza there is the Klyazminsky state nature reserve (until 1978 there were 2 beaver-muskrat reserves of local importance: Yuzhsky in Ivanovo and Kovrovsky in the Vladimir region).
Tributaries
The largest tributaries: on the left - Ucha, Vorya, Sherna, Kirzhach, Peksha, Koloksha, Nerl, Uvod, Teza and Lukh; on the right are Polya, Sudogda and Suvoroshch.
Klyazma pool
Tributaries (km from mouth)
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Story
View of the Vladimirsky railway station and Klyazma in 1911, photo by Prokudin-GorskyPeople have settled on the banks of the river and the entire basin for a long time. Archaeologists have excavated sites of ancient man of the Paleolithic era - the famous Sungir, Mesolithic - for example, near the village of Saurovo near Pavlovsky Posad), many Neolithic (including near the village of Bolshoye Bunkovo, Noginsk region - sites of the Lyalovo and Fatyanovo cultures), settlements of the Dyakovo culture. In later times, the banks were inhabited by Finno-Ugric Meshchera, Merya and Muroma (the languages of these tribes gave modern names to many tributaries of the river), and the first Slavic burial mounds were found in these places.
Woolen factory (1883) on Klyazma in Noginsk
The development of the entire northeast of Rus', starting with the Vladimir-Suzdal principality (XII century), is associated with the river and its tributaries. At this time, the river and its tributaries were used for navigation along its entire length, which made it possible to spread its influence far, and the Klyazma-Skhodnya-Moscow trade route, which was used even before the Slavic settlement, developed an economic basis.
Since the development of crafts (XVII century), the river has concentrated many paper, ceramic and especially textile industries, first handicrafts, and later factories.
In 1937, within the framework of the Gulag system, the construction of the Moscow Canal was completed; the upper reaches of the Klyazma were blocked by the Pirogovskaya dam, which formed the Klyazminskoe reservoir. The flow through the dams, simultaneously generating electricity, began to be regulated and fed by the waters of the upper Volga and rivers in the north of the Moscow region.
In 1941, the construction of two hydroelectric power stations began, but was soon stopped with the outbreak of war - near Vladimir and Kovrov. The legacy of construction at the site of the Kovrov station remains the Pakinskaya colony.
In the 70s of the 20th century, the project of the Eastern Shipping Canal on the outskirts of Moscow was considered.
River today
On the river there are such large cities as Dolgoprudny, Shchelkovo, Korolev, Losino-Petrovsky, Noginsk, Pavlovsky Posad, Orekhovo-Zuevo, Sobinka, Vladimir, Kovrov, Vyazniki, Gorokhovets.
About 1.7 million people live along the banks of the river. And in the river basin - over 3.3 million.
The river provides water to both numerous industries and residents of large settlements in the middle and lower reaches.
It is navigable for 267 km from the mouth to Vladimir, used for transporting goods by barges (including sand washed up here). Full navigation in the middle reaches is limited by the shallow depth and rocky bottom of the area between Kovrov and Mstera.
There is a cargo port in Vyazniki, a historical shipyard in Gorokhovets.
Hydraulic structures
- in the village of Lunevo (Solnechnogorsk district)
- Pirogovsky hydroelectric complex in the village of Pirogovsky
- in the village of Tarasovka
- in the New Hills microdistrict, Korolev city
- the village of Amerovo near the town of Shchelkova
- Sverdlovsky village
- remains of a dam in the city of Losino-Petrovsky (near the Monino sanatorium)
- in the village of Obukhov
- in Noginsk - a concrete dam about 2.5 meters high with six adjustable spillways and a coastal spillway.
Wastewater: Treatment facilities of the Shchelkovskaya, Obukhovskaya, Noginskaya, Pavlovo-Posadskaya and Orekhovo-Zuevskaya water supply and sewerage systems.
In the Moscow region, stationary hydrological observation is carried out by departments of the Moscow Center for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring:
- Integrated hydrological station (including a hydrochemical station with two sections) in Orekhovo-Zuevo
- Hydrochemical observation point in Shchelkovo (three sections)
- Hydrochemical station in Pavlovsky Posad (two sections)
Bridges
Decembrist Bridge (Noginsk)- Bridge in Maydarov (new route Moscow - St. Petersburg)
- Bridge of highway A-107 (concrete)
- Railway bridge near Bukharov
- Bridge in Bolkashin
- Bridge in Nikolskoye
- Bridge in the boarding house "Morozovka"
- Bridge on Lyalovskoye Highway
- Pedestrian bridge on Levoberezhnaya Street (Mendeleevo village)
- Bridge on Pionerskaya Street (Mendeleevo village)
- Pedestrian bridge to the MAI training ground
- Bridge in Klushino (new highway Moscow - St. Petersburg)
- Bridge near the village of Horizon
- Bridge near the village of Iskra
- Bridge in the village of Lunevo
- Bridge in the village of Nadezhda
- Bridge in Isakov
- Sheremetyevskoye Highway Bridge
- International Highway Bridge
- Dolgoprudnensky Bridge
- Ostashkovskoe highway bridge (Pirogovo village, Central street)
- Pirogovskoe highway bridge (entrance to the village of Pirogovsky)
- Akulovsky Bridge
- Klyazma railway bridge
- M8 highway bridge
- Bridge near the village of Krasnoznamensky (Shchelkovsky district)
- Pedestrian bridge in Shchelkovo (Sokolovskaya street - Serova street)
- Pedestrian bridge in Shchelkovo (Pushkin Street - Serova Street - Talsinskaya Street)
- Bridge in Shchelkovo (old; closed for restoration in the fall of 2014)
- Fryanovskoye Highway Bridge, highway R-110 (Shchelkovo, Proletarsky Avenue)
- Railway Shchelkovsky bridge (dead-end line from Shchelkovo station to Shchelkovsky mining department)
- Pedestrian bridge in the Potapov area to the village of Amerevo (Shchelkovo)
- Bridge in Shchelkovo along Chkalovskaya Street to Rabochaya Street in the villages of Kozhino and Amerevo
- Bridge of the A-103 highway between Aniskin and the village of Biokombinat (Shchelkovsky district)
- Moninsky Bridge
- Elninsky Bridge
- Decembrist Bridge (Noginsk)
- Zakharovsky Bridge (Noginsk)
- Railway bridge of Noginsk PPZhT
- Bridge of the M7 highway (Bogoslovo)
- Victory Bridge (Pavlovsky Posad)
- Gorodkovsky pedestrian bridge (Pavlovsky Posad)
- Gorodkovsky Bridge (Pavlovsky Posad)
- Elektrogorsky railway bridge (Pavlovsky Posad)
- Suspension pedestrian bridge (Pavlovo-Posad district)
- Gagarinsky pedestrian bridge (Orekhovo-Zuevo)
- Zuevsky Bridge (Orekhovo-Zuevo)
- Old (restored) bridge (Orekhovo-Zuevo)
- Parkovsky Bridge (Orekhovo-Zuevo)
- Krutovsky pedestrian bridge (Orekhovo-Zuevo)
- Gorodishchensky railway bridge
- Bridge on the road Pokrov - Markovo
- Bridge on the road Petushki - Krutovo
- Bridge in the Kosterev area (military facility)
- Sobinsky Bridge
- Railway bridge on the Vladimir - Tumskaya line
- Bridge on the southern bypass of Vladimir highway M7 (1998)
- Bridge named after the 850th anniversary of Vladimir (1958)
- Bridge on the M7 highway (Penkino)
- Railway Kovrov Bridge
- Automobile Kovrov bridge
- Vyaznikovsky Bridge
- Gorokhovetsky Bridge (M7 highway)
- Railway Bridge (Galitsy)
Ecology, fauna, vegetation
From the city of Shchelkovo to the tributaries of the Vladimir region, both the water and its inhabitants are unsuitable for consumption, and the water is also unsuitable for swimming.
The Klyazma is heavily polluted in its upper reaches, but is still quite rich in fish (bream, ide, podust, asp, perch, pike, roach, ruff, burbot, gudgeon, bleak, chub). Nowadays, catfish and sterlet, for which the river was famous in the 19th and 20th centuries, are almost never found in Klyazma.
Coastal vegetation is represented by various types of willows and sedges, chastis, reeds, cattails, stinging nettles, forest geraniums, succession of tripartite, aquatic vegetation - duckweed, water lilies, egg capsules, elodea, hornwort, and various types of pondweed.
The river is available for kayaking from May to September.
Images
- Many Orthodox churches were built on the banks of the river
The ancient Assumption Cathedral was erected on the high left bank in Vladimir
The Church of the Intercession on the Nerl was built at the confluence of the Nerl and the old bed of the Klyazma
Church of the Intercession in Cherkizovo
Church of Peter and Paul in Obukhov, on the right bank
Epiphany Cathedral in Noginsk
Temple of the Tikhvin Icon in Noginsk
Assumption Church in Noginsk
Temple of Matrona of Moscow in Noginsk
Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral in Kovrov
Znamensky Monastery on the left bank in Gorokhovets
Sretensky Monastery and Resurrection Church, view of old Gorokhovets from the Nikolsky Monastery
- Structures on the river
Remains of the dam near the Monino sanatorium
Remains of the dam near the Obukhovsky plant
Spillway of the city dam in Noginsk
Notes
- r. Klyazma. Public cadastral map. Rosreestr. Retrieved April 7, 2015.
- Surface water resources of the USSR: Hydrological knowledge. T. 10. Upper Volga region / Ed. V. P. Shaban. - L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1966. - 528 p.
- Driving directions of the Klyazma River from the mouth to Vladimir
- Moscow CGMS-R
- Characteristics of river water pollution in the Klyazma basin in the Moscow region / V. M. Yashin.
Links
- Klyazma - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- Klyazma // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg, 1890-1907. (Retrieved January 10, 2010)
- Klyazma in the Dictionary of Modern Geographical Names
- Polya River - Klyazma River (from Moscow to Vladimir region ~ up to 60 km): rafting report (PHOTOS)
- Klyazma, Teza - mills and plows. Story.
Rivers of Moscow | |
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Moscow Bannaya Ditch Bitsa Bubna Golubinka Gorodnya Zhabenka Zhuzha Ichka Kabanka Kamenka Kaplya Kolomna Stream Kopytovka Korshunikha (Cheryomushka) Kotlovka Red Stream Krovyanka Likhoborka (Bead) Lopenka Elk Naprudnaya Natoshenka Neglinnaya Nishchenka Olshanka Ochakovka Pekhorka Presnya Ramenka Rastan Rybinka Samo mole Serebryanka Setun Setunka Titmouse Sosenka Skhodnya Tarakanovka Khapilovka Khimka Khodynka Filka Chachenka Chermyanka Black Stream Chertanovka Chechera (tributary of the Pekhorka) Chechera (tributary of the Yazovka) Chechera (tributary of the Yauza) Chura Churilikha (Ponomarka) Yauza |
Klyazma, Klyazma reservoir, Klyazma city, Klyazma Moscow, Klyazma boarding house
Klyazma Information About
For most residents of the Moscow region, Klyazma is something of little interest, not something that can be taken seriously. Our national sport, the distortion of words and names, also did not bypass it.
It’s difficult to say what influenced this attitude towards it to a greater extent: maybe too many people are used to seeing it small and littered in the upper reaches, maybe it practically never reveals itself in all its glory to passing motorists...
I was lucky enough to see the real Klyazma, as she is. Yes, we had to fight with traces of human activity in the upper reaches - up to Noginsk one could expect some kind of man-made tricks. But all these efforts paid off handsomely when I went to the Vladimir region, the wonderful and beautiful Vladimir region! In one season in 2015, I lived a small life on the Klyazma and went through it all without a trace from source to mouth.
Unfortunately, or fortunately, it will not be possible to cover everything in one article, so I will try to make do with a few touches, which, nevertheless, will be of a systematic nature.
So, the length of the Klyazma is about 700 km from the source to the mouth; it took me 23 walking days to pass them, two of which were walking, and the rest was kayaking. Except for one stage, I walked alone; once my wife joined me.
It is clear that you cannot go from the very source by kayak, and you still need to find it, so the first part was a walk through the spring forest from Maidarovo towards the source.
The swamp, which is located almost at the very source.
The first rafting trip in my life was scheduled for the May weekend, and I started it not far from home, so that if something happened, I could be quickly evacuated from the river :-) The starting point was the village of Cherkizovo, from which I walked my first 20 km in a kayak. .. These were not easy kilometers, because... I had to fend off rubbish rubble along the bank about eight times - this is clearly not the best part of the river, although everything started out beautifully.
But the time has come for a systematic passage of the river from beginning to end. From the same Maidarovo I had to go down, the width of the river here is approximately equal to the length of the kayak.
Seven kilometers of this sailing day became a real test for me - I was right that I first trained on more or less normal water. Here it seemed to me that I was somewhere in the taiga, obstacles came one after another, and the river went deeper and deeper into the forest...
But it was possible to move forward. Then began that Klyazma, which is known to most, and therefore of little interest, however, I cannot say that it is terrible, not at all, in places it is even very beautiful, but too much from the environment spoils it. But I think it’s hardly possible to walk through the construction site of runway No. 3 at Sheremetyevo - in the photo I stopped right at the alignment of the embankment.
The approaches to the Klyazma Reservoir, like it itself, despite its active use by vacationers, left me with a favorable impression. On the way I visited the beach in Chiverevo...
And he slightly diluted the dense rows of sailing ships.
But the real, living Klyazma begins below Noginsk, more precisely from the bridge on the M7 Federal Highway, here I walked just to P. Posad with my wife.
What do we expect from a real river? A pine forest, a sandy cliff, a beautiful turn... All this is present here.
But all these were one-day sections, and I was waiting for the real one, three days, with a tent - from Petushki to Vladimir the river makes a deep entry into Meshchera, so it’s difficult to divide this section into shorter ones. I must say that this is the wildest section on the entire river.
And here it is, my first camp set up by myself.
I must say that I had enough emotions for my first solo overnight stay in the forest. Firstly, towards nightfall, a wild boar swam from the other bank about thirty meters downstream and fell silent somewhere. I also had to quiet down and go to bed without finishing all my work. And, secondly, from about two in the morning a thunderstorm broke out, which lasted for three hours with good rain. That night, more than ever, I wanted to miraculously find myself at home... But the morning put everything in its place - the rain stopped and wonderful weather set in...
And also there was an empty den of a wild boar, in which he spent the night about forty meters from me. In the photo, despite the rain, the traces of this forest dweller are clearly visible.
Living such a night is very important in order to get rid of empty fears. The further hike, along with the difficulty of getting to the river and covering kilometers, gave excellent scenery and confidence in reaching the mouth, which at first, I must admit, I myself did not really believe.
Rising before the sun, one might say, became the calling card for the subsequent report on the rafting.
I enjoyed seeing the dawn and sunrise on the water so much that in the future I no longer thought of doing anything differently.
It is advisable to look at such beauty with your own eyes.
In front of me was a real, beautiful river with its own peaceful character.
In some places it seemed like you were walking between heaven and sky...
This is the first time I have encountered such a source.
At the next stage we had to go with a strong tailwind, and again the sunrise.
The elements are literally visible in the photograph.
I don’t think that after looking at this short report, one can continue to consider the Klyazma an uninteresting river - it is real, and in every sense of the word.