The author gives an example. Argumentation of one's own position
Mistakes in our complex life... Is it possible to live life without making mistakes? How to gain life experience and become wiser? These questions are asked by the famous philologist D.S. Likhachev.
Reflecting on this problem, the author cites as an example a letter from a schoolgirl who wonders: should we pay attention to the mistakes of great people? Likhachev replies that “no one is free from mistakes” even in everyday life. Indeed, it is impossible to deny that every person has made a mistake at least once. But how can we correct what has been done? Developing this question, Likhachev recalls an episode from life when a young man had the strength to admit his bad deed. This acquaintance delighted Likhachev and helped him understand that it was important to “break yourself, find courage and the courage to admit mistakes.” Likhachev also notes that it is not too late to correct the mistakes of youth even in adulthood.
D.S. Likhachev believes that the path of admitting mistakes can be long and difficult, but only a person who has repented of his sins is able to maintain honor and dignity.
Often a person makes the most serious mistakes in his youth due to lack of experience. This situation is described in the novel “Crime and Punishment” by F.M. Dostoevsky. Rodion Raskolnikov, a poor student, wanting to test the theory of a strong personality in practice, commits a crime against the law and conscience: he kills an old pawnbroker in cold blood. But Rodion cannot step over his human essence; his conscience torments him.
He soon realizes that he has made a mistake and comes forward to pay for what he has done. In hard labor, the hero gradually takes the path of spiritual and moral development. F.M. Dostoevsky emphasizes that a person who has repented of his mistakes is worthy of forgiveness and needs guidance and compassion.
Bulgakov shows the difficult path of redemption in the novel “The Master and Margarita.” The procurator of Judea, Pontius Pilate, is faced with a difficult choice: to execute the philosopher Yeshua Ha-Nozri, who preaches humanism, or to incur the wrath of Caesar, whose power is “undeniable.” Cowardice takes over Pontius Pilate, and he signs the death warrant for the sage, although he himself is not happy with his decision. The price for this act was immortality and loneliness for two thousand years. The procurator's mistake was irreparable, but he realized what he had done and sincerely repented of punishing an innocent person. At the end of the novel, the Master and Pontius Pilate meet in eternal peace; Woland believes that the procurator has earned forgiveness and allows him to be released. Using the example of Pontius Pilate, Bulgakov shows us that we need to follow the call of conscience, only this can protect us from tragic mistakes.
Indeed, a person’s whole life is an eternal search for his place in life through trial and error. The main thing is that when a person makes mistakes, he accepts these mistakes, analyzes them, and thereby gains invaluable life experience.
Option 1
Granin says that the word is no less important “thing” than beliefs. Granin distinguishes two types of people: some are completely true to their word, others believe that a word is “just a word.” Many people who are not responsible for their words say: “Well, what a disaster, I didn’t accept it, didn’t do it, didn’t bring it.” People of this type do not value this word at all.
Similar situations are often played out in literature . Suffice it to recall the work of A.S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”. At the beginning of the story, the writer mentions the proverb: “Take care of your dress again, but take care of your honor from a young age.” This was the instruction given to Grinev by his father. In the future, we see how the main character Pyotr Grinev, despite difficulties, never breaks his father’s covenants and keeps his word.
Speaking about the problem of text, we can recall popular proverb: “Having given your word, hold on, but if you haven’t given it, be strong.” After all, if a person has given his word, then he must be responsible for it, must be strong and courageous. And if a person is not able to answer for his words, then he can only “strengthen himself.”
In the modern world this topic is still relevant , because now you rarely meet people who will be completely true to their word.
Option 2.
Is it always enough to be born a genius to become a great person? Or can one become a genius thanks to hard work? I think that it is precisely these problematic issues that N. Mikhailov raises in his text. The author is concerned about this problem, so he seeks to involve us in joint discussions.
In his text, Mikhailov talks about the phenomenon of genius. Science still cannot explain the nature of unique abilities. Some scientists believe that “indigo children” are born from marriage with aliens, others think that the appearance of such children is the result of a genetic failure. Also, as an argument, the author tells the story of an eight-year-old girl at risk of disability. Despite all this, she draws beautifully and learns foreign languages. Isn't this a miracle? Only “the source of the “miracle” here is the parents who did everything possible and probably impossible for their daughter.” At the end of the text, Mikhailov asks a rhetorical question: “Would the boy Sasha Pushkin have become a genius poet if he had not ended up in the lyceum?” It seems unlikely to me.
Agreeing with this point of view of the author, I will give an example the story of Mozart and Salieri from the tragedy of the same name by A.S. Pushkin. Both composers were talented, but Mozart worked all the time on his gift, improving his skills, while Salieri thought that talent alone was enough and there was no need to sit for hours at the instrument, bringing talent to perfection.
Speaking about the problem of the text, I want to talk about genius children in the modern world. Nowadays, many talented and gifted children are also born who could reach the top in various arts and sciences, but modern parents, due to lack of time, often do not notice the genius of their children. Teachers also treat this gift with indifference, and peers even laugh at those who stand out from the crowd. Therefore, having noticed such a child, we should not bury his talent in the ground, but, on the contrary, should contribute to the birth of genius from his talent.
The text by N. Mikhailov proposed for analysis prompted me to think about the enormous role of society in the formation of brilliant individuals, because sometimes it is society that tramples the sprouts of this talent into the ground.
Option 3
Is war capable of destroying the reserves of humanity in a person? Or is it in human nature to love even one’s enemy? It seems to me that V. Tendryakov raises precisely these problematic issues in his text. It is this moral problem that worries the author, which is why he seeks to involve us in joint reasoning.
In his text, V. Tendryakov describes fire in a German hospital. Despite the hostilities, at least a drop of compassion and empathy remains in people. “The tragedy taking place in plain sight was not alien to anyone,” writes the author. Tendryakov gives specific examples of how former enemies are able to come to each other’s aid. For example, Guard Captain Arkady Kirillovich, noticing how “a German with his head wrapped was trembling near his shoulder,” took off his warm sheepskin coat and handed it to the German. The author also tells us about the feat of a Tatar soldier who threw himself into the fire to save a disabled German.
Agreeing with this point of view of the author, I want to remember the work of V. Zakrutkin “Mother of Man”, which describes the events of the Second World War. Having occupied the farm in which Maria, the main character of the story, lived, her son Vasyatka and husband Ivan, the Nazis ruined everything, burned the farm, drove the people to Germany, and hanged Ivan and Vasyatka. Only Maria managed to escape. Alone, she had to fight for her life and for the life of her unborn child. Experiencing a burning hatred for the Nazis, Maria, having met a wounded young German, rushes at him with a pitchfork, wanting to avenge her son and husband. But the German, a defenseless boy, shouted: “Mom! Mother!" And the Russian woman’s heart trembled.
Speaking about the problem of text, I remember a scene from Leo Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace,” where the Russians and the French, who were bitter enemies at that time, joked and talked to each other. “After this, it seemed that it was necessary to unload the guns, detonate the charges, and everyone should quickly go home,” says the author. But this does not happen, and Tolstoy regrets that the “reserves of humanity” remained unused.
In conclusion, I want to say that the text by V. Tendryakov proposed for analysis prompted me to think about that in every person there is humanity, only some have more of it, some have less, and in difficult situations this humanity will always manifest itself.
Option 4.
Each person has his own specific goals and cherished dreams, which he strives for throughout his life, trying to achieve them in every possible way.
The author of the text proposed for analysis is concerned with the problem of hard work and, of course, the merits of this work.
V. Krasnov clearly shows us a vivid example from life - Alfred Nobel, an outstanding scientist and chemist, the author reflects on how, through what efforts Nobel achieved great fame and glory.
In this text, V. Krasnov focuses the reader’s attention not on the need to study various sciences, but on the great hard work of Alfred Nobel, who began his path to studying science in the ruins of a small workshop, showing the reader that Nobel achieved everything himself, thanks to his great love for labor and knowledge.
I completely agree with the opinion of the author of this text that a person’s hard work and desire play an important role in the life of a person himself, making his cherished dreams come true.
My point of view is confirmed in the work of I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov”. Where the main character of this work is Oblomov himself, he is a fairly smart person, but by nature he is very lazy, he has absolutely nothing to strive for, lying his life on an old sofa , and without thinking at all about what he acquired in this life and what he can leave behind. But this is very important! It is important that a person who has lived for more than a dozen years will leave behind him, what the next generation can think about, what he can do be proud.
Another example can be the well-known Russian scientist - naturalist, physicist, chemist and poet - Mikhail Lomonosov. Love for work and a great passion for knowledge led him to Moscow, 1132 kilometers from his home, he went completely alone, taking with him only a little money, “Grammar” and “Arichmetic”. Lomonosov was greedy for knowledge, and his favorite pastime was work, which made his dream come true, thanks to which Lomonosov became known throughout the world.
Thus, hard work plays a big role in the life of every person, it brings us the “sweet fruits” of life and makes everything impossible possible.
Why do some people betray others? What are they guided by? What is the fate of traitors? These are the questions that V. Nadyrshin answers.
Reflecting on given problem, the author gives the example of a hero given text, Dimona. At the very beginning of the text publicist(better: writer, the text is not journalistic, but artistic) emphasizes that Dimon did not immediately like the new guy and that boy(which of the two?) was completely calm when he learned about the upcoming “registration”. In addition, V. Nadyrshin, using the form of dialogue, shows us that flattery and praise were enough for the boy to decide to betray. The author very accurately conveys the internal state of the traitor, describing his feelings. He emphasizes that, even realizing that Dimon did not change his decision. Concluding his reasoning, the publicist shows that all his life the hero was tormented by his conscience for this betrayal and that all his life he dreamed of atonement for his guilt by accomplishing a feat, but for some reason the opportunity did not appear...
Firstly, it doesn’t matter what served as the pretext for the meanness. A traitor cannot be justified. Let us turn to the work of N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". Andriy, for the sake of the love of a charming Polish woman, betrayed not only his father and brother, but also his homeland. (in order not to doubt the signs, it is better to change the order of words: For the love of a charming polka Andriy betrayed not only his father and brother, but also his homeland.) It is not surprising that he remained misunderstood and that retribution was not long in coming.
Secondly, by betraying, a person consciously submits himself to be torn apart by his own conscience. Recently there was a talk on television about suicide. It turns out that one of the common causes of suicide is unbearable torment of conscience for the wrongdoings committed. They are so strong that a person cannot cope with them and sees only one way out - suicide.
I hope that after reading this text, the guys will think about this important problem and understand that you should never, under any pretext, become a traitor!
K1 problem statement | the problem is defined and formulated | 1 of 1 |
K2 comment on the problem | the comment reveals all aspects of the problem | 2 of 2 |
K3 position of the author | formulated | 1 of 1 |
K4 argumentation of your opinion on the problem | 2 arguments | 3 of 3 |
K5 integrity and consistency | There are no violations of paragraph division and logical errors | 2 of 2 |
K6 accuracy and expressiveness of speech | there are violations in the accuracy of expression of thoughts, speech errors | 1 of 2 |
K7 spelling | no errors | 3 of 3 |
K8 punctuation | 1 error | 3 of 3 |
K9 grammatical errors | no errors | 2 of 2 |
K10 speech errors | 2 errors | 1 of 2 |
K11 ethical standards | no errors | 1 of 1 |
K12 factual errors | no errors | 1 of 1 |
21 of 23 |
Library
materials
Writing an argumentative essay has always been a challenging task for most of our students. How to teach them to express their thoughts clearly, competently, and logically? How can I help them tackle Part C with confidence? How to organize your work so that you can calmly wait for the results of the Unified State Exam that you have already passed? I think these questions concern everyone. I offer you my solution to these problems.
Problem Statement
A problem is a question that interests the author of the source text and causes
his thoughts and reflections.
The problem can be formulated in two ways.
In the form of a question (the problem is the question that the author of the source text is discussing and which requires resolution).
The combination of the word problem with a noun used in the genitive case: problem (of what?).
Examples
How to find ways of relationships between people of different age generations and ideological positions? The text of the writer F.I.O. is devoted to this complex problem.
In the writer's text, full name. the problem of loneliness is raised.
Comment on the problem.
Comment – the writer’s reasoning about the highlighted problem. This is not a retelling, not a quotation, but an analysis of the author’s comprehension of logic in revealing the problem of this text.
There are two types of comments:
Textual – explaining the structure of the text, following the author in revealing the problem, which includes answers to the following questions:
What is the significance of these statements?
Whose opinions and statements does the author refer to? Why?
How, on what real-life material does the author reveal the problem?
2. Conceptual - the writer’s interpretation of the problem of the source text (consideration of its relevance and comparison of different points of view on this issue):
What category does this problem fall into (moral, environmental, philosophical, social, psychological)?
Is this problem relevant today?
How often do we encounter this problem?
Why did this problem attract the author's attention?
What aspect of this problem does the author consider?
Why is this problem considered eternal?
Who and in what situations have to face such a problem?
Is this problem traditional or new?
If traditional, then what points of view exist regarding it?
If new, what caused its appearance?
Speech cliches for introducing textual commentary:
To draw the attention of readers to this issue, full name. tells a story about ... (tells about ..., gives facts ...).
To better understand this pressing issue, full name. talks about... It’s especially sad (scary, interesting), according to the author, that...
Speech clichés for introducing conceptual commentary:
This problem is relevant today more than ever, and the famous writer (publicist, philosopher, critic, etc.) did not ignore it...
Indeed, the problem... is very serious and affects each of us. This question is raised quite often in the media. For example, we learn from the news that... All this, unfortunately, is the result of man’s irresponsible activity, his indifference to...
The relevance of this issue is beyond doubt. Psychologists have long proven... This is why the above problem is so often discussed in the media. The panelists are sure of one thing...
- source divided into micro-topics - sentences united by one thought and reflecting a certain aspect of the problem;
Highlight the main idea of each micro-topic;
Formulate this thought;
Write it down as a plan item.
Know that, unlike the journalistic style, the function of persuasion in the artistic style is secondary:
He draws images, pictures, thoughts, actions, actions with words in order to:
a) enable the reader to imagine the events described;
b) convey your emotions;
c) evoke reciprocal feelings and experiences;
In reasoning, the author’s position is always clear6 most often it is found in the thesis or conclusion. The characters act in the story. How do they work? What's happening to them? It is through the analysis of these situations that the author’s position is conveyed. There is no evidence in the description. We learn only about the characteristics of a particular object being described, so we need to pay attention to the most interesting characteristics, its properties, details - these are the author’s position.
Speech clichés for introducing a commentary on the author’s position:
Position Full name regarding the problem raised becomes clear only after a meaningful reading of the text.
Remember! For the first time in an essay, it is necessary to mention the name of the author of the text and who he is.
Evidence of your own point of view
Write everything you think about the issues raised in the text in this section.
Pay attention! Without evaluative words that help convey the impression of what you read, your position is not considered formulated!
I enjoyed reading...
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Leave your comment
To ask questions.
ARGUMENTATION OF OWN POSITION
PLEASE NOTE! It is not enough to just formally state your opinion:I agree (disagree) with the author.
Your position, even if it coincides with the author’s, must be formulated in a separate sentence.
For example: Thus, the author seeks to convey to the reader the idea that nature has long been in need of the help of each of us.I completely agree with the author and also believe that humanity should reconsider its consumer attitude towards nature.
Your position must then be supported by two arguments. In this part of the work, strictly follow the rules for constructing an argumentative essay.
Reasoning
Thesis
(a position that needs to be proven)
Argumentation
(evidence, arguments)
Conclusion
(Grand total)
Argumentation- this is the presentation of evidence, explanations, examples to substantiate any idea in front of listeners (readers) or interlocutors.
Arguments- this is evidence given in support of the thesis: facts, examples, statements, explanations - in a word, everything that can confirm the thesis.
An important element of the argument is illustrations, i.e. examples to support the argument. For example:
Thesis | A person’s speech is an indicator of his intellectual and moral development. |
Argument 1 | Indeed, sometimes speech will say more about a person than face, clothes and much more. |
Illustration for argument 1 | For example, among my close friends there are no people whose speech is peppered with rude words. I am convinced that every such word carries a “negative charge”. And who would want to hear something offensive to the ears from a loved one? |
Argument 2 | The author’s correctness is also confirmed by the experience of fiction. It is no coincidence that writers have always considered a character's speech as the most important way of characterizing him. |
Illustration for argument 2 | Let us at least remember Porfiry Golovlev, the hero of the novel by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin “Lords of the Golovlevs”. Judushka (that’s his nickname!) doesn’t use foul language at all; on the contrary, at every step he throws out “affectionate” diminutive words (“cabbage”, “lamp”, “maslitse”, “mama”). However, throughout his speech, the hypocritical soul of a man for whom there is nothing more valuable than money and property is revealed. |
Conclusion | Thus, nothing characterizes a person better than his speech. |
TYPES OF ARGUMENTS:
logical, or rational, - these are arguments that appeal to human reason, reason (scientific axioms, laws of nature, statistical data, examples from life and literature);
psychological arguments– arguments that evoke certain feelings, emotions in the addressee and form a certain attitude towards the person, object, phenomenon being described (emotional conviction of the writer, appeal to universal human values, etc.).
There are also other classifications arguments, for example:
rational (logical): real facts, statistics, laws of nature, provisions of official documents;
illustrative: specific examples from life, examples from works of art, speculative examples;
references to authority: opinions of prominent people, quotes from authoritative sources, eyewitness opinions, public opinion.
Various methods of argumentation are possible: supportive And refuting.
At supporting argument the student agrees with the author’s opinion and gives arguments confirming the author’s thesis. For example:
THESIS
The Russian language and Russian culture form an inextricable unity.
__________________________________________________________
Argument 1 Argument 2
The connection between language and culture is obvious to everyone. We must not forget that in
thinking person. It is no coincidence that D.S. Likhachev turning points in history
in the book of essays “Native Land” he called the language native speech, the native language becomes
the main wealth of the nation. In fact, the whole toation. In fact, all that spiritual support that
spiritual culture is unthinkable without language and speech and ensures the unity of the nation. Exactly
which not only create a special “cultural”, I.S. wrote about this. Turgenev in
layer", but also reflect the moral state of the prose poem "Russian Language"
people. (“Without you, how not to fall into despair
at the sight of what is happening at home").
Remember also the famous lines
poems by A. Akhmatova
"Courage", written in terrible
years of the Great Patriotic War:
“But we will save you, Russian speech,
great Russian word." It seems to me that in
this work is especially bright
the idea of the importance of Russian sounds
language for every Russian.
_______________________________________________________________
CONCLUSION
Yes, the Russian language is rich and magnificent,
and the task of each of us is to join
to this wealth and increase it.
At refuting argumentation the student does not agree with the author and, formulating his own position on the problem, puts forward a counterthesis (thesis opposite to the author’s), the truth of which he proves with two examples. For example:
Thesis: In war, the value of human life is realized.
Counterthesis: I cannot agree with the author: very often people who find themselves in inhumane conditions of war generally lose moral guidelines and cease to perceive life (especially that of others) as an unconditional value.
Argument 1: As an example, we can cite the people of the “lost generation” - this is what the West calls young front-line soldiers who fought in 1914 - 1918, regardless of the country for which they fought, and returned home morally or physically crippled. They are also called “unaccounted casualties of war.” After returning from the front, these people could not live a normal life again. After experiencing the horrors of war, everything else seemed petty and unworthy of attention to them.
Argument 2: Confirmation of my thoughts can be found in fiction. In 1930 – 1931, the German writer Erich-Maria Remarque created the novel “Return”, in which he talks about the return to their homeland after the First World War of young soldiers who can no longer live normally. Remarque describes the situation in which these people found themselves. When they returned, many of them found craters instead of their previous homes; most lost their relatives and friends. The war made them tough and cynical, destroying everything they previously believed in.
Conclusion: Thus, any war rather destroys all moral values than allows one to realize their significance. The history of two world wars serves as a dire warning for all those who think that war is just a nerve-wracking adventure that allows them to more acutely experience the fullness of life.
To prove the same thesis, you can use "arguments for a promise"(contain an indication of the positive consequences of accepting the thesis) or "arguments for the threat"(indicate the negative consequences of accepting or not accepting the thesis). For example:
Thesis
Good speech is an indicator of a person’s intellectual and moral development.
Argument to the promise
An opinion about a person is largely determined by the way he speaks. Good speech indicates well-readness, internal culture, and developed logic of thinking. For many specialties, oral and written communication skills are an indispensable condition for professional growth. Any manager, consultant, translator, secretary is required to be able to quickly and competently draw up documents, conduct business conversations, and answer phone calls. Thus, good speech will always help a person of any profession achieve success.
Argument to the threat
Confirmation of the author’s thoughts can be found in the article by D.S. Likhachev “Learning to speak and write.” Dmitry Sergeevich emphasizes that speech is an indicator of a person’s culture, and mentions people who do not speak, but “spit words.” In fact, behind these “spitting words” lies ordinary cowardice and spiritual emptiness. “Speak so that I can see you,” the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates aptly said. Indeed, each of us should think about how our interlocutors see us, what they hear in our speech.
Arguments worth 2 points:
examples from fiction;
examples from journalistic literature;
examples from scientific (popular science) literature.
When giving examples from journalistic or scientific (popular science) literature, do not forget to indicate not only the name of the author, but also the title of the note, article, essay and, if possible, the name of the publication in which this material was published. For example: 1. TV journalist Oleg Ptashkin reflects on the problem of the influence of television on modern Russian society in an article “Trash-TV” published on the websitewww
.
gazeta
.
ru
. According to the author, modern television in Russia is experiencing an acute crisis - a crisis of ideas and meaning. Those who create television programs do not think at all about the public benefit. The journalist is concerned that modern media promotes lack of spirituality and immorality, teaching people the idea that a normal life for the sake of family, children, and success at work is the lot of losers. The author is convinced that the main task of modern television is education: it should teach people to honor family, parents, and cultural traditions. Only then will television contribute to the revival of spirituality. 2. People who do not give in to life’s difficulties, who boldly face the truth, are the masters of their destiny. Historian Lev Gumilyov in his work “Ethnogenesis and the Biosphere of the Earth” called such people passionaries. Among them are many great historical figures, famous military leaders, fighters for freedom and human rights, and each of them contributed to the development of society.
Arguments worth 1 point:
examples from life;
own observations and conclusions;
speculative examples;
references to authorities;
proverbs and sayings, aphorisms (given without explanation);
examples from films.
Look more convincing observations of people's lives and society as a whole , since individual facts in such examples are generalized and drawn up in the form of certain conclusions: I believe that empathy and compassion are instilled in people from childhood. If a child was surrounded by care and affection, then, as he grows up, he will give this goodness to others.
Supposed examples are thoughts about what might happen under certain conditions: I cannot imagine my life without books: without textbooks that help us understand the world, without fiction that reveals the secrets of human relationships and shapes moral values. Such a life would be incredibly poor and boring.
ARGUMENT STRUCTURE
2. Logical transition: It is no coincidence that Russian writers and poets in their works repeatedly turned to the theme of the homeland and created amazing images of our homeland - Russia.
3. Argument: A.S. Pushkin, M.Yu. Lermontov, N.A. Nekrasov, S.A. Yesenin, A.A. Blok - all these poets showed readers Russia from different sides, with its advantages and disadvantages, but above all - with great love for their Fatherland. I especially remember the lines from the poem by S.A. Yesenina:
If the holy army shouts:
“Throw away Rus', live in paradise!”
I will say: “There is no need for heaven,
Give me my homeland."
4. Micro-output: This is probably one of the poet’s most striking declarations of love for his homeland, which should not leave us, citizens of Russia, indifferent.
TYPICAL ARGUMENTATION ERRORS
1 . There are no arguments. | The absence of arguments, as a rule, indicates ignorance of the requirements for an argumentative essay and inattentive reading of the assignment for part C. |
2 . The student’s “argument” does not develop the thesis, but paraphrases and repeats it(and therefore is not an argument). | It's hard to disagree with the author. I also believe that compassion is the most important quality of a person, because everyone should learn to help their neighbor and have compassion for them. |
3. Argumentation is replaced by an expression of one’s attitude towards the author, characters, and events of the source text. | I accept the author's position. I really liked the story about the horse described by Yu. Trifonov. It was a beautiful and free animal that everyone admired. The animal did not deserve the cruel reprisal that was inflicted on it. |
4. Own argumentation is replaced by an analysis of the arguments used by the author. Instead of giving his own examples, the student examines in detail the argumentation used by the author. Such reasoning is possible in a commentary or when presenting the author’s position, but will not be accepted by the expert as your argument. | I completely agree with the position of the author of the text: people do not always appreciate historical figures. Firstly, the author cites as an example the fate of the Russian commander Barclay de Tolly, who was not understood and not appreciated by his contemporaries. Secondly, the text tells the story of the titan Prometheus, who stole fire for people, from which they made stew.(Note the speech defect in the last sentence.) |
5. Deviation from the thesis manifests itself in the fact that the author of the essay, imperceptibly for himself, moves away from the idea he is proving, and begins to write about what he knows, and not about what needs to be proven. | I know that not all books are created equal. The covers of many of them are bright and colorful, they promise you unprecedented pleasure. In my opinion, all these promises will not lead to good things, and, as they say, there is only free cheese in a mousetrap. That's true. Such situations have happened in my life. Once they promised me a free prize. I believed in a miracle, but then I had to pay for everything. These are the prizes! ( Disappointment in the “free prize” turned out to be more important for the author of the essay than the logic of the presentation of thoughts.) |
6. The arguments do not correspond to the stated thesis. The lack of ability to construct a coherent, logically structured text often manifests itself in the fact that the essay turns into a certain set of thoughts that are practically unrelated to each other. | I completely share the author’s opinion: a person who cares not only about himself is unlikely to ever be left alone. I can cite the example of the famous writer Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. During his lifetime he was a count; in his youth he was characterized by familiarity and frivolity. But over the years, people change and accumulate life “baggage”. Towards the end of his life, dramatic changes occurred in his consciousness: he began to live modestly, there were no paintings on the walls. The house lacked the previous rich decoration, but the main thing was that this man was constantly working on himself.(Please note that the author of the essay uses the facts of Tolstoy’s biography very freely, and, in addition, the given “facts” do not confirm the stated thesis.) |
7. Ethically incorrect presentation of arguments. Sometimes, when entering into an argument with the author, students show disrespect for the position of the interlocutor, which significantly reduces the persuasiveness of the arguments and leads to the loss of points for violation of ethical correctness. | So I’ve been sitting on the Internet at home for about a year and in a comfortable chair loading my brain with useful information, and not running around like this author through dusty and inconvenient libraries, choose the Internet yourself or sit in an inconvenient library.(We deliberately preserved the spelling and punctuation of the author of the essay. Judge for yourself: is there really that much useful information “downloaded” into his brain?) |
TYPICAL ERRORS OF STUDENTS IN ARGUMENTATION
Let's look at some examples of unsuccessful argumentation of the thesis “Works of mass literature have a negative impact on human spiritual development”.
Example from an essay |
- Anton Siluanov, Minister of Finance
- Protection of consumer rights: insurance contract - legal services of the Legas company Protection of rights under an insurance contract
- Consolidated register of the territorial body of the federal treasury
- Why are whales interesting? What do whales hear? The closest relatives of whales are hippos