Audio engineer. Founded his own company
no..I’m hot..I’m sitting in shorts and a T-shirt and eating ice cream...I don’t remember the last time I was cold:)))) my body is like that:)))
beer will freeze at -5....hold it for 5-6 hours
There is a condition when there is severe stress... the so-called cold sweat, when you seem to be shaking from the cold, but you are all wet
This means the depth of the well is more than half a meter. Ground temperature +4 degrees. “warm” water rises and prevents it from freezing on the surface.
if I meet a coachman I know, and even if I don’t know him, I’ll still ask if he freezes when he’s sober...
Do you know what my childhood dream is? To build the largest and best rehabilitation center for animals......as a child, this dream warmed me, but now I understand that it is practically impossible to fulfill it......The topic of animals is the most relevant for me, and at the same time sick at the same time.....My boyfriend, when we just started dating, was afraid to rent an apartment because he claimed that all the animals I met on my way would live with us........Damn, I had to grow up... .sometimes pretend that everything is ok, and look away from his eyes full of tears, although he knows anyway... But I can say with confidence that I will not pass by a dying animal, no matter what the cost.... Many people say that this is stupid, perhaps... but it is.
40% -28.9C.
56% -36C.
Yes, you don’t need to freeze it, but drink it))
In winter, it is best to fill the engine with synthetic oil marked 0W30, 0W40 or 5W40. You can use slightly less frost-resistant, but cheaper semi-synthetic or hydrocracking oil 5W40. Inexpensive mineral oils 10W40, 15W40 and others are optimal for spring, summer and early autumn.
It's not that simple. A water-ethyl solution does not have an exact freezing point. The ice from the water begins to freeze. The alcohol level in the remaining solution increases. The freezing point of the solution will already be lower.. And in this way it will reach the freezing point of pure alcohol. A hundred and something there..
There is a way to purify moonshine - freezing. Water with all sorts of impurities freezes, and the alcohol is poured off. Only it freezes not in pieces, but in ice porridge.
40-degree temperatures begin to thicken somewhere around -27 degrees. Maybe earlier. Depends on the presence of freezing catalysts in the bottle. Around which ice will freeze. Dye for example... all sorts of impurities.
I express my gratitude to V.V. Akimov for his help in substantiating the post with links to sources of information used about unprecedented cold snaps. So, the links:
Chronicle of the Byzantine Theophanes from Diocletian to the kings Michael and his son Theophylact (can be downloaded on my former website, below the bases)
http://livehistory.ru/forum.html?func=view&catid=18&id=6
Vardapet Ayrivansky chronograph
http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus11/Mhitar/frametext1.htm
Chronograph Russian
Retelling of the book by E.P. Borisenkov, V.M. Pasetsky “The Thousand-Year Chronicle of Extraordinary Natural Phenomena”
http://www.randewy.ru/gml/meteo11.html
"Climatology" page on Igor Garshin's website.
http://garshin.ru/evolution/geology/geological-evolution.html
Vadim Vadimovich kindly points to the following sites:
- “Byzantine Chronicle”
http://www.anapa-oskar.ru/ch1_upominanij_o_severo_vostochnom_prichernomore-11.html
Http://www.stengazeta.net/article.html?article=1977
http://gochs.info/p85.htm
AND NOW TO THE ESSENCE OF THE QUESTION
In my database of catastrophic events, there are 51 reports of severe cold events and 107 reports of severe frosts. But the greatest interest is evidence of the freezing of the southern seas - the Black, Adriatic and Mediterranean, as well as the Nile Delta and the non-freezing soda Lake Van (Hlatskoye Sea).
The problem is that these record cold snaps recorded in chronicles, chronicles and chronographs do not coincide with scientific data. 11 of the 14 winters in which freezing of the southern seas is documented are outside the Little Ice Age. Here is the chart for this period.
And here is the evidence; 79% of evidence is in the “temperature optimum”.
401 in the winters of 401 and 801 the waves of the Black Sea “hardened”
696 The Khlat sea is frozen
739 Severe winters also occurred in 739, when the Bosphorus froze
742 “And the winter was fierce: the Pontic Sea froze by 30 cubits”
762 (l. m. 6255, r. h. 755) part of the sea one hundred miles from the shore turned into stone thirty cubits deep, and the same happened from Zikkhia to the Danube, from the Kufis river to the Dniester and Dnieper and to the Dead gates, from all other shores to Mesimvria and Media
763 In the winter of 763-764, the Black Sea froze completely: it was possible to ride a sleigh on the thick ice, “like on land”
801 in the winters of 401 and 801 the waves of the Black Sea “hardened”
829 ice bound the Nile Delta
859 The Adriatic Sea was so frozen that it was possible to walk to Venice
1010 - 1011 Terrible cold reached Africa, where the lower reaches of the Nile River were covered with ice
1011 The waters of the Black Sea were frozen, even the Bosphorus froze. When the cold wave reached North Africa, even the Nile River was covered with ice.
1210 -1211 in Venice, carts walked along the frozen Adriatic Sea
1326 the entire Mediterranean Sea froze
1601 sleigh rides across the Black Sea to Constantinople
1709, in the vicinity of Venice, the Adriatic Sea became covered with “standing ice”
1754 canals froze in Venice, ice in the Black Sea straits area
There are 18 dates in total: 401, 696, 739, 742, 762, 763, 764, 801, 829, 859, 1010, 1011, 1210, 1211, 1326, 1601, 1709, 1754. However, there are slightly fewer winters on these dates - only 14 - for an obvious reason: winters span two calendar years.
And 11 out of 14 of these winters, that is, 79%, occur in the so-called. “medieval temperature optimum” is an exceptionally warm period. This is what the top graph looks like compared to the trend in the dates of major cold snaps recorded in the chronicles.
Thus, there is a serious conflict between the data of scientists, glaciologists and climatologists, on the one hand, and the data of historians, on the other.
Not long ago, a fairly powerful agency, the IPCC, became involved in this conflict. Here is a quote from Wikipedia.
“...known as the second climatic optimum, the medieval climatic optimum. The existence of this period in the Northern Hemisphere (Europe and Siberia) in the 8th-13th centuries with temperatures more than 1°C higher than modern ones (in Greenland - up to 2°C) is not in doubt.
A number of experts dispute global warming during the minor optimum. For example, the position of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) changed from recognizing to not recognizing the medieval optimum between 1990 and 2001 (see comparison of temperature graphs from IPCC reports on the right). One of the leading proponents of the theory of anthropogenic global warming (AGW), Michael Mann, wrote on June 4, 2003: “It would be good to try to limit the imaginary medieval warm period, although we do not yet have a hemispheric temperature reconstruction for that time.” Critics of the AGP argue that proponents of the theory have unreasonably underestimated the temperatures of the medieval warm period in order to declare modern temperatures to be unprecedentedly high."
Suspicions about the political bias of the IPCC have existed for a long time. Conclusions about humanity's contribution to carbon dioxide levels are certainly speculative. The gross (already recognized) errors of the IPCC in expert assessments of the melting of the Himalayan glaciers also cause bewilderment. It seems very likely that this structure to some extent serves the interests of large financial structures in Europe.
However, I think the IPCC will win, glaciologists will be forced to reconsider their views on the medieval “temperature optimum”, and the consequences of this for us are difficult to predict.
But abnormally cold winters are not such rare guests in human memory. At least in the chronicles there is often talk about “extraordinary phenomena.”
For example, there is evidence of an unusually harsh winter in Scythia, where, according to data collected by Academician E.V. Oppokov, in 355 snow covered the ground with a layer of seven cubits. The frosts were so severe that the wine in the vessels froze. The cold weather returned 11 years later. The Rhine froze, and the ice was so thick and strong that columns of troops crossed it. A severe winter was also observed in 370, followed by a sultry, dry summer. Droughts in Western Europe had especially catastrophic consequences in the second half of the 5th century, when trees and vineyards dried up due to lack of rain, and rivers became shallow, ponds and streams dried up.
Winters 441/42-442/43. were unusually cold and prolonged.
At the turn of the 4th and 5th centuries, severe cold struck Byzantium. The entire Black Sea froze. As the chronicler wrote, ice “walked in mountains” through the streets of Constantinople for 30 days.
Exceptional cold struck Europe in 717-718. They covered the south of Russia, the Balkans, and Asia Minor. There was snow in Constantinople for 100 days. Severe winters occurred in 739, when the Bosporus froze, and in 761, when snow covered Europe in places, and in 763-764, when the Black Sea and the Dardanelles were covered with a 75-centimeter layer of ice. And in May 787, it was cold in Europe, it was snowing and birds froze in flight and fell to the ground.
Perhaps one of the most severe winters for the south of Russia and Byzantium was in 742. Here is how it was described in the “Russian Chronograph”:
“And the winter was fierce: the Pontic Sea froze 30 cubits, and snow fell on it 20 cubits” (ibid., 131).
In the third quarter of the 11th century. Chroniclers first noted an unusually harsh snowy winter (1067), during which Izyaslav, Svyatoslav and Vsevolod undertook a campaign against the western Russian lands.
According to the legends of the chroniclers, in the winters of 401 and 801 the waves of the Black Sea “hardened.” And in “859 the Adriatic Sea was so frozen that it was possible to walk to Venice.” In 1010 - 1011, frosts shackled the Turkish Black Sea coast. Terrible cold reached Africa, where the lower reaches of the Nile River were covered with ice.
In 1210-1211, the Po and Rhone rivers froze. In Venice, wagon trains walked across the frozen Adriatic Sea.
In 1322, the Baltic Sea was covered with such a thick layer of ice that people traveled by sleigh from Lübeck in Denmark to the shores of Pomerania.
In 1316, all the bridges in Paris were destroyed by ice.
In 1326, the entire Mediterranean Sea froze.
In 1365, the Rhine was covered with ice for three months.
In 1407-1408, all Swiss lakes froze.
In 1420 there was a terrible death rate from the cold in Paris; wolves ran into the city to devour the corpses lying unburied on the streets.
In 1468, wine in the cellars of Burgundy froze.
In 1558, an entire army of 40,000 men was camped on the frozen Danube, and in France frozen wine was sold in pieces by the weight.
There is more accurate information about the cold weather of the 18th century thanks to the invention of the thermometer.
For example, in 1709 it was -24 degrees in Paris for many days; the wine froze in the cellars and the bells cracked when ringing.
So recent years are not so unique in terms of natural anomalies.
; The source is taken to be the Kager, or Alexander Nile, a tributary of Lake Victoria Nyanza, from which the Quivir, or Somerset Nile, flows to the North. The latter forms the Ripon waterfalls, passes through the lakes: Gita-Ntsige and Kodzha, at Mruli (here the depth is 3 - 5 m, the width is from 900 - 1,000 meters) turns to the North to Fovera, from here to the West, forms the Karin and Murchison waterfalls (36 meters high) and 12 rapids, rolls down to the second terrace, flowing into Lake Albert at Magungo. From the south, the Isango River, or Zemlyki, flows from Albert Edward Lake, the 3rd source of the Nile, flows into Nyanza. From Lake Albert (2.5° north latitude) the Nile emerges under the name Bar el-Jebel to the North (400 - 1,500 meters wide), navigable only to Dufile, then cuts through the 2nd terrace, forms 9 rapids, and descends at Lado 200 meters to the east and loses the character of a mountain river. Of the tributaries along this route, the Nile receives the river. Assua and many mountain rivers; forming many channels and branches, constantly meandering, the Nile slowly flows north to 9°21`, receives Bar-al-Ghazal from the West and turns to the East. During the rains, the Nile turns the valley north of Gaba-Shambe into a lake 100 kilometers wide, after which the grass grows so thick that it often forces the Nile to change direction. The entire plain between the Nile and its Seraph branch forms the Upper Nile region. Having traveled 150 kilometers to the East and united with Seraph, the Nile accepts the Sobat River, it comes towards him and forces him to turn to the northwest; here the Nile takes the name Bar el-Abiad, that is, the Nile (the Transparent Nile itself), flows at a distance of 845 kilometers in a northerly direction and connects at Khartoum (15 ° 31 north latitude) with Bar el-Azrek, or the Blue Nile (Muddy Nile). The latter begins in Abyssinia (10°55`) at an altitude of 2,800 meters under the name Abai, flows into Lake Tana, exits (200 meters wide, 3 meters deep) from the southern side of the lake, goes around the mountainous country of Gojam and turns to 10° northern latitude to the northwest - along this length it takes Gemma and Didessa on the left, Dinder (560 kilometers in length) and Raat on the right.
The Blue Nile supplies Egypt with fertile silt and produces annual . The waters of Azrek and Abiad, united in one channel under the common name Nile, flow through the low plateau (330 meters) of Libya. The Nile is navigable up to 17° north latitude, here it receives the last tributary of the Atbaru (1,230 kilometers in length), navigation stops at 1,800 km, and the rapids begin all the way to Aswan: the fifth rapid consists of 3 rapids between Shendi and Elkab, the 4th of seven rapids ( 75 km long) between the island of Mograt and Mount Barkal, the 3rd between the island of Argo and Gerindid, the 2nd, the largest of the 9, between the island of Dal and Vadigalfa, the 1st between the island of Philae and Assouan. The fall of the river along this length is 250 meters, at Aswan the Nile flows at an altitude of 101 meters above sea level, so that for the remaining 1,185 kilometers to the mouth there is a 101 meter fall. The width of the Nile on this route often changes: at Shandi it is 165 meters, above the mouth of Atbara it is 320 meters, below the fifth cataract it is 460 meters, north of Wadigalfa the Nile becomes wider, and between Esne and its width is from 500 to 2,200 meters. The width of the valley between Abu Hammed and Edfu is from 500 - 1,000 meters. North of Edfu, the Nile widens to 3 kilometers, and to Cairo its width ranges from 4 to 28 kilometers. In Damer, the Nile changes its direction, goes around Bayudskaya on 3 sides, in the shape of the letter “S”, and cuts through the mountains of the Nubian steppe; The curves of the Nile above Corosco are explained by the special arrangement of sandstone layers. From 27° north latitude, the Yusuf (Joseph) Canal flows next to the Nile, a remnant of ancient Egyptian water works, with numerous side canals, and flows in the North into Lake Fayum, which is of great importance for the proper distribution of water into the Nile. To the northwest of Cairo (10 m above sea level) the delta begins, reaching 270 kilometers in width near the sea. The Nile below Shubra was divided into 7 branches according to the ancients (Peluzsky, Talitsky, Mendezsky, Bukolsky, or Fatnichesky, Sebenitsky, Bolbitinsky and Kanopsky), and now only into Rosetta and Damiutsky. East The Kanopian and western Pelusian branches were the most important in ancient times. The most important of the canals, Mamudiysky, connecting Alexandria with the Rosetta branch, 77 kilometers long, 30 meters wide, built by Megmet Ali; the short Menufsky (Bar el-Farunya) connects the Damietsky and Rosetta branches from the south. Tanitsky was turned into the Mul Canal, Pelussky into Abu el-Menegsky. The surface of the delta is 22,194 square kilometers, the length of all channels is 13,440 kilometers. The length of the entire Nile, counting the Alexander Nile as the beginning, is 5,940 kilometers. The distance from the headwaters to the mouth in a straight line is 4,120 kilometers.
The lower reaches of the Nile had an advantage due to the proximity of the sea, but here the river has no tributaries at all, while the middle Nile is rich in them.
Neil's way of eating: mostly rainy. The river receives most of its water from its numerous tributaries.
Inhabitants of the Nile: The most common inhabitants of the waters of the Nile and its banks are Nile and Natal frogs, turtles, crocodiles and Nile perch.
Freezing: doesn't freeze.
In Egyptian language, Pharaoh means Sun. There was a tradition of “chronicle rivers Nile" It continues to this day in Egypt. These chronicles were based on the fact that between the Sun and river Nile"There is a constant dialogue." The pharaohs worshiped the Sun. They... are healthy. Children born within 45 years, when the Sun is aging, cannot boast of excellent health. Sacred Records rivers Nile showed that over the course of 45 years, when the Sun was getting younger—experiencing its adolescence—the water level was rising. AND...
https://www.site/journal/1966
Monsoon rains become very stormy and fast, and the fertile soil is carried away by the waters of Krishna to the delta region. River Krishna is named after Lord Krishna, the main, eternal being among all living beings who are his particles, through... “Krishna” is translated from Sanskrit as “all-attractive”, this is the original name of God. Like Ganga, Krishna is sacred to Hindus river. Ritual bathing in its waters, according to Hindus, cleanses and washes away all sins. Delta Krishna is one of the most...
https://www.site/journal/146639
I still don’t understand how I started participating there and with whom... After the start of the first stage, we got lost.... River evolved into river my childhood.... The place where we swam.... My partner and I swam inside the island... There seemed to be rubble there... for the fact that we would not make it to the second stage... I was oriented topographically... . I knew how the island was located.. Channels... And according river I had my bearings.. I knew (from childhood) where the riffles, turns, currents were..... We got lost all night... And in the morning we finally swam out...
https://www..html
And the greatest prophets, awakening people, illuminating the sources where they fall. There are many obstacles on a person's path River Life. There are rocks and rapids that cause suffering; there are creeks and pools that stop you on the Path. There are more... religions have created huge backwaters where huge masses of people swirl in a slow whirlpool. An artificial dam is being created to fence off part of the Rivers- these are churches, temples, monasteries, ashrams... There is no forward movement, no development, there is only the desire to find...