Enclave is a term for an encyclopedic collection. The most famous enclaves around the world Sovereign enclave outside Europe
What are Enclave and Exclave
Enclave is a geographical term that refers to countries whose territory is completely surrounded by the borders of another state.
What is an enclave in geography in simple words with examples.
An enclave is a small country or territory that is entirely within the territory of another country. The best example of an enclave is the Vatican. As you can see in the picture below, the Vatican is located almost in the center of Rome, Italy. However, this does not prevent it from remaining a separate administrative unit with its own rules and laws.
For reference: The Vatican is the smallest officially recognized state in the world.
What is the difference between an enclave, exclave and semi-enclave?
Quite often, along with the term “enclave,” you can hear two other terms: exclave and semi-enclave. All these terms are closely related to each other in the basic concept and differ only in the details of positioning and territory ownership. To make it easier for us to understand the meaning of these words, we should take a closer look at what an exclave is and what a semi-enclave is.
- Exclave- is dependent ( belonging to some country) a region that, for some reason, is territorially distant from the parent state and is completely surrounded by one or more countries. An example is the Kaliningrad region of Russia. In fact, this territory is part of the Russian Federation, but it is located quite far from the main part of Russian territory. It should be noted that enclaves as a general concept are most often exclaves.
- Semi-enclave or semi-exclave- this is a part of the territory that is not completely surrounded by other states and has its own access to the sea. It follows from this that the Kaliningrad region of Russia, mentioned as an example, is actually a semi-exclave, since in the west it is washed by the Baltic Sea.
In cases where the enclave is an exclave, the parent state enters into agreements with the countries surrounding this remote territory. Such agreements contain guarantees that the citizens of the exclave will not be isolated from the world and will have the opportunity to travel and foreign trade. In addition, sometimes some military aspects are included in the agreements, such as airspace protection and the like.
Sometimes it happens that if the residents of an enclave or exclave have adopted the culture and language of the country around them, then they can lobby for their interests in merging with this state into one whole.
How and why do enclaves appear?
There is simply no simple and unambiguous answer to this question. There can be hundreds of different reasons for the formation of enclaves, however, we will try to give examples of the most common ones.
Many enclaves were formed when official national boundaries were drawn up, sometimes resulting in people of a different nationality trapped within the borders of a foreign country. This often led to political upheaval, as people in an enclave could be cut off from their mother nation. In such cases, decisions were made in favor of giving such people the opportunity to form their own dwarf state. This problem-solving method relieved the tension between different cultures and peoples.
In many former colonies, enclaves exist in large numbers. In India, for example, there are more than 80 Bangladeshi enclaves. As can be seen from this example, the emergence of such formations was caused by colonial or aggressive wars of the past.
Sometimes there are cases of the formation of informal enclaves, which arise due to the accumulation of emigrants of the same nationality in a section of the territory of a certain state. As an example, consider San Francisco's Chinatown, known as Chinatown. In the full sense of the term, it cannot be called an enclave, but in rare cases this definition is applied to the designation of clustered religious or ethnic groups within a larger locality.
Categories: , // fromThe state of Lesotho is completely surrounded by the territory of the Republic of South Africa.
The dwarf and smallest officially recognized state in the world is the Vatican within the territory of Rome, associated with Italy.
Llivia (cat. Llívia) is a territory of Spain surrounded on all sides by French territory.
The city-commune and Italian municipality of Campione d'Italia (Italian: Campione d "Italia) in Switzerland. The Kaliningrad region is a subject of the Russian Federation, borders on Poland, Lithuania and is washed in the west by the Baltic Sea.
All these exes hawse EU words clave, an clave, ex clave, have the same root and have almost the same meaning in translation. So what is the difference, how do they differ in their “legal status”?
Enclave (French enclave from Latin in clavatus
- “closed, locked, prisoner”) - part of the territory of the state, completely surrounded by the territory of another state.
Parts of a state that are completely surrounded by another country are called complete enclaves. The concept of territory includes both land territory and territorial waters.
The concept of “enclave” applies to states only if they are completely surrounded by another (one) country and do not have access to the sea. In this case, the concept of “exclave” does not apply at all. There are three such states: the Vatican and San Marino inside Italy, Lesotho inside South Africa. The Order of Malta, which owns an enclave territory inside Italy, also has a number of signs of statehood.
The Kingdom of Lesotho is classified as an enclave state. Before independence in 1966, Basutoland was a British protectorate. But there is no information under whose protectorate the bowels of Lesotho are now located... (Two diamond-bearing pipes in Lesotho - Letseng-la-terae and Kao - are among the ten largest in the world, in the first of them large jewelry diamonds of the highest quality were found. In total, 17 kimberlite pipes were discovered in the country) Lesotho is a poor African country. She is saved by her happy neighborhood with South Africa, where residents of the Kingdom go for seasonal work.
So, even if a country is classified as an “independent enclave,” additional information from international treaties is needed, which is usually not widely publicized.
Exclave (from Latin ex - from + clavis - “key”) - “non-sovereign region”, separated from the main territory of the country and surrounded by other states (one or more)
. The same territory is an exclave for the country to which it belongs and an enclave for the country to which it does not belong. The exception is a pure exclave - a non-sovereign region separated from the main territory of the country and surrounded by more than one state.
Thus exclave
- non-sovereign territory of a certain country outside its territories. This lands "excluded" for some reason
.
C is an exclave of country B in country A, surrounded by the territory of country A. It is also an enclave of country A.
Islands are not considered enclaves. Exceptions are rare cases where the islands are completely surrounded by the territorial waters of another state.
Pure enclaves-exclaves are initially landlocked territories!
An exclave that has access to the sea is called a semi-exclave.
According to maritime law, blocking access to the semi-exclave by the navies of other countries is not allowed. The last UN Convention on the Law of the Sea was consolidated and formulated in 1982. Came into effect on November 16, 1994.
Dark green color - countries where it is ratified; light green signed but not ratified; gray color not signed.
More complex patterns of relationships between territorial units (countries, states, counties, municipalities, etc.)…
Territory A: has 3 "excluded territories" that are in "territorial esclavitud - slavery" (A1, A2 and A3): it is impossible to travel from the main part of A to any of these parts; however:
A1 and A2 are not enclaves: neither of them is surrounded by just one “foreign” territory;
A3 is an enclave: it is completely surrounded by B;
Territory A contains an enclave on its territory (E): this is a “foreign” territory, it is completely surrounded by territory A;
In turn, within the territory (E) there are 2 counter-enclaves or second-order enclaves (A4 and A5): these are territories that belong to territory A
In addition, territory A contains a third-order enclave (E1).
Area B: contains 2 enclaves (A3 and D).
Territory C: Continuous territory.
Territory D: is an enclave territory: it is territorially contiguous, but its territory is completely surrounded by one "foreign" territory (B).
Territory E: is an enclave territory: it is inside A; contains 2 enclaves (A4 and A5), which are counter-enclaves of A; has 1 counter-enclave (E1), located inside A5.
The word enclave is “French” and first appeared in legal treaties in the mid-15th century. It comes from the verb en claver
- for turn on
(contract-word).
Wikipedia indicates the French origin of the word; I think this word was understood without translation by not only the French.
Latin cognates:
clavator, clavatōris m. Chapter
= wand-bearer, mace-bearer, etc. carrying a fencing cane, stick or club.
clava, ae f.
stick
club, mace, rod, staff, stick.
fencing cane
clavus
I m.
nail key
steering wheel, helm
purple stripe on tunic
If there is a clavus - a purple stripe on the tunic - is it a "leader"?
Liturgical vestments
Liturgical vestments include items of liturgical vestments that all clergy wear during divine services, until the Second Vatican Council, subdeacons, acolytes, readers, exorcists and ostiarii, i.e. all minor ranks also wore the vestments assigned to them, in modern times they are worn by acolytes and readers , as well as ministers, that is, laypeople helping during divine services. The bishop wears the same vestments as the priest and deacon. The term enclave in property law denoted the disadvantageous position of a certain plot of land surrounded by territory belonging to another owner. In this case, the exploitation and use of the enclave plot could not be carried out without crossing someone else's land. In legislative practice, this created the term servitude - slavery, service; which was received by the owner of the territory that surrounded the enclave-enclave.
The first diplomatic document containing the word enclave enclave was the Treaty of Madrid, signed in 1526 - an agreement between the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and the King of France Francis I. (There were several Treaties of Madrid in 1526, 1750, 1880, 1891)
Later, the term enclave came to be used to refer to sections of countries, districts, fiefs, communities, cities, parishes, etc., that were surrounded by foreign territory.
In English theology, subnational enclaves were known under the term peculiars (Royal Peculiar)
Royal Peculiar
Royal Peculier
- a parish church exempt from the jurisdiction of the diocese in which it is located and subject to the direct jurisdiction of the monarch. Peculiar "peculiar", cognate with French peculier means personal guardianship - guardianship of the monarch
.
Enclave
Question
Which is correct: Kaliningrad region - an “enclave” or an “exclave”?
Ankla/ V (enclave) (from French enclave, from late Latin inclavere - I lock with a key; Latin clavis - key). In international law enclave- territory or part of the territory of a state, surrounded on all sides by the territory of some other state. For example, the Republic of San Marino in Italy. If an enclave has a seashore, then it is called semi-enclave. East Prussia was a semi-enclave in the period 1919-1939. The Kaliningrad region is also a semi-enclave, since on all sides the territory of this region is surrounded by the territory of other states and the region has a seashore (port). In lay language, the Kaliningrad region is called an enclave.
Excla/ V (from Latin ex - outside, clavis - key) - part of the territory of the state, geographically distant from the main one and surrounded by the territory of other countries.
To be terminologically precise, the Kaliningrad region for Russians is exclave, and for other countries (and as an object of international law) – enclave. But in everyday life it is correct to call the Kaliningrad region an enclave.
See on the Internet: “Kaliningrad exclave; Kaliningrad exclave and the European mainland(RG); To whom is an enclave, and to whom - an exclave (the title of an article by A. Privalov in the magazine "Expert" 21.08.2001);
“How long will our respected press call us exclave ! This, of course, is not swearing, but children are reading you! Yes, there is no such word in Russian! Eat enclave ! To anyone who finds the word in any Russian language dictionary exclave - I’m putting down the restaurant! Journalists - preserve the Russian language, and without you there will be someone to distort it. Vasilich.
Vasilich, thank you for the restaurant, but you probably did it in the heat of the moment, so I don’t insist. Both words " enclave " And " exclave "is in any good explanatory dictionary: Exclave - a separate part of the territory, geographically isolated from the main part of its state and surrounded by foreign territory. Exclave lat.Ex - outside + Clavis - key Enclave - part of the territory of a foreign state, surrounded by the territory of its own state. Enklave lat.En - inside + Clavis - key Accordingly, in relation to Russia, Kaliningrad is exactly exclave . And it was journalists who finally helped politicians find the correct definition of our region. On the contrary, I was always offended when respected Yu.S. Matochkin called Kaliningrad an enclave of Russia in Europe
Don't argue guys! As a geographer, I note: the main difference enclave from exclave is that exclave - not just a territory surrounded from its own state by the territories of other states, but also having access to the sea! That is, our region is precisely exclave .
It seems to me, Julia, that enclave (exclave ), having access to the sea, is called semi-enclave (semi-exclave ).
I wonder what the word enclave first recorded in the Dictionary of Foreign Words, ed. I. V. Lekhin and F. N. Petrova (M., 1964). There is also an article in TSB (Vol. 2) enclave, and in volume 30 there is a reference article enclave, and here are the articles exclave not even in this extensive encyclopedia.
For the first time the word exclave recorded in the “Big Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language,” ed. S. A. Kuznetsova (St. Petersburg, 1998).
Right
as an object of international law and in relation to other countries, the Kaliningrad region – enclave, or rather - semi-enclave. For the Russian side, the Kaliningrad region - exclave. In journalism, in everyday life it is correct – an enclave.
Dictionary of difficulties of the Russian language. Yu. A. Belchikov, O. I. Razheva. 2015 .
Synonyms:See what an “enclave” is in other dictionaries:
ENCLAVE- [fr. enclave Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
enclave- a, m. enclave f. 1. In international law, territory or part of the territory of a state, surrounded on all sides by the territory of a state. another state and does not have a sea coast. BAS 2. He does not require the Austrian Chancellor... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language
Enclave- territory or part of the territory of a state, surrounded on all sides by the territory of any other state. If an enclave has a seashore, it is called a semi-enclave. Dictionary of business terms. Akademik.ru. 2001... Dictionary of business terms
ENCLAVE- (enclave) (French enclave from Latin inclavo I lock with a key), territory or part of the territory of one state, surrounded on all sides by the territory of another state (for example, Lesotho). If an enclave has access to the sea, it is called a semi-enclave... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Enclave- (enclave) (French enclave, from Latin inclavo I lock with a key) territory or part of the territory of one state, surrounded on all sides by the territory of another state (for example, Lesotho). If an enclave has access to the sea, it is called a semi-enclave... ... Political science. Dictionary.
ENCLAVE- (French enclave, from Latin inclavo I lock) a part of the territory of one state, completely surrounded by the land territory of another or several states. The presence of A. entails certain international legal consequences related, for example... Legal dictionary
ENCLAVE- (enclave) (French enclave), part of the territory of a state, surrounded on all sides by the territory of another state and not having access to the sea (sea coast). If there is a seashore, the territory is called a semi-enclave (for example... ... Modern encyclopedia
ENCLAVE- territory or part of the territory of a country surrounded on all sides by the territory of another state; also used to designate a business that destroys a monopoly, Raizberg B.A., Lozovsky L.Sh., Starodubtseva E.B.. Modern economic dictionary ... Economic dictionary
Enclave- enclave (French enclave, from late Latin inclavo I lock with a key: Latin clavis key), in international law, a territory or part of the territory of a state, surrounded on all sides by the territory of some other state (for example, ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
ENCLAVE- ENCLAVE, huh, husband. (specialist.). Part of the territory of a state, surrounded on all sides by the territory of other states and having no access to the sea. | adj. enclave, oh, oh. Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
Question
Correctly: Kaliningrad region - enclave or exclave?
- Ankla in (enclave) (from French. enclave, from late lat. inclavere- I lock it with a key; lat. clavis- key). In international law enclave- territory or part of the territory of a state, surrounded on all sides by the territory of some other state. For example, the Republic of San Marino in Italy. If an enclave has a seashore, then it is called semi-enclave. East Prussia was a semi-enclave in the period 1919-1939. The Kaliningrad region is also a semi-enclave, since on all sides the territory of this region is surrounded by the territory of other states and the region has a seashore (port). In lay language, the Kaliningrad region is called an enclave.
- Excla in (from lat. ex– outside, clavis- key) - part of the territory of a state, geographically remote from the main one and surrounded by the territory of other countries.
To be terminologically precise, the Kaliningrad region for Russians is exclave, and for other countries (and as an object of international law) – enclave. But in everyday life it is correct to call the Kaliningrad region an enclave.
Cm .
on the Internet: “Kaliningrad exclave; Kaliningrad exclave and the European mainland(RG) ;
To whom is an enclave, and to whom - an exclave (title of the article by A. Privalov in the magazine “Expert” 21.08.2001);
See the interesting discussion on the forum www.2.kaskad-info.ru (06.06.2002):
“How long will our respected press call us exclave
! This, of course, is not swearing, but children are reading you! Yes, there is no such word in Russian! Eat enclave
! To anyone who finds the word in any Russian dictionary exclave
- I’m putting down the restaurant! Journalists - preserve the Russian language, and without you there will be someone to distort it. Vasilich.
Vasilich, thank you for the restaurant, but you probably did it in the heat of the moment, so I don’t insist. Both words " enclave
" And " exclave
"is in any good explanatory dictionary: Exclave
- a separate part of the territory, geographically isolated from the main part of its state and surrounded by foreign territory. Exclave lat. Ex- outside + Clavis- key Enclave - part of the territory of a foreign state, surrounded by the territory of its own state. Enklave lat.En - inside + Clavis- key. Accordingly, in relation to Russia, Kaliningrad is precisely exclave
. And it was journalists who finally helped politicians find the correct definition of our region. On the contrary, I was always offended when respected Yu.S. Matochkin called Kaliningrad an enclave of Russia in Europe.
Don't argue guys! As a geographer, I note: the main difference enclave
from exclave
is that exclave
- not just a territory surrounded from its own state by the territories of other states, but also having access to the sea! That is, our region is precisely exclave
In my opinion, this is from the “where to look from” series. What is the difference between immigrants and emigrants? Some come, others leave... Maybe it’s the same here - for us it’s enclave
, and for them exclave
It seems to me, Julia, that enclave
(exclave
), having access to the sea, is called semi-enclave
(semi-exclave
)»
.
I wonder what the word enclave first recorded in the Dictionary of Foreign Words, ed. I. V. Lekhin and F. N. Petrova (M., 1964). There is also an article in TSB (Vol. 2) enclave, and in volume 30 there is a reference article enclave, and here are the articles exclave not even in this extensive encyclopedia.
For the first time the word exclave recorded in the “Big Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language,” ed. S. A. Kuznetsova (St. Petersburg, 1998).
Right
as an object of international law and in relation to other countries, the Kaliningrad region – enclave, or rather - semi-enclave. For the Russian side, the Kaliningrad region - exclave. In journalism, in everyday life it is correct – an enclave.