Aliev. Federal Lezgin National-Cultural Autonomy Aliyev, Hero of the Soviet Union
The period of uncertainty and indecisiveness came to an end in June 1993, when Heydar Aliyev took over from Azerbaijan's second elected president, Abulfaz Elchibey, who resigned as Armenian forces were making serious gains in the war Azerbaijan and local rebels were advancing on Baku (the so-called coup of June 1993). After his confirmation as president in popular elections in October 1993, Aliyev quickly negotiated a ceasefire with Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. The cessation of armed hostilities in 1994 allowed Aliyev to focus on economic recovery, and specifically on land reform.
Aliyev had been responsible for agriculture's spectacular growth during his tenure as first secretary of the Central Committee of the Azerbaijan Communist Party (1969–83) and in 1992 he had launched a program of agricultural reforms in the Nakhichevan enclave, where he was parliamentary chairman during a “period of exile” from central leadership. Aliyev's land reform attempts in Nakhichevan did not spread to the rest of the country, because then Azerbaijan was embroiled in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, suffering from deep political instability. The situation changed radically with his election to the presidency, and from the end of 1993 onward, all land reform and farm restructuring decisions were closely associated with President Heydar Aliyev.
The general principles of the new economic system were set out in “the Aliyev Constitution” adopted by referendum in November 1995. The new constitution made a clean break with the socialist economic principles inherited from the Soviet system. It is recognized as private property alongside state and municipal property (Art. 13(I)), and specifically stated that both movable and immovable property (e.g., land) may be held in private ownership (Art. 29(III)). The state monopoly on land ownership that had persisted in Azerbaijan since the early 1920s was thus abolished and adherence to market principles of economic development—“for the improved well-being of the people”—was formally declared in the constitution (Art. 15( II)). Aliyev's market approach to the economy produced quick dividends in the form of what Azerbaijan calls the “contract of the century” signed in 1997 with a consortium of international oil companies for the exploration and exploitation of three offshore oil fields.
Yet at that time Azerbaijan was still a highly agricultural country and land reform was naturally regarded as one of the pillars of economic recovery. Already in December 1994 and March 1995 President Aliyev created special commissions to formulate the principles of agrarian reform (Mamedov, 2000). These commissions produce three major laws on land reform and farm restructuring in 1995-96, which put in place the basic legislation for land privatization and the dissolution of collective and state farms.
A story about the daring and courageous feat of our fellow countryman - the hero great war
On the eve of the celebration of the 70th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, the FLNKA website continues a series of stories about Lezgin heroes Great War, whose feat and fearlessness in the face fierce enemy helped in defending the freedom of the Motherland.
In we wrote about our great compatriot, hero of the Soviet Union, brave and courageous pilot Valentin Emirov, who made about 180 combat missions and conducted more than 20 air battles, during which he managed to eliminate 7 enemy aircraft.
We want to dedicate today’s story to the Hero of the Soviet Union Araz Aliyev. Interestingly, there are at least two versions of his childhood years.
According to the first version, Araz (he was known to his colleagues as Alexander) Mamedovich Aliyev was born on July 23, 1922 in the village of Tsiling, Kurakhsky district, into a working-class family. Received incomplete secondary education. At the beginning of the war, the Aliyev family was evacuated to the Kazakh SSR. This version looks preferable.
Second version He also says that Alexander Aliyev was born in the Stalingrad region. While still in in my youth, he and his family moved to the Kazakh city of Aktyubinsk, from where he was drafted into the Red Army.
We are telling the further story about the life and feat of our fellow countryman on the basis of the biography provided by Nikolai Ufarkin and published on website "Heroes of the Country".
Before the start of the war, Araz Aliyev worked as a mechanic at the Astrakhan ship repair association. Drafted into the Red Army in January 1943 by the Aktobe city military registration and enlistment office. In the battles of the Great Patriotic War participated from June 1944.
In June 1944, Red Army soldier of the 98th Guards Rifle Division Araz Aliyev as part of the 37th Guards rifle corps enters the Karelian Front, which at that moment was finishing preparations for offensive operation.
This is what the commander of the Karelian Front, Marshal of the Soviet Union Kirill Meretskov recalled about the feat of the heroes of Svir (participants in the Svir-Petrozavodsk operation to liberate Soviet Karelia and related operations):
During 1941-1944, the enemy restored Karelian Isthmus and in Karelia, the fortifications of the “Mannerheim Line” were destroyed at one time and, using numerous natural obstacles, additionally created a number of defensive lines.
All this constituted the so-called “Karelian Wall”. The enemy created a strong defensive line on the right bank of the Svir River. In the narrow space of the fortified strip east of Lodeynoye Pole alone, there were over 160 guns.
Strong fortifications and enemy artillery groups were located along the Lodeynoye Pole - Olonets highway.
The enemy expected to detain units and formations of the Karelian Front here for a long time. But the enemy did not take into account one thing - the high offensive impulse of the Soviet soldiers, their truly mass heroism.
The crossing of the Svir River, which took place on June 21, 1944, was the beginning of the Svir-Petrozavodsk operation to liberate Soviet Karelia.
After aviation and artillery treatment leading edge enemy defenses were the first to cross water hazard 16 Komsomol members - guardsmen of the 37th Guards Rifle Corps: 12 soldiers of the 300th Guards Rifle Regiment of the 99th Guards Rifle Division and 4 soldiers of the 296th Guards Rifle Regiment of the 98th Guards Rifle Division. Among them was the Red Army soldier Araz Aliyev.
This operation was a demonstration of a false crossing to attract fire and identify surviving enemy firing points. Soviet artillerymen had to detect and suppress them in order to ensure minimal losses on our side during the massive crossing of the river by soldiers of the 7th Army.
The command selected the most resilient and fearless warriors from the mass of volunteers who wanted to participate in this deadly demonstration.
Having launched pre-prepared boats and rafts with stuffed animals dressed in Red Army uniforms placed in them, the guards set off swimming, pushing them from behind, in the direction of the opposite, enemy shore.
Soon Araz Aliyev's boat was destroyed by enemy artillery. However, he was not at a loss, jumped into another launched boat and began to row vigorously. He was followed by other volunteer soldiers. The enemy opened on boats heavy fire from machine guns and machine guns; previously silent ones came to life artillery batteries. This was what our artillerymen were waiting for, who immediately spotted enemy firing points and immediately destroyed them.
Meanwhile, guardsman Aliyev continued to move forward. Shrapnel and bullets whistled all around, fountains of water raised by mine explosions doused the brave man from head to toe. The boat was punctured in several places and began to leak. But the brave warrior pressed the oars harder and harder, fearlessly moving towards the deadly fire.
Alexander Aliyev was one of the first to cross the river. Having reached the shore, he took cover a hundred meters from the enemy trench, along which our artillery was firing. For some time the hero was in the zone of enemy rifle and machine-gun fire and under close explosions of our shells and mines. Soon he joined his unit, which managed to cross the river.
Aliyev was one of the first to break into the enemy trench. He destroyed the crew with machine gun fire and grenades. heavy machine gun and five enemy soldiers who tried to resist.
The daring and courageous feat of our fellow countryman and his partners in the group of volunteers ensured the rapid crossing of the Svir River by the first echelon Soviet troops and further successful conduct of military operations.
Award list of Araz Aliyev
For the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command and the heroism, courage and resourcefulness shown at the same time, Aliyev Alexander Mamedovich (this is how he was listed on the military lists) by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated July 21, 1944, was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the Gold medal Star" (No. 4435).Araz Aliyev was also awarded the Order of Lenin, numerous medals, including the medal "For Courage".
After the war, our fellow countryman was demobilized and returned to Astrakhan, where he lived and worked
taxi driver Died November 22, 1984. The Hero of the Soviet Union was buried in Astrakhan at the Tatar cemetery.
According to another version of the biography our fellow countryman, “the hero of the battle on the Svir River, Alexander Aliyev, died later in one of the fierce battles. The glory of his feat is immortal.”
Shamsula Fayzulla oglu (Feyzullaevich) Aliyev - Hero of the USSR
Shamsula Faizulla oglu (Feyzullaevich) Aliyev - Hero of the Soviet Union, deputy battalion commander of the 1135th Infantry Regiment of the 339th Infantry Division of the 56th Army of the North Caucasus Front, captain. By nationality - Azerbaijani. Born on April 4 (17), 1915 in the city of Derbent in the family of an employee and teacher. Graduated from Derbent Pedagogical College. Later, like his father, he worked as a teacher.
In 1942 he was drafted into the Red Army. In the same year he graduated from an accelerated course at the Baku Military Infantry School. Since September 1942, he participated in the Great Patriotic War in battles in the North Caucasus. Fought at Mozdok. Participated in the liberation of Novorossiysk. For courage and courage he was awarded two military orders. Captain Aliyev also particularly distinguished himself in the battles on the Kerch Peninsula in the fall of 1943.
On November 11, 1943, Captain Aliyev was the deputy commander of a battalion in the area of the city of Kerch, which repelled 3 enemy counterattacks and destroyed up to two companies of the Nazis. In the battle to expand the bridgehead, Shamsulla raised the battalion to attack several times. Having broken through two lines of defense, the paratroopers entered the territory of the Kirov and Voikov factories. In this battle, 250 enemy soldiers and officers were destroyed, an ammunition depot was captured and Combat vehicles enemy.
On November 19, Captain Aliyev died the death of the brave in a battle on the outskirts of Kerch. He was also buried in the city of Kerch. The name of the Hero is carved on the memorial plaque on Mount Mithridates in Kerch. The Hero’s name was borne by a garment factory, school No. 4 in the city of Derbent, and a wine-growing state farm in the village of Mamedkala. Monuments to Aliyev were built in Derbent and on the central estate of the state farm. IN currently One of the central streets of Makhachkala bears the name of the hero.
In addition, he was awarded a number of awards, such as:
- By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated May 16, 1944, for the exemplary fulfillment of command assignments and the courage and heroism shown in battles with the Nazi invaders, Captain Aliyev Shamsula Feyzullaevich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously)
Born on January 22, 1917 in the village of Ural, now Gunibsky district of Dagestan. Graduated from incomplete high school, joined the Komsomol in 1932, worked in his native village as a literacy liquidator and librarian; Having completed pedagogical courses in 1939, he became a teacher primary school in his native village of the Urals. In 1940 he was drafted into the Red Army and sent to undergo active military service. military service to the Far North, where units and formations of the 14th Army were stationed.
With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Corporal Said Aliyev was in the active army - in the 112th rifle regiment(52nd rifle division), at the beginning of July 1941, from a march, entering battle on the line of the Zapadnaya Litsa River against the German 19th Mountain Rifle Corps. For the steadfastness and courage shown during the defense of Murmansk, the 52nd Rifle Division was reorganized into the 10th Guards SD in December 1941, and the 112th rifle regiment became the 35th Guards joint venture.
From the very first battles, Said Aliyev showed endurance, skill and fearlessness. The polar hills, numerous gorges and mountain streams had much in common with the landscapes of his native Dagestan that were familiar to him since childhood. Aliyev turned to the commander with a request to give him sniper rifle, as he had the talent to destroy a target with one shot. Each shot was preceded long-term follow-up behind the enemy, studying his defense. He tracked down his enemies and beat them without missing a beat. He destroyed primarily enemy officers, machine gunners, and observers. Aliyev soon became a threat to the rangers, who, in turn, began to hunt for the Soviet sniper. Said Aliyev was wounded several times, but returned to duty, and his combat score invariably increased.
Having a special task, sniper Aliyev took part in the battle of his 35th Guards Regiment in May 1942 for the height of the "Eagle's Nest", which occupied a dominant position over the area, and which German troops fiercely intended to repel with superior forces. Our units carried big losses, the entire platoon of combat guards of the 35th Guards Regiment was killed. After this, the entire brunt of the battle fell on Guard sniper Sergeant Said Aliyev, who equipped and camouflaged his sniper position among the rocks and stones in such a way that none of the enemy soldiers could detect it. And he, blocking their path, destroyed 4 officers, calmly catching one after another in the crosshairs. After this battle, in which Aliyev destroyed 37 mountain rangers, his fellow soldiers began to call him the owner of the Eagle's Nest.
By June 1942, the sniper of the 35th Guards Rifle Regiment (10th Guards Rifle Division, 14th Army, Karelian Front) Guard Sergeant S.D. Aliev destroyed 126 enemy soldiers and officers. On February 22, 1943, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No. 900).
In 1943, the brave sniper graduated from courses for junior lieutenants in the city of Belomorsk, he himself taught the art of marksmanship to dozens of snipers of the 14th Army of the Karelian Front, and he himself destroyed at least 133 enemies. Since 1943, he commanded a platoon of machine gunners in the same regiment. In October 1944, while participating in the Petsamo-Kirkenes offensive operation, he was seriously wounded. After recovery, Lieutenant Aliyev was sent to the 1st Ukrainian Front, where, as commander of a company of machine gunners of the 114th Guards Heavy Tank-Self-Propelled Regiment (15th Guards Mechanized Brigade), he participated in the assault on Berlin and the liberation of Prague.
Since 1946, Guard Senior Lieutenant S.D. Aliev has been in reserve. Since 1946 he was in the Soviet and economic work in his native Dagestan, he worked as a mechanic at the Makhachkala Machine-Building Plant, and actively participated in military-patriotic work. Lived in the city of Makhachkala. Died October 12, 1991.
Awarded the orders: Lenin (02/22/1943), Red Banner (10/03/1942), Patriotic War 1st degree (03/11/1985); medals.
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From photographic materials from different years:
From wartime press materials: