Academician Vladimir Melnikov: cold is the wealth of our country. Marat Sadurtdinov: “The scientific potential of the Institute of the Earth’s Cryosphere SB RAS is significant”
Melnikov Nikolai Vasilievich - Soviet scientist in the field of mining, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
Born on February 15 (28), 1909 in the city of Sarapul, now the Udmurt Republic, in the family of a shoemaker. Russian. He graduated with honors from the 2nd level school (now school No. 15 in the city of Sarapul). Worked as secretary of the Sarapul District Union of Food and Flavoring Industry. In 1929 he graduated from the Mining and Metallurgical College in the city of Nizhny Tagil Sverdlovsk region, in 1933 – Sverdlovsk Mining Institute.
Since 1930, he worked in the coal industry: shift engineer of the mine, design engineer of the Sverdlovsk Mining Institute, chief engineer of the Lopatinsky phosphorite mine, chief engineer of the Soyuzsera and Soyuzgrafit trusts, chief engineer of the non-metal ore industry department of the People's Commissariat of the Construction Materials Industry of the USSR, director of the plant " Red Dawn". Since 1943 - head of the department of the People's Commissariat of the Coal Industry of the USSR. Member of the CPSU(b)/CPSU since 1944.
Since January 1946 - member of the board of the People's Commissariat (since March 1946 - ministry) of the coal industry of the eastern regions of the USSR. Since January 1949 - member of the Bureau of Fuel and Transport under the USSR Council of Ministers for verifying the implementation of government decisions on the coal industry, assistant to the deputy chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers. Since February 1951 - Deputy Minister of the USSR Paper and Woodworking Industry for Personnel. At the same time, in 1950-1956, he worked as a professor at the Academy of the Coal Industry.
Since December 1953 - member of the Bureau of Metallurgy, Coal Industry and Geology under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. At the same time, since 1954, he worked at the A.A. Skochinsky Institute of Mining of the USSR Academy of Sciences: head of the laboratory (1954-1955), deputy director (1955-1960), director (1960-1964).
From May 1959 to June 1960 - Chairman of the Council of Technical and Economic Expertise of the USSR State Planning Committee. From December 1961 to January 1963 - Chairman State Committee Council of Ministers of the USSR for the fuel industry - Minister of the USSR; from January 1963 to October 1965 - Chairman of the State Committee for the Fuel Industry under the USSR State Planning Committee - Minister of the USSR.
On June 29, 1962, he was elected a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the department of technical sciences, specializing in mining.
Since 1966, Chairman of the Commission for the Study of Productive Forces and natural resources USSR Academy of Sciences and at the same time, since 1967, head of the sector of physical and technical mining problems at the Institute of Earth Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences. At the same time, director of the Institute for Problems of Integrated Development of Subsoil of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1977-1980, also rector of the Academy of National Economy under the Council of Ministers of the USSR.
The main works of N.V. Melnikov are devoted to the theory of field development open method, controlling the action of an explosion in rocks, methods of technical and economic analysis and forecasting the development of mining equipment. He is the author of new systems open source development deposits, methods of engineering calculation of mining and blasting operations, methods of increasing the efficiency of explosion in rocks.
By Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 27, 1979, for great services in development mining science, training of scientific personnel and in connection with the seventieth anniversary of the birth Melnikov Nikolai Vasilievich awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.
Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences (1950), Professor (1953). Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1953), Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1962). Since 1966 - member of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
Laureate Stalin Prize(1946), USSR State Prize (1979). Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the RSFSR (1960).
He was elected as a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 6th convocation (in 1962-1966).
Awarded 3 Orders of Lenin, 3 Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, Order of the Red Star, and medals.
Honorary citizen of the city of Sarapul (1981; posthumously).
In the city of Sarapul, a memorial plaque was installed on the building of school No. 15, where N.V. Melnikov studied; a street is named after him; In the house (Azina Street, 72) in which he lived, a museum of the academician was created, and a bust was installed near the museum. Memorial plaques were also installed in Yekaterinburg on the building of the Ural State mining university and in Moscow on the building of the Institute for Problems of Integrated Development of Subsoil.
In 1981, the CCCP Academy of Sciences established a gold medal named after N.V. Melnikov, which is awarded for outstanding work in the field of problems of integrated subsoil development.
Essays:
Open-pit mining, M.-L., 1948;
Drilling wells and boreholes in open-pit mines. M., 1953;
Mechanization of dumping works in open-pit mines, M., 1954;
Development of mining science in the field of open-pit mining in the USSR, M., 1957;
Explosion energy and charge design, M. 1964 (together with L.N. Marchenko).
Melnikov Nikolay Vasilievich
Melnikov Nikolay Vasilievich- [R. 15(28).2.1909, Sarapul, now the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic], Soviet scientist in the field of mining, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1962; corresponding member, 1953), Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the RSFSR (1960). Member of the CPSU since 1944. After graduating from Sverdlovsk... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
MELNIKOV Nikolay Vasilievich- (1909 80) scientist, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1962), Hero of Socialist Labor (1979). Works on the theory of open-pit mining and explosion control. USSR State Prize (1946, 1979) ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Melnikov, Nikolai Vasilievich- This term has other meanings, see Melnikov, Nikolai. Nikolai Vasilievich Melnikov: Melnikov, Nikolai Vasilievich (b. 1955) judge of the Constitutional Court Russian Federation. Melnikov, Nikolai Vasilievich (1909 1980) ... ... Wikipedia
Melnikov Nikolay Vasilievich- (1909 1980), scientist in the field of mining, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1962), Hero of Socialist Labor (1979). Works on the theory of open-pit mining and explosion control. USSR State Prize (1946, 1979). * * * MELNIKOV… … encyclopedic Dictionary
Melnikov, Nikolai Vasilievich- [R. 15 (28) Feb. 1909] Sov. scientist in the field of mining, member. corr. USSR Academy of Sciences (since 1953). Member CPSU since 1944. Graduated from Sverdlov in 1933. mining int. In 1950 56 prof. Academy of the Coal Industry. Since 1955 deputy dir. Institute of Mining Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences. works of M.… … Large biographical encyclopedia
Nikolai Vasilievich Melnikov- Melnikov, Nikolai Vasilievich: Melnikov, Nikolai Vasilievich (judge) (born in 1955) judge of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. Melnikov, Nikolai Vasilievich (academician) (1909 1980) academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, specialist in the field of mining ... Wikipedia
Melnikov, Nikolay- Wikipedia has articles about other people with the same surname, see Melnikov. Nikolai Melnikov: Melnikov, Nikolai Alekseevich (1966 2006) Russian poet Melnikov, Nikolai Vasilyevich: Melnikov, Nikolai Vasilievich (b. 1955) judge ... ... Wikipedia
Introduction
Academician P.I.Melnikov (1908-1994) - one of the founders of permafrost science, founder and permanent leader from 1961 to 1987. Institute of Permafrost Studies SB RAS, first President International Association in permafrost science (1983-1988), Hero of Socialist Labor, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the RSFSR and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Many bright pages in the life of our country are associated with his name and national science: opening of the Yakut artesian basin and the beginning of exploitation of fresh sub-permafrost waters, scientific support construction of the Vilyuiskaya hydroelectric power station and the Baikal-Amur Mainline, development of principles and methods for the construction of buildings, roads, gas pipeline routes and other engineering structures in the permafrost zone, development of mineral deposits in northern regions countries.
The beginning of the way
P.I. Melnikov was born on June 19, 1908 in St. Petersburg. His childhood and adolescence were spent in an orphanage and an orphanage. In 1924 he entered the Leningrad Naval School. M.V. Frunze, but without graduating, then from 1927 to 1930. worked at the Leningrad factories “Krasny Vyborzhets” and “Red Triangle”.
In 1930, P.I. Melnikov entered the Leningrad Mining Institute named after. G.V. Plekhanov. From that time on, the words “for the first time” and “first” constituted the main refrain of his entire subsequent life. Together with N.A. Marinov, E.V. Posokhov, V.A. Kudryavtsev and other subsequently famous scientists of our country, P.I. Melnikov became a student of the department of hydrogeology and engineering geology that was first organized at the Mining Institute. The highly professional teaching staff of this department, of course, contributed to instilling in students a deep interest in their chosen specialty and serious scientific work.
Students of the Leningrad Mining Institute (1932).Third from left – P.I. Melnikov, fourth - V.A. Kudryavtsev
Already in the first years of the institute, P.I. Melnikov, thanks to the lectures of N.F. Pogrebov and N.I. Tolstikhin, as well as the optional courses on permafrost science organized at the department, which were taught by M.I. Sumgin, N.A., invited from Moscow. Tsytovich and V.V. Okhotin, became interested in this science. Industrial practice it took place in Eastern Siberia and on Far East in field teams created by the Commission for the Study of Permafrost of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
First steps and results of scientific activity
After graduating from the Mining Institute in 1935 and receiving a diploma as a mining engineer-hydrogeologist, P.I. Melnikov was invited to work in Moscow at the Commission for the Study of Permafrost of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The Commission sent a young and energetic engineer, who already had some experience in scientific and organizational work in the field of permafrost, to the Mining and Geological Department of the Main Northern Sea Route, recommending him for the position of head of the Igarsk permafrost station. That was a lot of confidence for a 27 year old young specialist and P.I.Melnikov brilliantly acquitted him. Under the leadership and with the direct participation of Pavel Ivanovich, the station carried out a detailed study of the permafrost, engineering-geological and hydrogeological conditions of the Igarka region, pioneering experimental studies with frozen soils in the established underground laboratory. The results of these studies were summarized by P.I. Melnikov in two works: “Permafrost in the Igarka region” and “Permafrost-geological conditions of construction in the polar city of Igarka,” but due to the outbreak of the war they remained unpublished.
In October 1938, P.I. Melnikov was recalled to Moscow, where he worked research fellow in the Committee on permafrost USSR Academy of Sciences, which was transformed a year later into the Institute of Permafrost Science named after. V.A.Obrucheva of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
In 1939, Pavel Ivanovich, as part of a comprehensive Yakut expedition organized by the Council for the Study of Productive Forces of the USSR Academy of Sciences, visited Yakutsk for the first time and from that time his entire subsequent life was inextricably linked with Yakutia.
Discovery of the Yakut artesian basin. Formation of engineering permafrost science
In 1940, P.I. Melnikov was sent from Moscow to Yakutsk at the head of an expedition of the Institute of Permafrost Science named after. V.A.Obrucheva of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The objectives of the expedition included studying the permafrost-hydrogeological and engineering-geological conditions of the construction of buildings and structures in central regions Yakutia, research underground ice and aufeis, as well as comprehensive testing of the first exploration well on sub-permafrost waters in Yakutsk. Successful completion of drilling and testing of this well opened new era in the study of permafrost-hydrogeological conditions in the republic and the use of sub-permafrost waters for water supply purposes.
In 1941, on the basis of the Yakut expedition of the Institute of Permafrost Science named after. V.A.Obruchev of the USSR Academy of Sciences By a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, it was decided to organize a permafrost research station of this institute (YANIMS) in Yakutsk. P.I. Melnikov was appointed its head. In this position he is to the fullest revealed his talent as a researcher, leader and organizer of science. Thanks to the energy, persistence and enthusiasm of P.I. Melnikov, YANIMS for short period became one of the leading scientific organizations Yakutsk and the republic. The first were formed at the station scientific directions. In 1942, for the first time in Yakutia, an underground scientific laboratory for studying and testing frozen soils. During the difficult war years, the station employees conducted research on the most pressing economic problems of the city and the republic: they were developed and implemented in National economy rational and economic methods sustainable construction of buildings, linear structures, water pipelines and ice storage facilities in permafrost conditions. In 1943-1944. YANIMS, in collaboration with the Yakut Geological Prospecting Office, drilled the first production well for sub-permafrost waters for water supply in Yakutsk. P.I. Melnikov, along with other employees, was awarded a prize for the discovery of the Yakut artesian basin. In 1948, he, as well as A.I. Efimov, P.A. Solovyov, N.I. Tolstikhin and V.M. Maksimov were awarded the right of discoverers of this gigantic hydrogeological structure by the All-Union Committee on Reserves. The results of permafrost-hydrogeological studies of YANIMS were summarized in the monograph “Operation Experience groundwater in the area of permafrost distribution" (1953), written by Pavel Ivanovich in collaboration with A.I. Efimov.
The second most important problem for practice during the founding years of the Yakutsk research permafrost station was the development effective methods sustainable and high-performance construction of various engineering structures on permafrost soils. At the initiative of YANIMS, in Yakutsk, for the first time, buildings began to be erected using the method of preserving frozen soils in their foundations. The first structure of this kind was the Yakut Central Power Plant, the building of which has been preserved in good condition to the present day. This experience was summarized by P.I. Melnikov, together with N.A. Tsytovich, N.I. Saltykov and V.F. Zhukov in the monograph “Foundations of power plants on permafrost” (1947), which was the first methodological manual for the design, construction and operation of similar structures in the area of permafrost. At the same time as searching for the most rational methods construction of new buildings, they proposed original methods for restoring deformed structures, thanks to which the buildings of the republican library, the former pedagogical institute and others.
Such significant results certainly contributed to the growth of the authority of the station and its leader. In 1947, Pavel Ivanovich successfully defended his Ph.D. thesis in Moscow on the topic “Permafrost-geological conditions for the construction of civil and industrial buildings in the territory Central Yakutia according to experimental construction data in the Yakutsk region.” This work received highly appreciated many leading scientists of the country, including academician V.A. Obruchev, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences N.A. Tsytovich and others. She was awarded a special prize from the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
Nikolay Melnikov-Razvedenkov,
academician, scientist-pathologist
The fate of this Cossack from the Don intersected with the posthumous
the fate of the founder of the Republic of Soviets Lenin
(V. Ulyanova).
Nikolai Fedotovich was born
in 1866 in Ust-Medveditskaya village
(Mr. Serafimovich) in the Donskoy family
nobleman, veteran of Sevastopol
defense Father
his Fedot Petrovich changed his military uniform to a sur-
clerk's note at the Ust-Medveditsk gymnasium.
He and his wife raised five children.
His son Nikolai in 1884 left the walls of this gym-
Nazis with a gold medal. After graduating from Moscow
university as a submitter big hopes, was
left at the Department of Pathological Anatomy. In the current
the 12-year Moscow period stubbornly and persistently
was engaged in scientific, teaching and social activities
political work.
He, a native Cossack, never forgot his native land.
He collaborated with the Donskaya Rech newspaper and persistently defended the interests of
population, protested against the closure of the gymnasium in Ust-
Medveditskaya village.
Was engaged in the fight against po-
a massive cholera plague. Their documents from the archives.
“In the summer of 1892, an epidemic broke out in the south of Russia.
cholera mission, to which Nikolai was sent
Fedotovich.
Carrying out a lot of organizational work
that on the fight against cholera, Nikolai Fedotovich wrote
travel notes, which were incriminating documents
ment of the entire provision of medical care in Russia and
its weakness in the fight against cholera. Censorship prohibited
chat this document, which it still represents
exceptional interest for the history of medicine
in Russia!". And further.
“He sketched out the nightmare of the epidemic
disorganization and aptly sketched the unprepared
society’s laziness towards the cholera epidemic.”
This is how they unanimously speak about Melnikov’s courage -
Razvedenkov pre-revolutionary and Soviet research
ateliers.
In 1895, Nikolai Fedotovich, already a doctor of medicine,
medicines, develops unique way balsa-
mation, then applied by scientists after death
Vladimir Lenin and others government officials, V
including abroad. It was an important secret!
He is on a scientific trip abroad.
Being an assistant at the department
pathological anatomy of Moscow University,
receives recognition from his colleagues.
His sharp mind reacts to the burning phenomena of social
social life. Thus, he proposes a system of measures for le-
co-breeding against drought in the arid Don regions
steppes and personally in 1904 was engaged in this matter on
Don.
Gifted and hardworking Nikolai Fedotovich becomes a professor
Kharkov University (from 1902 to 1920).
He is the rector of the Kuban Medical Institute, where
devotes huge attention advanced training
tion of doctors through their participation in scientific research
niyah. Conducts popular meetings of scientific physics
medical society. Here are interesting memories about him.
“Students and doctors came to take their places
2-3 hours before the start of the meeting. Audience with great
interest, intense attention, in full silence
listened to reports and speeches. Conclusions
Nikolai Fedotovich, delighted listeners with profound
great erudition, and often inimitable humor.”
His bright speeches dedicated to major
questions in science, shone with the depth of thought and
were skilled in oratory.
He was one of the active organizers
Kuban University. Laid the beginning here
Dicin seal.
Nikolai Fedotovich July 24, 1924, upon graduation
work on embalming Lenin's body, participating
He is in Moscow on a commission of experts. It was a task of great responsibility!
After examining Lenin's body, Dzerzhinsky,
Molotov, Voroshilov and other figures
state, the government government sits in the Kremlin
commission that notes scientific contribution N.F.
Melnikova-Razvedenkova in the work carried out.
He reads out the report of the commission of experts, which “recognized
The results of embalming were quite successful.”
The Izvestia newspaper publishes a unique article
our fellow countryman’s story “On anatomical changes,
found in the brain of V.I. Lenin."
In connection with thirty-five years of scientific and pre-
the giving activities of N.F. Melnikova-
Numerous scientists congratulate Razvedenkov
the world and, of course, the fellow countrymen of the Ust-Medveditskaya village.
Melnikov-Razvedenkov from 1925 to 1930 di-
rector of the Ukrainian Pathological Institute founded by him
Anatomical Institute. He played a role in creating the Pantheon of the Brain
outstanding people.
At the same time, he was an editor and collaborator.
nickname of reputable magazines like “Medical Business”,
"Kharkov Medical
magazine".
Nikolai Fedotovich was a member of the presiding
MA of the Academic Council of the People's Commissariat of Health of the Ukrainian SSR and co-editor
Great Medical Encyclopedia.
He actively participated in medical congresses and con-
conferences, including international ones
(Paris, 1898, Munich, 1906).
However, the difficult work undermined his health.
Melnikov-Razvedenkov died of cancer in 1937.
His extensive legacy, works, reports and personalities number
There are more than 200 publications. They continue to be approached even now.
Researchers and scientists communicate.
This spring marks 33 years of scientific activity in Tyumen for Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vladimir Pavlovich Melnikov. An almost fabulous figure, behind which there is a lot - personal successes, problems, the development of academic science in the Tyumen region.
- How did your Tyumen period begin? How did you, a Muscovite by origin, a Yakut by occupation, end up in Siberia?
The first time I came to Tyumen was in December 1982 for a meeting of the State Planning Committee together with academician A.A. Trofimuk. After Yakutsk with its 60-degree frost, it seemed very warm here. In February 1984, I was appointed deputy director of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences for the organization of academic science in the Tyumen region and head of the engineering geocryology department of this Institute.
What struck me then was not so much the speed of events - I just received an offer, and a year later I already received a position. Just God's providence.
The fact is that during the distribution after graduating from the Moscow Geological Exploration Institute named after Sergo Ordzhonikidze in 1962, I was offered Tyumen. But at that time I already had a family - a wife and a small child, the care of which largely fell on my mother-in-law. In addition, the wife had already been sent to the Moscow region a little earlier. In addition, the teachers of my geophysics department stood up for me - they say, we really need him, leave him here. Everything turned out the same way that we stayed in Moscow. And then, years later, Tyumen overtook me and became my home.
I was immediately confronted with problems whose solutions required responsibility. Yes, in my life there was a geophysical group, where I was a scientist, a leader, an accountant, and a porter - everything that was required according to the situation at the department and in the field, but that first leadership position was incomparable with the new one in scale.
Now I understand that if I had gone to Tyumen immediately after my student days, it is unknown what would have become of me as a scientist. Science requires, above all, communication. In Moscow, prominent scientists worked next to me, such as, for example, the head of the department Lev Moiseevich Alpin, the author of a textbook on field theory, my supervisor Yuri Vladimirovich Yakubovsky, my future opponent in doctoral dissertation- Anatoly Georgievich Tarkhov and others are the best minds in geophysics of those years.
- However, the most big influence Your development was probably influenced by your father, a prominent permafrost scientist?
Your social circle, as an example of a scientist-leader, conversations at home. When I graduated from college, my father was not even a doctor of science yet. The greatest influence on me as a person was Vladimir Afanasyevich Obruchev, the founder (together with Vernadsky) of the Institute of Permafrost Science of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the author of the most fascinating books, including the wonderful science fiction novels “Sannikov Land”, “Plutonia”. It was his books that awakened my imagination and infected me with a thirst for search, without which, in fact, a scientist cannot become a scientist. At one time, Obruchev blessed my father to write PhD thesis, approved the creation in 1956 in Yakutsk on the basis of the permafrost station (where, in addition to the capital, I spent my childhood and youth) of the North-Eastern branch of the Institute of Permafrost Science. After Khrushchev, with a slight stroke of the pen, closed the Institute of Permafrost Science in Moscow - having decided that permafrost experts should work at the place where the permafrost itself was registered, the Yakut branch became the only academic institute dealing with this issue.
- What is more interesting for you - academic science or its application component?
You know, I was created in such a way that I am interested in both. I am inspired and given strength by my first discovery - a method for separating electrochemical fields from induction ones. For several years of graduate school, I calmly used the usual methods of interpreting data on DC. Until I realized that all this was wrong! And my entire dissertation is no good. That’s why I came to my department head literally on the eve of the pre-defense. He received a slap and went to the dacha to suffer. And think. In two months I not only found the right decision and drew the right conclusions, completely rewrote the dissertation and managed to defend it in early autumn.
Soon after this he left under an agreement for Yakutsk. I was haunted by the idea of making all the measurements and calculations not on thawed rocks, but on permafrost. After all, what a strange thing, the devices suddenly begin to behave “wrongly”. I replace the devices, move to another place, come back - it’s off scale again. This means there is something wrong with the fields. Thus, in 1969, on frozen rocks, we were lucky enough to discover a fundamentally new phenomenon of negative induced polarization.
These studies formed the basis of one chapter of my doctoral dissertation, which I impudently presented at the age of 36, not thanks to the support of venerable colleagues, but rather in spite of it. During my pre-defense, my predictions of the electrochemical activity of rocks near the equator were called complete nonsense and they even demanded that these data be thrown out of my dissertation. Fortunately, Professor Kamenetsky, who worked in India for several years, intervened - my data explained to him the incomprehensible phenomena that they observed during the research. It is noteworthy that our scientists in India have more than once replaced instruments worth tens of thousands of dollars because they could not find an explanation for their “wrong” behavior. And now everything has fallen into place.
- You could spend your whole life calmly and happily doing science in Moscow. But you were constantly rushing off somewhere - either to your second homeland - Yakutsk, or to Algeria...
Moreover, after defending my PhD, the rector informed me that I was in reserve for work abroad. They released me from work and sent me for 10 months to the Maurice Thorez Institute for courses French so that later I would teach in African countries for several years. I learned the language, but instead of the planned five-year contract, I stayed in Algeria for only two years. I realized that I was getting stupid and I needed to return urgently. By that time I had already moved to the Russian Academy of Sciences, working in Yakutsk.
Yakutsk was for me not only the place where most of my childhood and youth, where at the age of 12 I started driving a car, helping in a locksmith’s workshop and interning with a local cabinetmaker, and at the age of 13 I already had my own gun and motorcycle and almost complete independence. Yakutsk became a place of another force for me - it was there that I began my career (at the age of 16), first as a laborer in the Vilyui expedition, at the age of 18 I was already a machine operator in the virgin lands in Kazakhstan, and only from the 4th year - science. By the way, contrary to popular belief, I did not follow the paths trodden by my father for the simple reason that he was a hydrogeologist, and I was fascinated by geophysics.
- Was it a pity to exchange such a different but exciting life for the incomprehensible Tyumen?
Yeah. The nature of work has changed completely. It was necessary to gather a team - one by one! - and do science together. Here, in Tyumen, I had to get acquainted with the local party leadership and enter into a completely new social circle for me.
- What impression did this make on you?
Heavy.
Strict discipline, an iron vertical of power, leadership of subordinates according to the principle “what is said - do it!” - that's what I observed. Fortunately, I had my own leadership in Moscow and Novosibirsk, but on the territory I needed help. This means that one had to learn diplomacy, which was possible, to be honest, to some extent.
It was amazing what the First Secretary of the Regional Party Committee Gennady Bogomyakov and his team were able to do. In 1985, a Decree on the development of the Tyumen region was issued. It contained a clause about the creation in Tyumen. Several times Moscow officials removed the clause on the creation of the institute from the papers, and the Regional Committee stubbornly restored it. And now it remains to get the last signature - the President of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Alexandrov. I fly to Moscow and quickly hand over the papers through my assistant to Anatoly Petrovich, saying that I urgently need a visa. The assistant immediately takes my papers back, I joyfully grab them and... I see a killer signature - “I consider it inappropriate. We will develop Siberia through expeditions.” I almost fell! By what expedition route?! It is clear that he is already deeply
old man
, did not delve into it, but only glanced briefly. We immediately reprinted everything again and for the second time he imposed a positive resolution, thanks to his assistant Natalya Leonidovna.
- One signature could turn the wheel of the history of the development of science in Siberia in a completely different direction.
The fact that I assembled the first academic institute in the Tyumen region, organized by government decision, in the way that is required now - on a multidisciplinary principle. He recruited scientists from different fields: glaciologists, geocryologists, geologists, mechanics, systems engineers, physicists. Together we understood what we were doing. In five years, the team has grown to 450 people. All this became the cornerstone of the development of academic science in the Tyumen region.
But then hard times came...
In 1992, the Academy of Sciences began to collapse. Funding was unstable; people spent months without money not only for research, but also for salaries. A few years later, only half of our team remained. I would like to note that what remained were not some poor fellows who had nowhere to run, but precisely those for whom science is life. Fortunately, even before the fall we managed to create the Tyumen Scientific Center and the Institute of Mechanics, which later moved to.
It turns out that the large one was divided into several smaller ones, and now the process of consolidation into the Federal Research Center is again underway.
Yes, we are consolidating, collecting. But what will this mean? It’s one thing when you work on an object (the cryosphere) with a multidisciplinary approach, and it’s completely different when you are asked to include breeding and veterinary medicine in this approach. In my opinion, it is strange to demand high publication activity from the Research Institute of Veterinary Entomology and Arachnology, instead of productive, experimental activities, in which they are specialists and experts. And it’s not just strange, but also harmful to the industry.
- You will participate in the workFIC?
My main task for today is to strengthen the position of the new paradigm: if earlier the course was to conquer permafrost, now we are studying “cryogenic resources”. Cold is a wealth that you need to learn to use. Russia owns the main permafrost reserves in the world and thousands of square kilometers Arctic ice. And this is against the backdrop of the fact that there is already a shortage on the planet fresh water. In addition, we can develop the Arctic by such means that the properties of permafrost will only help us (but, of course, this does not remove the solution to the enormous environmental problems. This region, I am convinced, should always have a special place, as one of the most sensitive areas globe). Wealth - given by nature- must be protected and used skillfully.
We still know little about permafrost and other cold objects. Just as atomic scientists immerse themselves in microworlds in their colliders, here too it is necessary to delve deeper into the study of the properties of ice, water, and phase transitions. And we will discover a world full of wonders.
Nikolai Pokhilenko: you need to live and work where your homeland is
"Tea parties at the Academy" is a regular column of Pravda.Ru. Writer Vladimir Gubarev talks with outstanding scientists. Today we bring to your attention an interview of an outstanding scientific journalist with Nikolai Pokhilenko, academician, director of the Institute of Geology and Mineralogy named after.
Marat Sadurtdinov: “The scientific potential of the Institute of the Earth’s Cryosphere SB RAS is significant”
Despite the fact that the community of permafrost scientists is one of the smallest in the world, it is extremely difficult to overestimate the importance of their work, because permafrost occupies a quarter of the land area of the globe in general and 65% of the territory of Russia in particular.
"In a few years we will have the most efficient oil refineries"
B last years Gazprom Neft's priorities in the field of oil refining are increasing operational efficiency and implementing projects to modernize refining assets. The deputy chairman of the board of Gazprom Neft PJSC, deputy general director for logistics, processing and sales ANATOLY CHERNER.
Interview with academician Mikhail Epov to the publication "Pravda.Ru"
"Tea parties at the Academy" is a regular column of Pravda.Ru. Writer Vladimir Gubarev talks with the Deputy Chairman of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of the Institute of Oil and Gas Geology and Geophysics of the SB RAS, Head of the Department of Geophysics of the Novosibirsk state university Mikhail Epov.